REPRODUCTION

Types of Plant Reproductions:


1. Spore

2. Sexual Reproduction - (Involves 2 parents) 

3. Asexual Reproduction - (Involves 1 parent) 

4. Propagation

Spore : (To reproduce, seedless vascular plants

make spores.) – A single cell that can grow into a
new organism.$
• A spore holds only half the beginning of a
complete new plant inside it.$
• A spore then falls off a plant and germinates.$
• A male plant must fertilize a female plant to
produce. Ex.) Ferns
 

Sexual Reproduction

vs. 

Asexual Reproduction


Sexual Reproduction takes place when a male sex cell fertilizes a

female sex cell. The young have characteristics of both
parents. $
!
In asexual reproduction, there is no cell fertilization. Asexual
reproduction involves only one parent. Young produced by
asexual reproduction are identical to their parent.
 Asexual Reproduction
Some kinds of plants can grow from a part of a parent
plant.$
!
Examples: $
A new potato plant can grow from an “eye” of a potato.
The eye of a potato is a bud. The bud grows into a
new stem, leaf, or flower and also forms “runners” to
reproduce new plants.
Some plants, send out runners to form new plants.

A runner is a kind of stem that grows sideways. Buds
form along the runner and grow into new plants.
 Gymnosperm
Gymnosperm- A vascular plant that produces
seeds, but not flowers or fruits.
** The seeds rest in berries
or on woody structures
called cones. $
!
Seeds contain plant embryos,
** Seeds are the beginnings of new plants. $
the results of !
sexual Seeds provides protection
reproduction. and a source of food for the
embryo.
 Gymnosperms
There are 4 main groups of Gymnosperms. They
produce seeds but do not produce flowers or fruit.
Ginkgo Leaves

Conifer forest in Northern$

California. Many conifers are$
Pine Trees.
Cyad Tree with old and
Gnetophyte new male cones.
 Angiosperms

(For some plants, flowers are necessary for
reproduction.)
Angiosperm - A vascular plant that produces
seeds from flowers.
* *All Angiosperms contain flowers and seeds.
The flowers:$
- make seeds and fruits to $
protect the seeds.$
- either or both have $
male and female organs $
within one flower.
Fruiting Plant Life Cycle
 Vegetative Propagation

• Seeds and spores are just two ways in

which a new plant may form. $
• In some species, part of the plant’s
stem or root system might develop
into a whole new plant.$
• This form of reproduction is called
Vegetative Propagation.
 Vegetative Propagation

** (It only requires one parent organism)
Vegetative reproduction from a

stem cutting less than a week old

Production of new individuals

along a leaf margin of the air
plant
 Plant Adaptations
• Like other forms of life, plants have developed
adaptations.$

• Adaptations - any part of characteristic that helps a

species survive or reproduce.

Adapted Part Purpose:

Pine Trees Grows needle-like Helps keep water in, allowing pines
leaves to survive in cool dry places

Cactus Plant Thick stems and Holds water in and spines keeps
Spines desert animals from stealing the
water or eating the plant.
Plant Life Cycle Adaptations

• Annuals - Completes life cycle in a single year$

• Biennials - Life for 2 years$
• Perennials - Grow back every year without
replanting