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R=Rd-feoRa-fsoRc
Rd = electron donor half reaction normalized at 1 e- eq and written as an oxidation half reaction
Ra = electron acceptor half reaction normalized to 1 e- eq and written as an oxidation half reaction
Rc = bacterial cell synthesis half reaction normalized to 1 e- eq and written as an oxidation half reaction
Electron Balance:
fso + feo = 1
Energy Balance: Energy required to synthesize new cells will have to come from the oxidation of the
electron donor. Thus:
fso(ΔGos’) = feo(ΔGoR’)
ΔGod’ = ΔGo’ for half reaction of 1 e- eq of electron donor, written as oxidation half reaction
ΔGoa’ = ΔGo’ for half reaction of 1 e- eq of electron acceptor, written as oxidation half reaction
= 7.5 kcal/e- eq
ΔGo’P = energy required to convert the cell carbon source to an intermediate stage
ΔGo’CS = ΔGo’ for carbon source half reaction, written as 1e- eq of carbon source in oxidation form
GENERAL EQUATION
m = +1 if ΔGo’P>0
m = -1 if ΔGo’P ≤ 0
OVERALL ENERGY BALANCE:
PROBLEM:
Given a wastewater that is essentially acetate. It is proposed to have this subjected to aerobic
oxidation in an activated sludge process. Write the overall reaction for biological growth. What is the
oxygen requirement if NH4+ is available to the heterotrophic bacteria as nitrogen source? Assume
energy efficiency is 60%. Compare the result (sludge production) if you decide to go anaerobic instead.
SOLUTION:
ΔGoR’ = -k(ΔGod’-ΔGoa’)
= 15.17 kcal/e- eq
This is the energy available to the cell for synthesis of new cell mass. Now compute for energy requirement
for cellular synthesis and equate it to the energy available. Thus:
= 7.5 kcal/e- eq
= -8.545 kcal/e- eq
ΔGo’P = energy required to convert the cell carbon source to an intermediate stage
= -6.609-(-8.545)
Thus,
= 10.73 kcal/e- eq
Energy Balance:
fso(ΔGos’) = feo(ΔGoR’)
R=Rd-feoRa-fsoRc
Rc: 1/20 C5H7O2N + 9/20 H2O = 1/5 CO2 + 1/20 HCO3- + 1/20 NH4+ + H+ + e- *-0.59
___________________________________________________________________________________
0.125CH3COO- + 0.1025O2 + 0.0295 NH4+ = 0.0955 HCO3- + 0.007 CO2 + 0.0955 H2O + 0.0295C5H7O2N
Sludge produced (aerobic) : 0.0295/0.125 = 0.236 mol C5H7O2 per mol CH3COO-