MAKING A PRESENTATION

DOSEN PENGAMPU:

Maya Handayani Sinaga,SS,MPd

PENYUSUN :
KELOMPOK 13
1.CUT ANNISA MUTHMAINNAH NIM: P07524419 050
2.FITRIANI SIREGAR NIM: P07524419 058
3.INDAH ELESTISAH HARAHAP NIM: P07524419 065

Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes

Medan Prodi D-IVJurusan Kebidanan

t.a 2019/2020
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FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude we pray to the presence of God

Almighty, thanks to His grace and guidance we can
complete the "Making Presentation". This module is
prepared with the hope that it can be used as teaching
material for English courses for students who take DIV
Midwifery education.
On this occasion, we do not forget to thank all those who
have helped in the preparation of this module. We are aware
of our limitations as writers, therefore for the sake of
developing creativity and improving this module, we expect
suggestions and input from readers and experts, both in
terms of content, terms and presentation. May the Almighty
God return the favor of all those who have given
opportunities, support and assistance in completing this
module. Finally, I hope that this module can benefit readers.
Amen

Medan, 14 December 2019

Composer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD....................................................................................................................1
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................2
BRIEF DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................3
MAKING A PRESENTION........................................................................................4

Activity 1 Making a Presentation :

Indicator ............................................................................................................6
MaterialDescription ...........................................................................................7

Summary ........................................................................................................................8
Assignment .....................................................................................................................9
Formative Questions......................................................................................................17
Answer key...................................................................................................................20

References....................................................................................................................21

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PRELIMINARY
Short Descriptions, Objectives and Study Instructions

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

This module gives students the ability to be able to make presentations

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this module, students are expected to be able to make

presentations well

 LEARNING INSTRUCTIONS
 Doa Read the prayer in accordance with your beliefs so that you will be given
ease in learning this material.
 Read this material carefully, so that the contents of this material can be
understood properly.
 Make and fill in the learning plan contained in the module so that you can
consult it if you have difficulties.
 Work on the student activity sheets that have been provided in earnest.

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TITLE
MAKING A PRESENTATION

PEMBAHASAN

MAKING A PRESENTATION

1.1 PRACTICING A SMALL DISCUSSION IN GROUP

1.Small Group Discussion Model
a. Understanding the Model Small Group Discussion Learning model is a pattern or steps
Certain learning is applied in order for goals or competencies from learning outcomes that
are expected to be quickly achieved more effective and efficient Several conditions are
used to achieve learning outcomes effectively and efficiently in the selection of learning
models,
among others:
1) There is a discoverer.
2) There are goals to be achieved.
3) There are specific behaviors.
4) There is an environment that needs to be created.
The term learning model has a broader meaning rather than strategy, method or procedure.
Learning model has four special characteristics that are not owned by the strategy, method or
procedure. These characteristics are
1) logical theoretical rational compiled by the creators or
the developer
2) The foundation of thought about what and how students learn
(learning objectives to be achieved)
3) The teaching behavior needed for the model to be able to
implemented successfully anD

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4) The learning environment needed for the learning objectives

can be achie
The term learning model includes a model approach extensive and comprehensive learning.
For example in the model problem based learning, small groups of students work together to
solve a problem agreed upon by students and teachers, when the teacher is applying the
learning model often, students use various kinds skills, problem solving procedures and
critical thinking. Model problem learning is based on constructivist learning theory. On this
model of learning begins with presenting problems obviously the solution requires cooperation
between students. In this learning model guides students outline problem solving plans into
activity stages; teacher give examples of the use of skills and strategies needed so that these
tasks can be completed. Teachercreating a class atmosphere which is flexible and effort-
oriented student investigation.Learning models can be classified based on learning objectives,
syntax (sequence patterns) and the nature of the environment study it. For example
clarification based on purpose is direct learning, a good learning model to help students learn
basic skills such as tables multiplication or for topics that have a lot to do with use of tools.
However, this is not appropriate when used for teach high-level mathematical concepts. The
syntax (sequence pattern) of a learning model is a pattern that illustrates the order of the
overall stages there is generally accompanied by a series of activity learning. Syntax (sequence
pattern) of a learning modelcertain shows clearly what activities must bedone by the teacher or
student. Syntax (sequence patterns of various kinds of learning models have
componentssimilarly, the example of each learning model begins with effortattract the
attention of students and motivate students to be involved inlearning process. Each learning
model ends with a stageclosing the lesson, including activities to summarize the main subjects
conducted by students with teacher guidance. Every learning model requires a system slightly
different management and learning environment, for example, Cooperative learning models
require a learning environment as flexible as available tables and chairs that are easily
moved.In the discussion learning model students sit on a bench arranged in a circle or like a
horse ascetic. Whereas the model direct learning the students sit face to face with teacher,.
There is a cooperative learning model students need to communicate each other, while in the

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direct learning model of students must be calm and pay attention to the teacher. Arends as
quoted by Trianto selected six learning models that are often and practically used by teachers
in teaching, namely: presentation, direct learning, learning concepts, cooperative learning,
problem based learning, and keas discussion. Arends and other learning model experts argues,
that there is no most learning model both among others because of each learning model can be
felt good, if it has been tested to teach certain subject matter. Therefore from several models
existing learning needs to be selected learning models which onethe most appropriate for
teaching a particular materialIn teaching a certain subject matter (material)the learning model
that is most suitable for the purpose must be chosento be achieved. Therefore, in choosing a
modellearning must have considerations. For examplesubject matter, the level of cognitive
development of students, and the means orthe facilities available, so the learning objectives
have been set can be achieved. On the matter of preserving the environment wrongone form of
model that can be applied is the small group modeldiscussion.The small group discussion
model is a learning processby conducting small group discussions the goal is for
participantsstudents have the skills to solve problems related to the subject matterand
problems faced in daily life. The small group discussion model also means the process of
visiontwo or more individuals who interact globally and with each otherface to face regarding
certain goals or objectivesthrough exchanging information, maintaining opinions orproblem
solvingSo the small group discussion model is a learning modelwhich emphasizes the
activeness of student learning through learning discussions
small group
b. Basic Model Small Group Discussion
All activities must have a purpose and basis indo it. Likewise in the implementation of the
small group modelThere is also a pedagogical and psychological basis in the discussion.
Modelsmall group discussions have a group approach.Learning aims to gain knowledge,
attitude attitudesand the skills needed to achieve these goals are neededmethod or way. In the
process of teaching and learning methods of learninggroup is one method that usesgroup
approach. The group approach is used forfostering and developing social attitudes of students.
According to BimoWalgito's basis for group learning can be classified into twothat is:

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1) Basic Juridical
uridical basis as a basis relating to the problemeducation and learning. This is reflected in
the RI LawNo. 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system in article 1reads that
the type of education is that groupbased on the specificity of the educational goals of a
goalRI Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the education systemnational article 3 which reads
"National education functionsdevelop abilities and shape character as welldignified nation
civilization in the context of educatingthe nation aims to develop the potential of learners
sobe a man of faith and pious to God that Almighty, noble, healthy knowledgeable,
creative, independent,and become democratic and responsible citizens
answer
2) Psychological Basis

The psychological basis will be seen in human beings reflectedin everyday life. These
activities can be classified intoin three main groups essentially namely:

a) Activities of an individual nature

b) Activities that are social in nature, as well

c) Divine activities

3)religious basis

C.Goal is something that is expected to be achieved after somethingbusiness or activity is

complete, the educational goal is not an objectwhich is fixed and static, but is a wholefrom
one's personality regarding all aspectshis life. The purpose of applying the small group
discussion model is to getincrease the ability of students' responsibilities about whatwhich
they learn through fun and notscary.Students in addition to individuals also have a social
aspectthey need to be developed, they can work together, work together and help each other.
Indeed, humans are createdas individual beings as well associal beings. and in terms of

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social then humans are expected to be able to establish cooperation between friendsone class
or teacher.The purpose of the small group discussion model is for participantsstudents have
the skills to solve problems related to the subject matterand problems faced in daily lifeIn
accordance with the notion of teaching that is creating atmospherewhich develops the
initiative and learning responsibilities of participantsstudents, the teacher's attitude should
1) Want to listen to students' opinions.

2) Getting students to listen when the teacher or

Other students speak.

3) Appreciate differences of opinion.

4) "Mentholelir" is wrong and encourages to improve.

5) Grow students' confidence.

6) Give feedback on the work of the teacher.

7) Not too fast to help students.

8) No miser to praise or appreciate.

9) Do not laugh at the opinions or the work of students

even if it lacks quality.

10) Encourage students not to be afraid of being wrong or brave

bear the risk

In learning that is owned in the small group modeldiscussion, the position and role of the
teacher must place themselvesas:

1) Learning leaders, meaning planning, organizing,implement and control the learning

activities of students

2) Learning facilitator means providing conveniencesstudents in carrying out learning

activities for example,provide learning resources and tools, provide study time

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enough, give help, show the way outproblem solving, mediating debates and opinionsso.

3) Learning moderator means to control the learning flow of participantsstudents, teachers

accommodate the problems raised by studentsand return the matter to others,

to be answered and solved. The answer was returnedto the questioner or to the class to be
judged right and wrong.

4) Motivator learning as a motivator so that students wantdo learning activities

5) Evaluator means as an objective and comprehensive evaluator,the teacher is obliged to

monitor, supervise, the participant's learning processstudents and learning outcomes
achieved.Small group discussion model that aims tomaximize the potential of students in
the learning process, solearning to be active, creative and fun. The purpose ofsmall group
discussion method as a method of active learning in groupsis:

1) Students seek their own experience and experience it directly;

2) Do it yourself

3) Fostering harmonious cooperation among students who are on

turn can facilitate group work

4) Students learn and work based on their interests and abilities

itself, so it is very useful in terms of service

individual differences

5) Cultivating family attitudes, deliberation and consensus

6) Fostering collaboration between schools, communities, teachers and parents

students who are useful in education

7) Learning is carried out realistically and concretely, so that

develop understanding and critical thinking as well

avoiding verbalism

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8) Learning comes to life as does life insidesociety full of dynamics ".So the success of
learning with this learning model is notsolely determined by the ability of individuals as a
whole,but the acquisition of learning will be better if donetogether in small study groups
that arewell structured. Through learning from peers andUnder the guidance of the teacher,
the process of acceptance and understandingstudents will be easier and faster with the
material being studied

d. Small Group Discussion Model Elements according to Anita Lie, the small group
discussion model is as suchother group-based learning has elementsinterrelated, including:

1) Positive interdependence (positive interdependence).This positive dependency does not

mean students are dependentthoroughly to other students. If students relyanother friend
without him giving or being a placedepending on each other, it cannot be namedpositive
dependence. Johnson's teacher at the university of Minnesota,Shlomo Sharan at Tel Aviv
University, and Robert E. Slavin in John Hopkins being a researcher as well as a
practitionerdevelop Cooperative Learning as a modellearning that can improve student
achievement at oncehone students' interpersonal intelligence. must createan atmosphere that
encourages students to feel need each other.This feeling of mutual need is called
positiveinterdependence. This interdependence can be achievedthrough the dependence of
goals, assignments, learning materials or resources,role and prize.

2) Individual accountability the small group discussion method demands itindividual

accountability that measures mastery of learning materialeach group member, and given
feedback on learning achievementits members so they know each otherwho need help. In
contrast to traditional groups,Individual accountability is often neglected so that the tasksoften
done by some members. In Methodcooperative learning type small group discussion, students
mustresponsible for the duties carried by each member.
3) Face to face (face to face interaction)Cooperative interaction demands all members inStudy
groups can face each other so they candialogue not only with the teacher but also with

friend. Such interactions allow children to belearning resources for others. This is
necessary because of studentsoften find it easier to learn from each other than from

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teacher.

4) Social SkillsThis element requires students to be equipped with various thingssocial

skills namely leadership (leadership), makingdecision (decision making), build trust (trust

building), communication skills and management skillsconflict (management conflict

skills).Other social skills such as tolerance, polite attitudeto friends, criticize ideas, dare to
defend the mindlogical, does not dominate the other, independent, and various other
propertieswhich is useful in establishing interpersonal relationshipsonly assumed but
deliberately taught.

5) Group Process (Process Processing) This process occurs when eachgroup members
evaluate the extent to which they interacteffectively to achieve common goals. Group
needsdiscuss the behavior of members who are cooperative and non-cooperative
and make decisions about which behaviors to change or maintained. The elements of the
small group discussion model in learningwill encourage the creation of a learning
community.The concept of learning community suggests that learning outcomesobtained
from the results of collaboration with others in the form of sharingindividuals, between
groups and between those who know and don't know. Jerome Brunner introduces the
social side of learning, as it doesquoted by Melvin, he described "a human need
who respond to and jointly with theminvolved in achieving goals ", he called reciprocity.
e. Principles of the Small Group Discussion ModelIn general the principles that must be
considered inactive learning strategies derived from learning principles are:
1) Whatever is learned by the student, he must
learn it yourself no one can
do these learning activities for him.
2) Every student learns according to tempo (own and each pace
age groups there are variations in learning speed)
3) A student learns more each step
allow overall learning to be more meaningful.
4) If students are given the responsibility to learn on their own,
then he is more motivated to learn, he will learn and
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remember better
The small group discussion model basically requires itactive participation of students in the
learning processdo. There are several principles of learning in the small group
modeldiscussion that can support the growth of the way students learn activelyin the learning
process carried out, namely:
1) Learning stimulationMessages received by students from the teacher through
informationusually in the form of a stimulus. The stimulus can be shapedverbal / language,
visual, auditive, tactic, etc. There are two waysmight help students so that the message is
easily received.The first way is the need for repetition so that it helps student in strengthening
his understanding. The second way is studentsreiterate the message the teacher conveys to
students.
2) Attention and motivationAttention and motivation are the main prerequisites inteaching and
learning process. There are several ways to growattention and motivation, among others
through the way of teachingvary, hold repetition of information, givenew stimulus, for
example through questions tostudents provide opportunities for students to channeldesire to
learn, using media and assistive devicesattract the attention of students, such as pictures,
photos, diagrams, and others. While learning motivation can grow from two things, i.e.grow
from within himself and grow from outside himself.

3) Responses learnedStudent involvement or response to teacher stimuluscan include various

forms such as attention, internal processeson information, concrete actions in the form of
participationlearning activities such as solving problems, doing assignments given by the
teacher, assessing his ability inmastering information, training yourself in mastering
informationgiven and others.

4) StrengtheningThe source of learning reinforcement for satisfying needs is derivedfrom

outside and inside himself. Learning reinforcement that comes fromoutside oneself like
grades, recognition of student achievement, approvalstudent opinions, rewards, prizes etc., are
waysto strengthen student responses. While the amplifier from the insidehe can happen if the
response made by students is really satisfying themselves and in accordance with their needs.

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5) Usage and transferLearning by expanding the formation of associations can beimprove the
ability of students to move what ishave been studied in other similar situations in the
future.Associations can be formed through the provision of meaningful material,oriented to the
knowledge that students already have,give clear examples, regular trainers,solving similar
problems, doing in that situation a lot of fun. According to Melvin L. Silberman in his book
active learning,There are several learning models to help students getactive knowledge, skills
and attitudes, among others, asfollowing:
1) Full class learning process; learning led by
the teacher who stimulates all students
2) Class discussion; dialogue and debate on key issues
3) Asking questions; students ask for an explanation
4) Collaborative learning activities; the task is done together insmall group
5) Learning by classmates; learning done bystudents themselves
6) Independent learning activities; learning activities that dolearning is done in a manner
individual

7) Active learning activities; activities that help students understandtheir feelings, values,
and attitudes

8) Skills development; learn and practiceskills, both technical and non-technical.The above
description can be concluded that the Principles abovevery important, because in it there is
interaction between studentsand educators and applying the small group discussion model.
Onthe principle of activating student teachers to be democratic, teachers understandand
respect the character of their students, the teacher understands differencesthe difference
between them, both in terms of interests, talents, intelligence,attitude or habit. So it can
adjust insidegive lessons according to the ability of students.

f. Steps to the Small Group Discussion ModelSteps for applying the small group discussion
modelincluding:

1) Divide the class into several small groups (maximum of 5 students)by appointing the
chairman and secretary

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2) Give case study questions (prepared by the teacher) accordinglywith Competency

Standards (SK) & basic Competencies (KD).

3) Instruct each group to discuss the answer to the problemthe

4) Make sure each member actively participates in discussions

5) Instruct each group through a designated spokespersonpresent the results of the

discussion in the class forum.

6) Clarification, inference and follow-up (Teacher) .

Strengths and Weaknesses of SmallGroup Discussion Models.Study groups like the small
group discussion model toohas its own strengths and weaknesses, namely:
1) Strengths are:
a) Learning outcomes are more perfect when compared to learningindividually
b) Opinions shared together are more convincingand stronger than individual opinions.
c) The cooperation carried out by students can be bindingthe rope of unity, shared
responsibility and ownershi (sense belonging) and eliminate egoism
2) Weaknesses are:
a) This model requires more complicated preparationsthan other methods so it requires
more dedicationhighly on the part of the educator.
b) If there is a negative competition the results of work andthe task will be worse.
c) Students who are lazy, get the opportunity to staypassive in that group and most likely
wil influence other members.
So the advantages of applying the cooperative principle in learning further increases solidarity
and mutual respectamong students while the weakness is the occurrenceunfair competition and
interdependencelearners.

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RESUME

Understanding the Model Small Group Discussion Learning model is a pattern or steps
Certain learning is applied in order for goals or competencies from learning outcomes that are
expected to be quickly achieved more effective and efficient Several conditions are used to
achieve learning outcomes effectively and efficiently in the selection of learning models,
among others:
1) There is a discoverer.
2) There are goals to be achieved.
3) There are specific behaviors.
4) There is an environment that needs to be created.
The term learning model has a broader meaning rather than strategy, method or procedure.
Learning model has four special characteristics that are not owned by the strategy, method or
procedure. These characteristics are:
1) logical theoretical rational compiled by the creators or
the developer
2) The foundation of thought about what and how students learn
(learning objectives to be achieved)
3) The teaching behavior needed for the model to be able to
implemented successfully and
4) The learning environment needed for the learning objectives
can be achie

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QUESTION

1. Why does the writer present two sides of opinions of advertisements?

a. She/he wants to take side
b. She/he wants to be in the affirmative side
c. She/he uses the opinions to emphasize her own stance
d. She/he wants the readers know the opinion about the issue
e. She/he wants the readers to understand her stance

2. The writer influences the readers by repeatedly saying that…

a. The ads are only garbage
b. The ads cortain unimportant business information
c. The ads promote unnecessary service products
d. The ads inform us tips of easy shopping
e. The ads become the source of information

3. "Adsuseup a lot ofspaceand a lot ofeffort has tobemadetheadseye-catching. The

underlinedwordisclosest in meaningto ....

A. Newsworthy

B. Subtle

C. Plain

D. Impressive

E. Delicate

4. Whatisthegenericstructureofthetext?

A. Arguments-Recommendation-Thesis

B. Recommendation-Issue-Arguments-Thesis

C. Issue-SupportingPoints-ContrastingPoints-Conclusion

D. Thesis-SupportingPoints-ContrastingPoints-Reiteration

E. Reiteration-Arguments-Thesis

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5. "... theirshopsandtheysellmoregoods." (paragraph 2) The underlinedwordrefersto ....

A. Buyer

B. Shop owners

C. Readers

D. Writer

E. Advertiser

6. Whatisthefirstparagraphcalled?

A. Issue

B. Orientation

C. Argument

D. Preview

E. Conclusion

7. Whatis Muslim women’sviewontheveil?

A. Itisanobstacleoftheirfreedom

B. Itistoprotecttheirmodestyandprivacy

C. Itis a fashiontrendamongthem

D. They feelbeingforcedtowearit

E. Itiswhattheirparentstoldthemtowear

8. Paragraph 4 tellsusthatbanningon Muslim headscarfcould ….

A. Arousesocialconflictamongsocialcommunities

B. Maintainsolidarityamongsocialcommunities

C. Provoke a moreextremereactionamonghighlyreligiouscommunities

D. Teachstudentssocialawareness

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E. Make Muslim womenloosetheiridentity

9. Whatdoesthewritersuggest?

A. Schoolsshould not betoleranttoanyfreedomofreligiousexpression

B. Studentsshouldknowvarioussocialgroupsamongthesociety

C. The governmentshould ban Muslimsheadscarfbecauseitmayarouseconflicts

D. Muslim’sheadscarf as a partofschoolorofficeuniformsshould not bebanned

E. Schools are allowedto ban Muslim headscarfbecauseitmayarousemanyproblems

10. “Intolerantschoolsmakeupproblems as anexcusefor not allowing…..” (paragraph 5) The

underlinedwordissynonymouswith ……

A. Reason

B. Custom

C. Expectation

D. Evidence

E. Requirement

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ANSWER

1. D
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A

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REFERENCES

http://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/4114/3/133911166_bab2.pdf
http://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/123/article/view/3572

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