1.

Local control unit is the small collection of hard ware in the system that can do closed
loop control. Local control unit interfaces directly to the process.

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2. Question 10. What Is The Significance Of Dcs?
Answer :
DCS is used for interfacing and computing functions and also provides the means of
communication between the other devices. It consists of local control unit, low level
interface, high level interface, shared communication facility Etc.
3. Question 11. What Is Scada? Give Any Four Editors Available In Scada Package?
Answer :
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is computerised hardware
and software based project that provides a single integrated view of all control and
information resources, enable engineers, supervisors, operators to view and interact with
the working of an entire operation through graphical representation of their product
process.
Four editors:
a. Inkscape SAGE - SCADA Animation Graphic Editor
b. Generic Logic
c. TRACE MODE
d. UCanCode
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4. Question 12. What Is Cimplicity?
Answer :
CIMPLICITY is a SCADA package. It is based on a client server architecture consisting
of servers and viewers. Servers are responsible for the collection and distribution of data.
Viewers connect into servers and have full access to the collected data for viewing and
control actions.

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5. Question 13. List The Potential Benefits Of Scada.?
Answer :
a. Educed site visits and callouts
b. Predictive maintenance which allows proactive rather than reactive planning
c. The ability to view and adjust set points remotely
d. Reliability and robustness
e. Maximize productivity
f. Improve product quality
g. Reduce your operating and maintenance costs
h. Integrate with your business systems
i. Preserve your capital investment
6. Question 14. Mention Some Of The Application Areas Of Scada?
Answer :
Industrial process: chemical plants, power generation and distribution, Metallurgy etc and
nuclear process: reactors, nuclear waste etc.
7. Question 15. Define Scada.
Answer :
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is computerised hardware
and software based project that provides a single integrated view of all control and
information resources, enable engineers, supervisors, operators to view and interact with
the working of an entire operation through graphical representation of their product
process.

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8. Question 16. What Are The Major Areas Of Application Of Plc?
Answer :
1. Sequence control, timing, counting, and data calculation
2. Batch or continuous process control
3. Precise position/motion control
4. Open loop or feedback control, process data acquisition and display
9. Question 17. What Are The Advantages Of Plc Over Relays?
Answer :
1. They have to be hard-wired to perform a specific function
2. No hard-wire requirement
3. When the system requirement change, the relay wiring has to be changed or
modified
4. Can be easily changed or expanded through program
5. Higher power consumption
6. Lower power consumption
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10. Question 18. Explain The Functions Of Plc-input And Output Modules:
Answer :
1. Input interface modules accept signals from the machine or process devices (120Vac)
and convert them into signals (5Vdc) that can be used by the controller.
2. Output interface modules convert controller signals (5Vdc) in to external signals
(120Vdc) used to control machine or process.
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11. Question 19. What Is Ladder Logicdiagram?
Answer :
Ladder Logic Diagram is a symbolic language used in PLC. This diagram consist of series
of symbols interconnected by lines to indicate the flow of current through the various
devices. In ladder logic diagram the sides of the ladder forms the power sources and
current flows through the various –logic input devices that form the rungs of the ladder.
12. Question 20. Explain Advantages Of Plcs Than Hard Wired Relay?
Answer :
PLCs are highly reliable, easily programmable, Small and Inexpensive, PLCs can be
designed with the communication capabilities so they can converse with the local or
remote computer, They can sustain in robust environment less maintenance.