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Chapter 5.

8
Density
Mrs. Baldessari
Chemistry

Objective: You will define and calculate


density with appropriate units.

1
Density

 Take a look at the two boxes below. Each box


has the same volume. If each ball has the
same mass, which box would weigh more?
Why?

2
Density

 Answer: The box that has more balls has more


mass per unit of volume.

 This property of matter is called density. The


density of a material helps to distinguish it
from other materials.

 Density d = mass/volume (g/ml)

3
Density

 Calculate the density of each block.

Block I Block II
Mass = 79.43 grams Mass = 25.41 grams
Volume=29.8 ml Volume = 29.8 ml

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Density

 Block I
– Density = 79.43 grams / 29.8 ml
= 2.67 g/ml

 Block II
– Density = 25.41 grams / 29.8 ml
= 0.853 g/ml

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Density units

Density compares the mass of an object to


its volume

D = mass = g or g
volume mL cm3

Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3
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Density

 Density is a physical characteristic of a


material and allows us to determine what each
block is made of.

 All pieces of matter made of the same material


will have the same density.

 Different matter will have different densities.

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Example #1

A certain mineral has a mass of 17.8 g and a volume of


2.35 cm3. What is the density of this mineral?
mass
Density =
volume
17.8 g
Density =
2.35 cm3

3
Density = 7.57 g/cm

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Example #2

•What is the mass of a 49.6 mL sample of a liquid, which


has a density of 0.85 g/mL?
mass •Cover the variable that your are
Density = solving for
volume
x •Perform the math operation as it is
0.85 g/mL = shown in the triangle
49.6 mL

mass = x = 42 g m=(D)(V)
m
D v
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Concept Check

Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3. If 75.0 g


of copper is added to 50.0 mL of water in a
graduated cylinder, to what volume reading
will the water level in the cylinder rise?

a) 8.4 mL
b) 41.6 mL
c) 58.4 mL
d) 83.7 mL
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Having trouble with the math?

• Cover the variable


that your are solving
for
m
•Perform the math
operation as it is
shown in the triangle
d v

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Volume Displacement
A solid displaces a matching volume of water
when the solid is placed in water.

33 mL
25 mL

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Learning Check
What is the density (g/cm3) of 48 g of a metal if the
metal raises the level of water in a graduated
cylinder from 25 mL to 33 mL?
1) 0.2 g/ cm3 2) 6 g/m3 3) 252 g/cm3

33 mL
25 mL

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Solution

2) 6 g/cm3
Volume (mL) of water displaced
= 33 mL - 25 mL = 8 mL
Volume of metal (cm3)
= 8 mL x 1 cm3 = 8 cm3
1 mL
Density of metal =
mass = 48 g = 6 g/cm3
15 volume 8 cm3
Learning Check

Which diagram represents the liquid layers in


the cylinder?
(K) Karo syrup (1.4 g/mL), (V) vegetable oil
(0.91 g/mL,) (W) water (1.0 g/mL)
1) 2) 3)

V W K
K V
W
K V W
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Solution

(K) Karo syrup (1.4 g/mL), (V) vegetable oil


(0.91 g/mL,) (W) water (1.0 g/mL)

1) V

W
K
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Density Connections

Mass Volume

kg L

g mL (cm3)

mg
18
Learning Check

The density of octane, a component of


gasoline, is 0.702 g/mL. What is the mass, in
kg, of 875 mL of octane?
1) 0.614 kg

2) 614 kg

3) 1.25 kg

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Solution

1) 0.614 kg
Unit plan: mL  g  kg
Equalities: 1 mL = 0.702 g and 1 kg = 1000 g
Setup:

875 mL x 0.702 g x 1 kg = 0.614 kg


1 mL 1000 g
density metric
factor factor
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Learning Check

If blood has a density of 1.05 g/mL, how


many liters of blood are donated if 575 g of
blood are given?

1) 0.548 L
2) 1.25 L
3) 1.83 L

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Solution

1)
Unit Plan: g mL L

575 g x 1 mL x 1 L = 0.548 L
1.05 g 1000 mL
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Learning Check

A group of students collected 125 empty aluminum


cans to take to the recycling center. If 21 cans
make 1.0 pound of aluminum, how many liters of
aluminum (D=2.70 g/cm3) are obtained from the
cans? Note, 1 mL = 1 cm3

1) 1.0 L 2) 2.0 L 3) 4.0 L

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Solution

1) 1.0 L

125 cans x 1.0 lb x 454 g x 1 cm3


21 cans 1 lb 2.70 g

x 1 mL x 1L = 1.0 L
1 cm3 1000 mL
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Learning Check

You have 3 metal samples. Which one will


displace the greatest volume of water?
1 2 3
25 g Al 45 g of gold 75 g of Lead
2.70 g/mL 19.3 g/mL 11.3 g/mL

25 Discuss your choice with another student.


Solution
1) 25 g Al x 1 mL = 9.2 mL
2.70 g

25 g Al
2.70 g/mL

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