Experimental Study For Soil Testing in Laboratorium

Estuduesperimentalutiiza material rai mutin (embackment) baestradahusi suku Afaloikai, Postu administrativuUatu-karbcau, Munisipiu
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ABREVIATURA
Km = kilometru
m = metru
Cm = sentimetru
mm = milímetru
m2 = metrukuadradu
m3 = metrukubiku
g = grama
m/s = metru por segundu
m3/s = metrukubiku por segundu
kg/m2 = kilo grama por metrukuadradu
kg/m3 = kilo grama por metrukubiku
g/cm = grama por sentimetru
g/cm3 = grama por sentimetrukubiku
P = komulativupenetrasaun
Cn = rezultadupresaunhusi DCP ne’ebé sei prosesu
Cn-1 = rezultadupresaunhusi DCP ne’ebéhahu
K = konstante
A = todanhusibikanmamuk (weight of pan)
B = todanhusibikan + sampelorijinal (weight of pan+ sample original)
C = todanhusibikan + sampelmaran (weight of pan+ sample oven dried)

D = pezu be (weight loss)
E = pezu rai ho kondisaun maran (weight of oven dried sample)
F = kuantidade be husi representasaun kada sample (moisture content)
J = porsentu hela (percent retained)
Ni = todan ne’ebé hela (weight retained)
Mi = todan ne’ebé hela (weight retained)
Li = porsentu ne’ebé passa (percent passing)
LL = limite liquides
PL = limite plastic
IP = indeks plastisitas
Ws = pezu rai ho kondisaun maran (weight of oven dried sample)
Ww = pezu be (weight of moisture loss / weight of water)
W = kuantidade be (moisture content)
w = somatoriu husi kuantidade be (somatoriu moisture content)
Wo = todan rai ne’ebé bokon iha mold laran (weight of wet sample)
WA = todan mold + rai ho kondisaun bokon (weight of mold+sample)
WC = todan mold mamuk (weight of mold)
W1 = todan kontainer (weight of cont.)
W2 = todan kontainer + rai ho kondisaun bokon (weight of cont.+wet sample)
W3 = todan kontainer + rai ho kondisaun maran (weight of cont.+oven dry sample)
Vo = volume mold
Do = diametru mold
Lo = largura mold
b = densidade rai ho kondisaun bokon (density wet of soil sample)
d = densidade rai ho kondisaun maran (density dry of soil sample)

MC = kuantidade be (moisture content)
OMC = kuantidade be maximu (optimum moisture content)
MDD = densidade be maximu ho kondisaun maran (maximum dry density)
Etuduesprimentalbautiliza material rai mutin (Embankment)baetradahusi suku Afaloicai, Postu administrativu, Uato-carbau, Munisipiu
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1
INTRODUSAUN
1.1. FUNDU PROBLEMA

Timór-leste nu’udar nasaun foun, ne’ebé mak halo ninia restaurasaun independensia iha tinan 2002 no
hetan ukun rasikaan ona iha tinan 17 nia laran, signifika katak sei hasoru problema iha setór oin-oin
mak hanesan, infraestrutura ne’ebé mak haré liu ba konstrusaun Estrada, ida ne’e mós atu fó hanoin
mai ita katak nasaun ne’ebé foin mak hetan ukun-an sei iha dalan ba prosesu desenvolvimentu
teknologia no siaensia atu buka hatene, buat ne’ebé mak oras ne’e dadaun sei desenvolve hela iha setór
oin-oin.
Desenvolvimentu infraestrutura iha Timót-leste kona ba Estrada, iha ninia papel ne’ebé importante
tebes, tamba sai nu’udar matadalan ba lina transporte teretre ne’ebé mak hatutan husi fatin ida ba fatin
seluk, ho rajaun ida ne’e mak tenke tau atensaun masimu ba estrada sai mos papel importante tebes ba
iha ekonomia iha rai laran no ba desenvolvimentu setór ekonómia iha nasaun ida ne’e nia laran.
Atu aplika meta desenvolvimentu nasionál maka atu hadia Estrada tenke iha kontrola ne’ebé mak
adekuadu ka maximum nune’e Estrada ne’e iha kualidade ne’ebé mak di’ak hodi uza ba iha tempo
naruk nia laran. Tambá Estrada sai hanesan aspektu iportante ba desenvolvimentu nasionál.
Konstrusaun pavimentu Estrada iha nia estrutura kamada ba pavimentu hó nia prosesu material oin-
oin. Pavimentu Estrada hanesan sistema ida ne’ebé mak iha durasaun tempu naruk nia laran, tambá
ne’e mak Estrada a’at antes ne’e tenke iha planu ba pavimentu ne’ebé mak iha.
Hare ba konstrusaun pavimentu Estrada ne’ebé la diak iha Timór Leste agora dadaun ne’e, tamba ne’e
material sira ne’ebe atu uza ba kostrusaun ida tenke liu husi laboratrium ka halo teste ba material
refere mak ita hodi uza.
Bazeia ba peskiza ne’ebé halo teste ba kualidade materiais rai mutin ne’e . Hakerek na’in foti material
iha Afaloicai. Hó ida ne’e mak hakerek na’in hakarak halo estuda peskiza ba titilu” Estudu
esperimental utiliza Material Rai-Mutin (Embankment) ba Estrada husi Suku Afaloicai, Postu
Administrativu Uatu-carbau, Munisipiu Viqueque.
DepartamentuEngenharia Civil, FaculdadeEngenhariaCiencia e Tecnologia (UNTL)

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Estuduesperimentalutiliza material rai mutin (Embankment) baestradahusi suku Afaloicai, Postu administrativu Uato-carbau, Munisipiu
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1.2. FORMULASAUN PROBLEMA

Bazeia ba introdusaun ne’ebé mak mensiona iha leten mak hakerek na’in hakarak halo formulasaun
problema mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e:
a. Oinsa atu hatene kualidade material rai mutin teste laboratoriu nian.
b. Teste konteudu natural umidade original rai (w), ( water content).
c. Teste pineiramentu (sieve Analysis test).
d. Arrteberg limit teste.

e. Teste kompaktasaun (Proctor test).
f. Teste todan rasik ka specific Gravity (Gs).
1.3. LIMITASAUN PROBLEMA

Bazeia ba formulasaun ne’ebé mak mensiona iha leten mak hakerek na’in hakarak halo liamitasaun ba
problema mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e:
a. Teste konteudu natural umidade original rai (w), ( water content).
b. Teste pineiramentu (sieve Analysis test).
c. Arrteberg limit teste.
d. Teste kompaktasaun (Proctor test).

e. Teste todanrasik ka specific Gravity (Gs).
1.4. OBJETIVU ESTUDU

Objetivu husi hakerek monografia ida ne’e no bazeia bá inrodusaun ne’ebé temi iha leten, mak autór
iha objectivu mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e:
 Objetivu jeral
Hanesan kriteria ida oinsa atu hetan diploma hó nivel Licensiatura (S1) iha area Departamentu
Engenaria Civil, Faculdade Enjenaria Sinensia nó Tekgnolojia, Universidade Nasional TimórLoresa’e.
 Objetivu espesifiku
a. Oinsa atu bele kontrola kualidade material nó halo teste ba material ne’ebe utiliza ba kamada ateru.
b. Atu halo teste bakualidade material rai mutin.
2DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

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Estuduesperimentalutiliza material rai mutin(Embankment) ba Estrada husi suku Afaloicai, Postu administrativu Uato-carbau,
Munisipiu Viqueque
1.5. BENEFISIU ESTUDU

Benefisiu husi peskiza ida ne’e atu fo kontribuisaun kona ba oinsa atu hadia Estrada sira ne’ebe hetan
estragus no la iha kualidade ne’be diak, prinsipalmente ba material aterru (embankment) nian. Husi
resultadu peskiza ida ne’ebe le sai hanesan referensia ba peskizador hodi kontinua halo peskiza ba
material sira ne’ebe uza hodi ateru estrada.
1.6. SISTEMÁTIKU HAKEREK

Atu hakerek tuir sistematika ne’ebe iha hakerek nain aplika sistematika ne’ebe simu husi
Universidade:
KAPITULU I INTRODUSAUN
Koalia kona ba, Fundu Problema, Formulasaun Problema, Limitasaun Problema, Objektivu Estudu,
Benefisiu Estudu, Sistematika hakerek.
KAPITULU II ENKUADRAMENTU TEORIKU

Iha kapitulu ida ne’e sei koalia kona ba teoria ne’ebe mak sei utilize hodi sai referensia atu resolve
problema ne’ebe iha.
KAPITULO III METODOLOZIA PESKIZA

Iha kapitulu ida ne’e sei koalia kona ba mapa peskiza, tékniku halibur dadus, analiza dados, analiza
dados no flow chart peskiza.
KAPITULU IV ANALIZA NO DISKUSAUN

Iha kapitulu ida ne’e sei koalia kona ba halo analiza no diskusaun rezultadu peskiza.
KAPITULO V ENSERAMENTU
Iha kapitulu ida ne’e sei koalia kona ba konkluzaun no sujestaun.
Biblografia
Anexu
DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

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Munisipiu Viqueque

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Etuduesprimentalbautiliza material rai mutin (Embankment)baetradahusi suku Afaloicai, Postu administrativu, Uato-carbau, Munisipiu
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2
ENKUADRAMENTU TEÓRIA
2.1. DIFINISAUN RAI (SOIL)

Rai hanesan material ne’ebé konstitui husi mineral ne’ebé sólidu/ tós (fatuk rahun/Agregadu) mak la
sai sementi ida ho ida seluk, mai mós husi material organiku ne’ebé sai rahun, ho ida ne’e entre
mineral ne’ebé rahun iha espasu mamuk ne’ebé iha substánsia husi liquida no ar. Báinhira atu hala’o
planu ka projetu dalan ida, presiza atu hatene fator importante mak hanesan rai báziku/rai original ka
dalan ida ne’ebé mak sei hala’o konstrusaun bá. Atu halo planeamentu bá konstrusaun Estrada ka
dalan, dadus husi kapasidade suporta rai báziku (DDT)/(KSB), sai hanesan dadus ida bá iha
planeamentu, atu hatene kona-bá kondisaun husi rai báziku, Ita mós tenki hatene niaforsa ka
Resisténsia inklui mos orsamentu ekonomia bá folin konstruksaun dalan ne’e rasik. Tuir definisaun
tekniku jeralmente, difini katak rai hanesan material ne’ebé konsiste husi fatuk rahun/agregadu
mineral-mineral sólidu ne’ebé la iha ligasaun kimika entre ida ho ida seluk husi material sira organiku
ne’ebé mak hanesan partikula ne’ebé solidu ho estadu likidu (zat cair) no gasosu ida ne’ebé ense fatin
ne’ebé mamuk entre partikula solidu ne’e rasik. Rahun sai partikula solidu inklui mos substansia
liquidu no gas ne’ebé ense / hakonu espasu mamuk entre partikula solido ne’e rasik.[2]
Tuir teoria joseph E. Browles (1986) nian katak; definisaun Rai hanesan akumulasaun partikula
mineral ne’ebé la iha ligasaun entre partikula ne’ebé forma tambá fatuk nia rahun. Ida ne’ebé halo
ligasaun (ikatan) nee sai fraku, tambá influensia husi karbonu ou oksida no mos influensia husi
kontamina (kandungan) organiku.
Tuir teoria AAHSTO ( American Association Of State Highway And Transportation), Rai mak hanesan
kombinasaun husi partikula ne’ebé konsiste husi sira nee ida ou tipu hotu mak hanesan tuir mai nee;
fatuk rahun / kerikil (gravel), partikula fatuk ne’ebé ho medida 76.2 mm – 2 mm. rai-henek (sand)
partikula fatuk ne’ebé ho medida 2 mm - 0.075 mm. rai tahu (silt) partikula fatuk ne’ebé ho nia
medida 0.075 - 0.002, partikula mineral ne’ebé mamar / kabéer ho nia medida< 0.002.
Liafuan rai signifika material ida ne’ebé la’os fatuk, la inklui fatuk sira ne’ebé báze (bátuan dasar),
ne’ebé ezisti husi granulas mineral ne’ebé iha relasaun ne’ebé mak fraku, material organiku, bée no
gas ne’ebé ho nia variasaun oin-oin. Nee duni rai mai husi karakteristika oi-oin, mak: Rai organiku, rai
tahu, rai to’os, Rai-henek no fatuk rahun/Agregadu no mós nia kombinasaun sira.[1]
DepartamentuEngeñaria Civil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Tecnologia (UNTL)

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Figura 2.1–Rai Mutin
2.2. KARAKTERISTIKA RAI (SOIL)

Rai hus iBowles (1991) mak hanesan buat morin rua naran partíkula ne'ebé kompostu hosi ema ida ka
ema hotu-hotu kona-ba tipu hirak tuir mai ne'e:
a. Hamos (boulders), lejislasaun ida ne'ebé boot ba fatuk, no normalmente boot liu mm 250 ba 300
mm. Ba nivel entre mm 250 ba 250 mm, fragmen fatuk neʼe naran fulin (cobbles).
b. Britas (kerikil),fatuk particle dimensaun mm 5 ba 150 mm.
c. Rai-henek (rai-henek), partíkula fatuk hodi sukat fator mm 0,074 ba mm 5, ne'ebé hahú hosi coarse
(3-5 mm) ba fulin (mm 1 menus liu).
d. Rai tahu/Silt (lanau), dimensaun particle fatuk mm 0.002 ba 0.074 mm. Silt no clay iha barak mak
ema haree iha sedimentasaun depózitu ba tasi ka besik iha tasi-sorin iha mota sira-nia ibun.
e. Rai (clay), partíkula mineral ne'ebé ki'ik liu 0.002 mm. Partíkula hirak ne'e mak fonte ida ne'ebé
boot ba koezaun halo rai metin.
f. Kolloids (colloids), partíkula mineral sira "nonook" ki’ikliu 0.001 mm.
Prazu ba rai iha área rai ne'ebé bele uza mekánika inklui material hotu-hotu hanesan clay, rai-henek,
gravel. Métodu ne'ebé uza iha konstrusaun sivíl ba diferensa no hato'o oin-oin ba rai, ne'eduni tebes
diferente métodu ne'ebé uza iha geologia ka siénsia rai. Sistema klasifikasaun ne'ebé uza iha rai sira
ne'ebé mekánika ne'e iha intensaun atufó informasaun kona-ba propriedade ne'ebé tékniku kona-ba
material ne'ebé iha, nuneʼe mós, hanesan mós geologically deklarasaun ho objetivu atu fornese
informasaun kona-ba orijen jeolójika kona-ba rai argila.[1]
2.3. KLASIFIKASAUN RAI

Rai hanesan komposisaun agregadu mineral natureza ne’ebe bele fahe liu husi maneira mekaniku ida se
wainhira agregadu ne’e rasik kahur ho be’e kakompozisaun mineral, material organika no sedimentariu

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ne’ebe lokaliza iha fatuk nia leten. Rai hanesan kompozisaun mineral, material organiku no mos partikula
sira ne’ebe mak kahur malu ho diametru hanesan. Diametru ba partikula rai nia iha tipu oioin, husi
diametru boot liu husi 100 mm no too diametru ne’ebe mak kiik liu husi 0.001 mm. Rai ne’e forma husi
parte rua (2) ka tolu (3). Ba rai ne’ebe mak maran forma ba parte 2 deit mak fatuk no rahun no indise de
vasios ba anin. Rai ne’ebe iha kondisaun kahur ho be’e forma husi fatuk rahun no indise vazios be’e nia no
ba rai ne’ebe ho kondisaun la kahur ho be’e forma husi parte 3 nia mak hanesan fatuk rahun ne’ebe mak
kaer malu metin indises vazio anin nia no indises vazios be’e nia.Prossesu formasaun tuir fisiku ne’ebe
transforma fatuk sai partikula sira ne’ebe ki’ikoan ne’ebe mak hamosu influensia ba erosaun (rai halai),
anin, jelu, ema temperature no klima. Formasaun tuir kimiku mosu influensia husi oksijenio, karbon
dioksida no be’e. Iha tipu rai oioin ba klassifikasaun rai nia tuir terenu mak rai henek, fatuk rahun, silt
nonorganiku, no organiku,clay, organiku no tahu.
Klassifikasaun ba rai enjeralmente hanesan belit malu (ho koesaun) no rai ne’ebe la belit malu (la ho
koesaun). Uza sistema klassifikasaun la halakon nesesidade ba estudu ne’ebe klean liu atu koñese rai ka
oferese nesesidade ne’ebe sei determina teste ba karakteristika rai nia. (Bowles,1991).
Sistema klassifikasaun rai nia mak hanesan sistema klassifikasaun ida ne’ebe tuir sistematiku husi
karakteristika rai ne’ebe mak iha tipu hanesan iha grupu no sub grupo ba seia ba ninia utilizasaun
(Braja,M,das,1995).
Sistema klassifikasaun rai halo atu fo imformasaun kona ba karakteristika no tipu-tipu fisiku rai nian.
Tamba iha karakteristika oi-oin no forma rai ne’ebe uniforme liu, sistema klassifikasaun rai emjeralmente
atu halo grupo rai nia iha rai ne’ebe iha karakteristika fisiku ne’ebe hanesa. Klassifikasaun rai mos uja atu
halo estudu klean atu hatene kondisaun rai ho mos nesesidade atu teste hodi determina karakteristika
tekniku hanesan kompaktasaun, rai nia forsa, rai nia todan rasik no seluk-seluk tan (Josehp E. Bowles
1989).
Sistema klasifikasaun laos hanesan sistema identifikasaun atu determina karakteristika mekaniku no
jeotekniku. Ho nune’e, klasifikasaun rai laos dalan ida ne’ebe uja hanesan hun atu halo programa no halo
planeamento konstrusaun. Iha klasifikasaun rai babain uza mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e :
1.Sistema klasifikasaun rai unifikadu (USCS)
2.Sistema AASSHTO
Kosentrasaun kona ba A-8, turfa (gambut) no tahu determina ho klasifikasaun visual no la hatudu iha
tabela laran[2]

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Tabela2.1 Sistema Klasifikasaun Rai AASHTO
Grãnulos rai (35% ou menos husi exemplo hotu –hotu rai Rai limo – argila ( mais husi
Klasifikasaun ne’ebe liu ona husi pinheiro No. 200) 35% husi exemplo hotu –hotu
Geral rai ne’ebe liu ona husi pinheiro
No. 200)
A-1 A-3 A-2 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7
A-1a A-1b A-2-4 A-2-5 A-2-6 A-2- A-7-
Klasifkasaun
7 5*
grupo
A-7-
6**
Save Analise
Liu Husi (%) Maks
No. 10 50 Maks Min
No. 40 Maks 50 51 Maks Maks Maks Mak Min Min Min Min
No. 200 30 Maks Maks 35 35 35 s 35 36 36 36 36
Maks 25 10
15
Karakteristika
traksaun husi
No. 40
Limite Liquido Maks Min Maks Min Maks Min Maks Min
(LL) Maks 6 NP 40 41 40 41 40 41 40 411
Plastisiddade Maks Maks Min Min Maks Maks Min Min
Index (PI) 10 10 11 11 10 10 11 11
Grupo Index 0 0 0 4 maks 8 12 16mk 20
maks maks s maks
Tipo Material Fragamento Rai Agregado no rai henek ne’ebé Rai limo Rai argila
mais dominante fatuk, henek limo ou argila
Agregado no Fino
rai henek
Avaliasãun nivel Diak liu to’o diak Medio to’o la diak
rai material
bassico
Glosar : * Para A -7- 5, PI < LL – 30
** Para A-7-6, PI > LL – 30
2.3.1. USCS KLASIFIKASAUN RAI (UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SISTEM )

Sistema klasifikasaun rai ida ne’e primeiru husi Casa grande no tuir mai dezenvolve husi United States
Bureau of Reclamation ( USBR ), no United States Army Corps Of Engineer ( USACE ).Entaun
Americam Society For Testing and Material ( ASTM ),uza ha USCS hanesan metode standar uza ba
classifikasaun rai ne’ebe mak forma hanesan agora, sistema ida ne’e dalabarak uza servisu geotekniku.
Iha USCS nia laran, rai primeiru ida ne’ebe maka klasifika ba kategoria rua (2) maka tuir mai ne’e
Klasifikasaun prinsipal rai USCS nian kategoria ba rua:

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a. Rai grosu (berbutir kasar) kompostu hosi gravel no rai-henek no menus liu 50% hosi rai liu husi
pineira No. 200(F200 < 50). Símbolu hahú ho grupu G gravel (gravel) ka gravel (rai gravelly) ka S
ba rai-henek (rai-henek) ka sandy rai (sandy rai).
b. Rai Finu (berbutir halus) mak liu husi pineira No. 200 (F200 ≥ 50) liu 50%. Grupu símbolu ne'ebé
hahú ho M ba silt inorganic (inorganic silt), ka C ba inorganic rai argila (inorganic clay), ka O silt
orgánika no rai argila. Pt símbolu ne'ebé uza ba turf (peat), no fini ho konteúdu orgánika ne'ebé
aas.
Símbolu seluk ne'ebé mak uza klasifikasaun mak O ba diʼak graduado (mós graded), P bele hetan
graded negativamente (negativamente graded), L menus plasticity (plasticity ki'ik) no H aas plasticity
(plasticity a’as). Hanesan tuir Bowles, 1991 Prinsipál fini grupu iha sistema klasifikasaun Unified sira
hatudu iha Tabela 1 iha kraik.
Tabela 2.2.klasifikasaunfini USCS (Bowles, 1991)
Tipo Rai Prefix Sup Grupo Prefix

Gravel ( kerikil ) G Gradasi diak W
Gradasi aat P
Rai – Henek S Silt (berlanau) M
Berlempung C
Rai tahu /Silt ( lanau ) M
Argila/Clay (lempung ) C W 1 < 50 % L

Organik O W 1 > 50 % H
Turf ( gambut ) Pt
USCS amostra klasifikasaun sistema kampu visual iha amostra ida-idak. Ida-neʼe mak folin-boot atu
bele determina inspesaun oin mai bele presiza atu bele hatutan, klasifikasaun hanesan mós
komplementár sei hala'o hodi nune'e bele evita tabela laboratóriu la bele sala.
Fatin:
W = GradedDi'ak ( Rai ho gradation ne'ebé di'ak )

P =Negativamente Graded ( Rai ho gradasaun diak )
L = Plasticity Ki'ik ( Menus plasticity LL < 50 ),
H = Plastik ne'ebé A’as (plasticity aas, LL > 50

Sistema klaifikasaun ida ne’e bazeia ba kritériu hirak tuir mai ne’e:

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a. Partikle Dimensaun
Gravel: rai pineira diameter nian 75 mm (3 inches) no analiza iha pineira No. 10 (2 mm).Rai-Henek:
rai pineita No. 10 (2 mm) no analiza iha pineira No. 200 (0.075 mm).
Silt no clay: rai pineira No. 200
b. Plasticity
Naran silty (lanau) ne'ebé uza bainhira parte ne'ebé ma rai iha índise 10 ka menus. Naran argillaceous
ne'ebé uza bainhira parte ne'ebé mak finely plastis, plástis índise kona-ba rai iha índise ida kona-ba 11
ka liu.
Bainhira fatuk (dimensaun boot liu fali 75 mm) mak hetan iha amostra sira-ne'ebé mak sei determina
kona-ba klasifikasaun ba rai, fatuk, tenke hasai uluk. Maski nune'e, persentajen dileluarkan fatuk tenke
halo rejistu.[3]
2.4. ESTUDU ESPERIMENTAL UTILIZA MATERIAL RAI MUTIN IHA LABORATORIU

Konaba kualidade material wainhira projetu ida ne’ebe atu implementa ,presija material ne’ebe iha
kualidade atu uza ba konstrusaun refere. Hó ida ne’e, bazea ba estandarte ka espesifikasaun husi
norma ASSHTO nó ASTM ne’ebe uza iha kompanhia sai hanesan baze ida ne’ebé hodi garantia ba
kualidade material. Tamba ne’e wainhira atu define kualidade ba material rai mutin aterru
(embankmen) tenke liu husi teste laboratoriu.[6]
2.4.1. KONTEUDU BE’E

Ingredients: rai naturál sample todan grams 30 - 50 husi sample 2.
Dalan ba servisu ida ne'e bazeia ba ASTM D-2216, liu - liu:

Konsidera can/cawan atu uza no tau iha kopu specimen no tetu sira.
Tama iha can/cawan ne'ebé hatama sampel iha rai ho karasteriza ida kona-ba 1100c durante oras 24.
Konsidera kopu kona-ba amostra sira-ne'ebé iha ona, no sura persentajen konteúdu be’e.
Ensaiu ida atu identifika ka hatene montante bee ne’ebe iha espesimentu ida ne’ebe dehan persentazen
(%).
Teste material (Espesimentu ou amostra)
Espesimentu ka amostra katak espesientu ne’ebe sai hanesan rai ne’ebe atu teste, husi espesimentu
orijinal nomos la original ona.

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Espesimentu original (undisturbed sample) katak espesimentu ne’ebe foti husi kampu ho metode
estandar, kuidadu diretamente atu labele mudansa densidade (density), water contet no niafiziku,
iklima, ema no ekipamentu.
Espesimentu la original (disturbed sample) katak espesimentu ne’ebe disturbed ona nia water content,
densidadae (density) nomos nia fiziku.[7]
Todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste, depende ba nia medida butiran sira
Grau finu todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste mak 10 a 50 gr
Grau grossu todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste mak 50 a 100 gr
Ekuasaun:
Ms = Mb – Mc Ek.2.1)
Mw = Mc – Ma (Ek.2.2)
W = x 100 % (Ek.2.3)
Observasaun:
Ms :Todan Amostra
Mb :Todan kontainer + Rai ne’ebe hatama oven 24 horas
Mc :Todan Kontainer
Ma :Todan Kontainer + Amostra Original
2.4.2. PINEIRA/SIEVE ANALYSIS

Pineira mak hanesan porsentu husi agregadu ne’ebé passa husi saringan set ida. Analiza pineira (sieve
analysis) mak hanesan teste ba kontrolasaun hosi analiza sendimentu ne’ebé utiliza ho ekipamentu
sieve seiker no numeru pineira ne’ebé utiliza ba numeru 200 ho nia diametru (0,075) nee’bé hela
(tertahan)
Husi teste ne’e atu determina distribuisau rai rahun (butiran tanah) ne’ebé pasa ho pineira set ida, ho
nia formulasaun mak hanesan tuir mai ne,e.
Pineira mak hanesan porsentu husi agregadu ne’ebé passa husi pineira set ida (1). Analiza pineira ká
analiza ayakan (Syeve analysis) mak hanesan teste bá kontrolasaun husi analiza sediment ne’ebé
utiliza ho Ekipamentu pengetar nó numeru pineira ne’ebé utilize mak no.200 ho nia diamentru pineira
(0,075 mm) ne’ebé mak hela (tertahan).
Objetivu husi teste ne’e atu determina distribuisaun granulas (butiran-butiran) rai nian ne’ebé passa
ho pineira set ida, ho nia formulasaun mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e :[1]

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Figura.2.2- konjuntu Pineira
1) Kalkula valor porsentu husi rai ne’ebe hela ha pineira retained (%) husi retained split.
 Mi 
J(%) 100    (Ek. 2.4)
Total Mi 
Observasaun :
J = Porsentu husi rai ne’ebe hela ha pineirai retained (Retained split)
Mi = Todan husi retained (Retained split)
2) Kalkula todan ne’ebe hela husi valor kumulativu.
Ni(g)  Ni  Mi (Ek. 2.5)
Observasaun :
Ni = Todan ne’ebe hela iha pineira (retained) (Accomulative)
Mi = Todan ne’ebe hela iha pineira (retained )(Retained split)
3) Kalkula valor porsentu ne’ebe hela (retained)(%) husi valor komulativu.
 Ni 
Ki(%) 100    (Ek. 2.6)
Total Mi 
Observasaun :
Ki = Porsentu retained (Accomulative)
Ni = Todan retained (Accomulative)
Mi = Todan retained (Retained split)
4) Kalkula valor porsentu passing husi valor komulativu.

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Li(%) 100 - Ki (Ek. 2.7)
Observasaun :
Li = Porsentu passing (Accomulative)
Ki = Porsentu retained (Accomulative)
2.4.3. TESTE KOMPAKTASAUN (STANDAR PROCTOR)

Enerjia kompaktasaun (pemadatan) iha kampu bele hala’o husi makina rolu vibrasaun nó husi
kompaktsaun (pemadatan) material husi projetu refere. Teste iha laboratóriu laran uza tipu / metodu
proctor kompaktasaun rai ka amostra ba iha (mold) laran hodi halo kompaktasaun.
Objetivu teste kompaktasaun atu hatene kualidade material ka atu hatene (tentukan) kompaktasaun atu
uza iha terenu (lapangan) ho objetivu:
a. Hamenus objetu nó forsa bee tama iha rai laran (daya rembes airnya)
b. Hamenus influensia be’ene’ebé hasoru nia.
Iha teste kompaktasaun ita bele uza metódu rua mak :

a. Hala’o teste ba densidade kaman (standar procktor test)
b. Hala’o teste ba densidade todan (modified proktor test)
Husi diferente metódu rua ne’e mak enerjia hala’o teste, metódu proctor estandarizasaun halo enerjia
ho 600 kn-m/m bo’ot 600 Kn-m/ , enkuantu metódu modifikasaun halo enerjia 2700 kN-m/ .
Tuir mai ne’e tipu rua ne’ebé la hanesan mak atu teste hodi halo kompatasaun mak hanesan tuir mai
ne’e :
TABELA 2. 3. Metodu kompaktasaun ba proktor, standar proctor no modified ptoctor

Todan Total
Diameter Volume mol Total
Tipo rammer alturamonu kamadaakompa
mol (cm3) kamada
(penumpuk) ctasaun
Standar 101.6 mm 943.3 cm3 304.8 mm
2.475 (5.5 lbs) 25 3
proctor (4 in) (1/30 ft3) (12 in)
101.6 mm 943.3 cm3
25
modified (4 in) (1/30 ft3) 4.50 kg (10 457.2 mm
56
proctor 152.4 mm 2124 cm3 lbs) (18 in)
5
(6 in) (3/40 ft3)
Bainhira ita atu halo teste kompaktasaun, ita tenke halo uluk teste ba bee ne’ebé iha rai laran. Entaun
metódu standarte ida ne’e atu determina bee ne’ebé iha rai laran (kadar air) hó maneira halo maran ho

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fornu (pengeringan). Ne’ebé realize iha fornu laboratorium nian. Teste ida ne’e relasiona ho bee
ne’ebé iha rai nó oinsá kuantidade ne’ebé fó influensia ba kompatasaun rai.
Husi valor bee iha rai laran (kadar air) menus/kiik mak dala barak rai sai rizidu nó susar kompatasaun
sai metin. Antes be’e iha rai laran (kadar air) aumenta, rai sai menus. Ba bee ne’ebé a’as, todan
volume maran (kering) menus. Kuandu anin mós iha rai laran hotu, hetan obrigasaun atu sai momentu
iha kompaktasaun nia laran, rai sei iha pozisaun tuur nó valor volume ne’ebé maran sei sai maximu.
Hó ida ne’e kondisaun pratika ne’e susar atu atinzi.
Husi resultadu teste kompatasaun iha laboratóriu mak parametru ne’ebé halao iha terenu, mak
hanesan:
a. Bee iha rai laran optimun moistur content (OMC) hanesan bee iha rai laran, oinsá to’o iha
densidade ne’ebé maximum nó kompatasaun.
b. Kompatasaun maran maximum (MDD), presiza fó atensaun ne,ebé maximum ba kompatasaun iha
kampu labele hetan rezultadu direitamente kompara ho resultadu ba teste laboratoriu ne’ebé la
presiza halo korresaun.
Formulasaun : .................................,...................................................................(Ek 2.8)
.................................................................................................................(Ek2.9)
2.4.4. ATTERBERG LIMIT

A. Liquid limit (LL)
Definisaun husi Liquidu limite mak hanesan teor de água do solo (kadar air tanah) entre kondisaun bé
nó kondisaun plastis ne’ebé entre boot husi kondisaun plastis. Kondisaun liquid limit baibain
determina husi prosesu teste Casagrande (1948) ne’ebé susar tebes atu teliti bá tempu ne’ebé
determina ona hanesan dulas to’o 25x1 hodi determina ligasaun entre bé ho rai. Ekipamentu ne’ebé
utilize bá liquid limite mak hanesan figura 2.14.

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Figura 2.3, ilustrasaun kona-bá utilizasaun Ekipamentu Liquidu limite

Fonte, (Alat Casagrande dan Grooving tool (Hardiyatmo, 1992)
Ho niaformulasaun ne’ebé utilize hodi halo kalkulasaun mak hanesan tuir mai :
1) Kalkula pezu husi rai ne’ebé ho kondisaun maran (Weight of oven driedsampel).
W
s

 W b  Wc  (Ek. 2.10)
Observasaun :
WS = Todan husi rai ne’ebé ho kondisaun maran (Weight of oven driedsampel)
Wb = Todan kontainer + rai ho kondisaun maran (Weight of can.+oven (dry) sampel)
Wc = Todan kontainer (Weight of can.)
2) Kalkula pezu husi bé (Weight of moisture loss / Weight of water).
Ww  Wc Wb (Ek. 2.11)
Observasaun :
Ww = Todan bé (Weight of moisture loss / Weight of water)
Wa = Todan kontainer + rai ho kondisaun bokon (Weight of can.+(wet) sampel)
3) Kalkula kuantidade (water moisture content )husi representasaun sample (Moisture content).

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Wa  Wb 
W  
 Wb  W  100 %
 c 
(Ek. 2.12)
 Ww 
W    100 %
 WS 
Observasaun :
W = Moisture content (kadar air)
Wc = Todan kontainer (Weight of can.)
B. Plastic limit (PL)

Definisaun ba husi plastik limit mak hanesan teór de água bá rai ne’ebé iha parte okos entre plastis nó
minimu husi teór de água (batas plastis), atu hatene plastis rai nian tenki utiliza rai ne’ebé atu halo
teste, nó nia modelu teste hanesan modelu silinder ka kabuar ho nia diametro ± 3,2 mm (1/8 inchi)
ne’ebé utilizasaun vidru (kaca) nó tau liman iha leten tenki hanesan ho vidru atu nune’e rai nia modelu
ne’ebé halo teste hanesan broca (matabor), atu nune’e sampel husi teór de água (kadar air tanah)
hanesan plastis.
Tabela plastic limit (PL)
Tabela 2.4, Ilustrasaun kona-bá tabela (PL)

Tipo de solo (Macam
IP Karakteristiku Coesão(Kohesi)
tanah)
Noncoasão(Non
0 Non plastis Rai-henek
kohesif)
<7 Plastisitas menus (rendah) Lanau CoesãoKohesif
Em parte Coesão
7 – 11 Plastisitas naton (sedang) Lempung berlanau
(Sebagian kohesif)
> 17 Plastisitas boot (tiggi) Lempung Coesão (Kohesif)
Fonte : (Hardiyatmo, 1992)
Ho nia formulasaun ne’ebé utilize hodi halo kalkulasaun mak hanesan tuir mai :
1) Kalkula pezu husi rai ne’ebé ho kondisaun maran (Weight of oven driedsampel).
W  Wb  Wc  (Ek. 2.13)

s

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Observasaun :
WS = Pezu husi rai ne’ebé ho kondisaun maran (Weight of oven dried sampel)

Wc= Todan kontainer (Weight of can.)
2) Kalkula pezu husi bé (Weight of moisture loss / Weight of water).
Ww  Wc Wb  (Ek. 2.14)
Observasaun :

Wb =Todan kontainer + rai ho kondisaun maran (Weight of can.+oven (dry) sampel)
3) Kalkula umidade bee (water moisture content) husi representasaun amostra (Moisture content).
 Wa  Wb 
W    100 %
 Wb  Wc 
(Ek. 2.15)
 Ww 
W    100 %
 WS 
Observasaun :
W = Moisture content (kadar air)

Wb = Todan kontainer + rai ho kondisaun maran (Weight of can.+oven (dry) sampel
Wc= Todan kontainer (Weight of can.)
C. Indeks plastisitas (IP)

Indeks Plastisitas (IP) mak diferensa husi liquid limite nó plastic limit. Indeks Plastisitas (IP) hanesan
interval (jankauan) husi teór de água (kadar air) ne’ebé ho modelu plastis, karik kondisaun rai ho nia
IP boot, entaun rai nia granula (butiran lempung) barak. Karik nia valor IP menus hanesan silt (lanau)
oituan entaun nia teór de água (kadar air) mak menus sai hanesan rai ne’ebé ho kondisaun maran.
Limite (batas) husi indeks plastisitas, karakteristiku, ne’ebé hanaran Atterberg limit.
1) Teste rezultadu (Test result)

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LL  hare husi resultadu grafiku
PL 
W (Ek. 2.16)
 Cant.(cawan )
PI  LL  PL
Observasaun :
LL = Liquid limit
PL = Plastic limit
PI = Plastic index
w = Somatoriu husi moisture content
Objetivu husi teste ne’e atu hatene kondisaun liquid limite rai nian nó plastik limit bá IP rai nian
(untuk mengetahui kondsi tanah atau batas cair tanah dan batas plastis) ne’ebé ho nia.[6]
2.4.5. TESTE SPESIFIC GRAVITY (GS)

Specific gravity (GS) katak halo komparasaun (rasio) entre peso (berat) rai u’ut ne’ebe maran no peso
bee distiladu (distiled water) ho volume ne’ebe hanesan ho volume rai u’ut ne’ebe iha. Valor Gs ida
ne’e bele uja hodi hatene rai nia todan ho be’e nia todan, ho todan-volume nia valor bo’ot liu maka
(1.0).
Halo teste tuir nia prosedur ne’ebe mak iha atu bele hatene specific gravity ne’ebe mak atu uja iha
ne’e ,presija liu rai ne’ebe ho kabuar ho diametro menus husi 4,75mm (lolos saringan No.4.[2]
Tabela : 2.5 kriteria espesific gravity (GS)
Tipo Rai Spesific Gravity (GS)
Cascalho 2.65-2.68
Areia 2.65-2.68
Stile Anorganico 2.62-2.68
Argila Organico (Clay Organic) 2.58-2.65
Argila Anorganico (Clay Anorganic) 1.37
Relvado (peat) 4.1-1.80
Atu kalkula ba teste espesific gravity ho nia formulasaun mak tuir mai ne’e :

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Formulasaun
Kms =
Kms = mds – Md ........................................................................................................................(Ek 2.17)
...................................................................................................................(Ek.2.18

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3
METODOLOJIA PESKIZA
3.1. FATINFOTI AMOSTRA (SAMPLE)

Fatin ne’ebé mak hakerek na’in sei ba foti amostra (sample) Original hodi halo peskiza ba mak iha
Municipiu Viqueque, postu administrative Uatu-carbau, suku Afaloicai no fatin ne’ebe foti amostra
uzadu mak iha Munisipiu Baucau, postu administratvu Baigia, suku Haeconi.
Desizaun Autor foti Amostra Rai mutin ho objektivo atu hatene kualidade rai mutin rua refere. Tamba
kontrusaun Estrada iha fatin refere kompania la foti rai mutin iha suku, Afaloicai. Postu
Administrativo, Uatu-carbau, Minisipio, Viqueque, hodi ateru ba Estrada, maibe foti husi husi
Munisipiu Baucau, Postu administrative Baigia, Suku haeconi mak hodi ateru ba iha estrada Afaloicai.
Ho rajaun ida ne’e maka hakerek na’in halo estudu esperimental ba rai mutin rua refere hodi hatene
nia kualidade, ka ida ne’ebe mk tuir espesifikasaun ne’ebe mak iha, autor sujere katak bele uza mos rai
mutin refere hodi ateru ba estrada.
Afaloicai, Uatu-carbau
Figura3.1. Lokalizasaun PeskizabaAmostra Original.

(Fonte Google Map)

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Haeconi, Baigia
Figura3.2. Lokalizasaun PeskizabaAmostraUzadu.

(Fonte Google Map)
3.2. FATIN PESKIZA

Iha peskiza traballu final ida ne’e realize iha Laboratoriu Material no Laboratoriu Estrutura,
Departamento Engenharia Civil, Faculdade Engenharia Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Nacional
Timor Lorosa’e (UNTL).
LaboratoriumDepartament
o Eng. Civi
Figura 3.3 – Laboratorium Engenharia Civil Hera

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3.3. METODU TRABALLU

Iha peskiza traballu final ida ne’e hakerek nain utilize métodu tolu (3) mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e:
3.3.1. LEVANTAMENTU DADUS

Levantanmentu dadus hala’o ho metodu experimenta ba amostra (sampel) sira ne’ebe relasaun ho
vigas husi kondisaun oioin no lala’ok ne’ebe mak atu teste iha laborartoriu.
3.3.2. METODU PESKIZA

Ba pesquisa seintifiku presija espasu serbisu sira ne’ebé kondis nó regular atu nune’e hetan rezultadu
ruma nó mós resposta ne’ebé muito rasional nó bele responsabiza .Espasu serbisu sira hó maneira
sientifiku ne’ebe mensiona costumeiru mós hanaran metódu peskiza. Ho liafuan seluk, metodu
pesquisa hanesan espasus sira ou metódu ne’ebé utilize ba pesquisa problema ruma, materia,
indikasaun, akontesimentu ou seluk hó meius seintifiku hód irezulta resposta bele responsabilza.
Metódu ne’ebé ke implementa iha pesquisa ida ne’e mak metodu esprimenta hódi hetan rezultadu
dadus sira ne’ebé mak haforsa relasaun entre variavél sira ne’ebé hódi investiga. Metodu ne’e bele
implementa iha laboratoriu laran nó iha liur. Maibé, ba peskija ida ne’e esprimenta iha laboratoriu
laran deit.
3.3.3. ETAPA NO PROSEDURPESKIZA

 Teste kualidade material
Teste amostra rai ne’e halao iha laboratoriu Teste Rai iha fakuldade Engenharia Ciencia e Tecnologia
Departementu Engenharia civil, tuir estandarizasaun American Society for Testing Material (ASTM).
Teste ne’ebe utilize ba material rai-halai nian (land slide)
1. Propriedade fisika rai forma hanesan :
a. Teste konteudu natural umidade original rai (w)
b. Teste Granulametria (sieve Analysis test)

c. Teste todan rasik ka specific Gravity (Gs)
d. Teste artreberg limit
e. Liquit limit teste

f. Plastic limit test
g. Teste kompaktasaun

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3.3.3.1. TESTE WATER CONTENT (ASTM 2216)

 Objetivu :
Ensaiu ida atu identifika ka hatene montante bee ne’ebe iha esperimentu ida ne’ebe dehan persentazen
(%)
1. Ekipamentus :
a. Fornu, ne’ebe ho nia manas masimum (110 ± 5) c no Desikator

b. Dasi,
c. Moisture can
d. Spatula
Figura : 3.4.Ekipamentu test water content
2. Teste material (Espesimentu ou amostra)

Espesimentu ka amostra (sample) katak espesientu ne’ebe sai hanesan rai ne’ebe atu teste, husi
espesimentu orijinal nomos la original ona.
a. Espesimentu original (undisturbed sample) katak espesimentu ne’ebe foti husi kampu ho metode
estandar, kuidadu diretamente atu labele mudansa densidade (density), water contet no nia fiziku,
iklima, ema no ekipamentu.
b. Amostra la original (disturbed sample) katak espesimentu ne’ebe distribui ona nia water content,
densidadae (density) no mos nia fiziku.
Todan amostra ne’ebe atu teste, depende ba nia medida butiran sira
a. Se butiran halus todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste mak 10 a 50 gr
b. Se butiran kasar todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste mak 50 a 100 gr

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3. Prosedur teste :
a. Prepara material no sample ne’ebe ita presiza
b. Tetu todan moistur can ho kondisaun mamuk, numeru moisture can no mos (Mc) gr
c. Hatama espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste ba moistur can no tetu nia todan (Mcms) gr
d. Halo maran (hatama) espesimentu ho moistur can ne’eba fornu ho temperature 110oC durante 24
oras
e. Hasai no hatama ba desikator 10 minutu pois tetu nia todan (Mcds) gr
f. Wainhira halo teste ba water content espesimentu tenke esperimenta dala talu (mostur can)
4. Formulasaun :
formula ( rumus) water conten mk tuir mai ne’e :
a. Todan mosur can/kontainer + rai bokon.................................Ma grm

b. Todan mosur can/kontainer + rai maran.................................Mb gram
c. Todan mosur can/kontainer mamuk.......................................Mc grm
d. Water conten (berat air)..........................................................(Ma + Mb) grm
e. Todan material maran ............................................................(Mb – Mc) grm
f. Water conten (berat air) %.....................................................
3.3.3.2. TESTE TODAN RASIK KA SPESIFIC GRAVITY ( ASTM D-854-020)

Objetivu :Teste ne’e atu determina berat jenis rai ne’ebe iha nia butiran liu pinera numeru 200 ho
utilize ekipamentus piknometru. Berat jenis rai katak komparasaun entre berat butiran rai no berat air
sulin ne’ebe ense hanesan ba temperature refere
1. Ekipamentus :
a. Piknometru ho kapasidade 100 ml
b. Dasi
c. Fornu, ne’ebe ho nia pengaturan suhu hodi halo manas masimum (110 ± 5) c no Desikator no
d. termometru,
e. moisture can
f. Funil

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Figura : 3.5. ekipamentu teste espesific gravity
2. Material (amostra ka espesimentu)

a. Amostra seku (dry) husi fornu liu pineira numeru 200 ho nia todan 50 gr
b. Bainhira amostra ka amostra hodi halo teste dala ida nian tenke halo esperimenta piknometru 3
(tolu)
3. Prosedur teste :
a. Hakerek numeru piknometru, todan piknometru ho nia matan. Piknometru ne’e ho kondisaun
mamuk, moos no maran (Md) gr
b. Ense piknometru ho bee too nakonu ho mos nia matan kuak ense hotu no tetu nia todan (Mpw) gr
c. Loke piknometru nia matan sukat nia temperature ho termometru bee ne’ebe iha piknometru laran
no hakerek valor temperature bee ne’ebe iha piknometru laran ne’e (Tx)
d. Depois hasai fali bee ne’ebe iha piknometru laran ne’e mais ou menus 50% ,depois foti
espesimentu liu pinieru numeru 200 hatama ba piknometru tetu nia todan (Mpws) gr
4. Formulasaun :
a. Ms = Weight of sample of oven dry soil ( g )
b. Ms =Mds – Md
c. Gs =
–
3.3.3.3. PINEIRAMENTU /SIEVE ANALISYS (ASTM D 422)

 Objetivu :

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a. Ensaiu ou esperimentu atu determina rai nia klasifikasaun husi medida partikula, komesa husi
0.001 mm (colloid) too diametro 50.8 mm (gravel)
b. Ensaiu ne’e fahe Iha klase rua (2), klase primeiru parte ordinariu (coarser part), utilize pineru
(sieve) husi medida 2.00 mm too dimensaun 50.8 mm, Klase segundu parte optimu (finer part)
divididu ba maneira rua, maneira primeiru uitiliza pineru (sieve) medida 0.074 mm too medida 2.00
mm, maneira segundu ho analiza velosidade sendimentasaun partikula-partikula rai, utilize
ekipamentu specific Gravity (hidrometru) ba diametru partikula rai ne’ebe ki’ik liu husi 0.074 mm
c. Ilustrasaun kurva gradasaun partikula husi rezultadu teste hodi determina klasifikasaun partikula rai
1. Ekipamentu
ne’ebe mk uza ba teste sive analysis mak tuir mai ne’e
a. Pineru (sieve)
b. Sieve Shanker
c. Dasi
Figura.3.6. Teste Sieve Analisys
2. Teste Material (amostra ka espesimentu)

1. Amostra ne’ebe atu teste mak amostra rai tenke maran ho anin atu nune’ebe lapasa sieve sira ho nia
todan 2.50 kg a 3.0 kg
3. Prosedur teste :
a. Prepara equipamentus no Amostra / sampel.
b. Muda dasi/balance ba zero.

c. Amostra presija 500 gramas.
d. Tetu Pan ne’ebé atu tau amostra/sampel ba. (hakerek tiha nia grama ).
e. Ense Amostra /sampel ba pan ne’ebé tetu tiha ona.(Resultado tetu pan mamuk + Amostra ne’ebé
atu teste 500 gramas).
f. Fakar Amostra ne’ebé tetu tiha ona ba Pineira/Sieve ne’ebé preparadu ona.
g. Prepara Stopwatch.

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h. Tau ba Shanker hodi komesa grading/ doko Sieve ne’ebé kompletu ho amostra.
i. Tempu ne’e mak para 10 ou 15 minutus.
Formulasaun
a. Soil Retained = (Mass of sieve + soil Retained ) – (Mas of Empty sieve)
b. Percent Retained = x 100
c. Percent Passing = 100 - Percent Retained
3.3.3.4. ATERBERG LIMIT (ASTM D 4318)

Liquit Limit
Objetivu :
a. Ensaiu ka amostra atu determina valor water content ba limitasaun entre kondisaun plastisidade rai
sai fali likidu no dehan porsentu (%)
b. Dehan katak rai ba limitasaun likidu, bainhira rai (iha ekipamentu casagrande moisture can),
ne’ebe determina ona nia alur no rabat malu fali mais ou menus 1 cm ba blows 25 (N=25)
1. Ekipamentus :
a. Unit Ekipamentu Casagrande
b. cawan,
c. spatula,
d. dasi,
e. Fornu, ne’ebe ho nia pengaturan suhu hodi halo manas masimum (110 ± 5)ċ
f. grooving tool
g. pineru (sieve) numeru 40 (0.42 mm),
h. container
i. aquades

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Figura : 3.7 ekipamentu teste aterberg limit
2. Teste material (amostra ou espesimentu)

a. Amostra ne’ebe atu teste hamaran anin, liu pineru (sieve) Numeru 40 ho nia todan 500 grm
3. Prosedurteste :
a. Hili moistur can 4 ka 5 ne’ebe (mamuk, mos no maran) no tetu nia todan ho kodigu sira (Mc)
b. Tau espesimentu ba mangkok no aumenta bee oituan-oituan aumesmu uza spatula hodi kedok too
ita haree hanesan plastisidade.
c. Tau espesimentu ba iha container ekipamentu casagrande no hatetuk ho nia tebal mais ou menus liu
1 cm.
d. Halo alur ka coakan (grooving) ka hafahe espesimentu ne’ebe iha container ekipamentu casagrande
(grooving tool foti husi diresaun 12 ba diresaun 6).
e. Halo drobs (ketukan) ba container ekipamentu casagrande ne’ebe espesimentu ita hafahe ona too
drobs ne’ebe determina ita haree espesimentu rabat ka hakbesik ba malu 1.27 cm (1/2 inch)
f. Foti ka hasai oituan iha container ekipamentu casagrande nian tau iha moistur can ne’ebe ita hatene
ona nia todan pois tetu (Mcms)
g. Tau ou hatama moistur can no espesimentu ne’eba oven ne’ebe ho nia temperature 105oC ± 110oC
durante 24 oras.
h. Halo repetisaun husi trasu 2 too trasu 6 ba espesimentu ne’ebe nia water conten diferensa ba malu
espesimentu ne’ebe to’o 1.27 cm ba total drobs husi 25 ba leten no 25 ba kraik( < 25 > ) rua-rua.
i. Foti mostur can espesimentu iha oven ne’e halo malirin ho desikator pois tetu (Mcds)

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Plastic limit PL
 Objetivu
a. Esperimentuou teste atu determina limitasaun valor water content (WP), ba espesiemntu rai, husi
kondisaun semi plastisidade sai fali plastisidade dehan persentazen
b. Dehan rai katak limitasaun plastisidade, wainhira rai refere komesa hatudu kotu-kotu ± 1.5 cm ho
Ø 3 mm, bainhira ita dulas-dulas rai refere uza liman iha vidru leten
2. Ekipamentus
a. Vidru ho nia medida 30cm x 40cm x 1cm
b. Cawan
c. Fornu ho Desikator
d. Dasi
e. Spatula
f. Container
Figura : 3.8 Ekipamentu teste plastik limit no liquid limit
3. Teste material (amostra ou espesimentu)
a. Espesimentu ou amostra ne’ebe atu teste tenke hamaran anin no liu pineru numeru 40 ka
dimensaun 0.42 mm
a. Prosedur teste :
b. Prepara plat vidru no container water content no tetu nia todan ho nia numeru

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c. Hasai amostra husi desikator (ne’ebe ita uza ona ba teste liquit limit no komu atu nune’enia water
content hanesan hotu no halo hanesan bola ki’ik tau ba iha plat vidru leten
d. Komesa hili ida-idak, uza liman halo dulas ba mai too diametru ka dimensaun ne’ebe refere no ita
hare nia komesa kotu-kotu (retak) Ø 3mm ±1.5 cm
e. Rezultadu amostra refere halo ba sample tolu ka container tolu ka liu tetu tau ba fornu durante 24
horas ho temperature 110oC.
f. Liu tiha 24 horas hasai husi fornu laran halo malirin iha desikator pois tetu hetan nia water content
ida-idak halo average.
4. Formulasaun (rumus) :
a. Water cotent (W) =
b. Mass of Soil ( Ms ) = Ma – Mb
c. Mass container ( Mc ) = Mb – Mc
3.3.3.5. TESTE BA KOMPAKTASAUN (COPACTION)

 Objeetivu :
Teste material ba kompaktasaun ida nee atu hatene kompaktasaun material neebe mak iha atu uza ba
ateru strada, material neebe mak iha tenke responde ka tama padraun neebe mak iha hodi bele uza ba
iha terenu.
1. Ekipmentus
a. Mol (tabung silinder)
b. Rammer (
c. Conainer mamuk
d. Dasi (timbang)
e. Oven
Figura 3.9 : ekipamentu kompaktasaun proktor teste

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2. prosedur teste standar proctor

a. Prepara container mamuk ne’ebe mos, no tetu nia todan idak idak
b. Tetu mol nia todan mamuk
c. Prepara rai mutin ne’ebe ita presiza atu halo kompaktasaun, nia todan mais ou menus 3-4 kg,
no halo maran iha oven laran durante 24 oras.
d. Hasai rai mutun iha oven laran, husik nia malirin mak aumenta be’e mais ou menus 3 % husi
rai nia todan
e. Tau rai bs ihs mol silinder
f. Halo kompak halo tetuk didiak iha mol nialaran, baku ho 25 vezes
g. Aumenta rai to’o layar tolu
h. Hasai collar ho kuidadu para rai ne’be iha collor laran labele nakfera
i. Halo retuk rai nia oin ne’ebe iha mol nia laran ho kaber
j. Hasai rai oituan ne’ebe iha mol laran parte leten iha nia klaran, hodi tau iha kontainer mamuk,
hodi hatene be’e ne’ebe iha rai (kadar air)
k. Tetu kontainer no rai hodi ba tau iha oven durante 24 oras nia laran, oven nia manas ou
temperatura ho ± c durante 24 oras

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3.4. FLOW CHART PESKIZA

Etapa peskizasirabele hare direita(schematic hó forma flow chart):
Estrutura Ba Peskiza
komesa
Prepara material
Dadus Rekolha dadus

primer
Teste material iha
laboratorium
1. Teor da agua
2. sieve analisis
3. specific gravity
4. proktor test
(compacsion)
5. atterberg limit
a) Líquid limit
b) Plástic limit
c) Index limit
espesifikasaun
Diskusaun nó
resultadu
NO
yes
Konklusaun
nosujestun
sujestaun
remata
Figura3.10. Estrutura Ba Peskiza

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4
ANALIZA DADUS NO DISKUSAUN
4.1 FOTIAMOSTRA (SAMPLE)

Rai-mutin ne’ebe hodi halo teste/estudu esperimental ba embankment estrada ne’ebefoti husi area ,
sucu Afaloicai,Postu Administrativu Uato-Carbau, MunisipiuViqueque, ho naran Amostra Original,
no mos Rai ne’ebe foti husi, sucu Haconi, Postu Administrativu Baigia, Munisipiu Baucau.Amostra
rai ne’ebe foti nu’udar rai ne’ebe representa iha local refere. Foti amostra rai konturbada tuir ho
nesesidade ka persiza amostra rai minimal, tipo ida (1) caron ida (1) ho fatin ne’be seguru.
Amostra Original AmostraUzadu.

Fonte :Afaloicai, Uato-Carbau Fonte: Haeconi, Baigia
Figura : 4.1. foti amostra (sampel)
Teste amostra rai ne’e halo iha Laboratorio Fakuldade Engenharia Ciensia e Tecnologia,
Departamento Engenharia Civil, UNTL. Tuir estandarizasaun American Society for Testing

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Material (ASTM).Teste ne’e refere, utiliza material raimutin (embankment) hodi ateru estrada,
Propriedade fisika rai forma hanesan:
a. Teste Granulametria (sieve Analysis test).

b. Teste konteudu natural umidade original rai (w), ( water content).
c. arrteberg limit teste.
d. Compaction test (Proctor test)

e. Teste todan rasik ka specific Gravity (Gs).
4.2 REZULTADU TESTE BÁ MATÉRIAL

Iha parte ida ne’e hakerek na’in sei fó sai konabá rezultadu husi peskiza ne’ebé mak durante ne’e
hakerek nai’n halo estudu esperimental iha Laboratorium Departamento Engenharia Civil, Faculdade
Engenharia Ciências e Tecnologia - UNTL.
4.3 REKAPITULASAUN RESULTADU ESPERIMENTAL BA MATERIAL RAI MUTIN

(EMBANKMEN)
Tabela : 4.1 Rekapitulasaun resultadu dadus husi esperimental ba material rai mutin (Embankmen)
No Tipu investigasaun Resultadu investigasaun
Original Uzadu
1 Water content (%) 14.064 11.987
Specific Gravity Gs (%) 2.65 2.66

2
Teste saeve analisys
3
Cu (mm) 100 100
Cc (mm) 9 2
Aterberg limit
4
Liquid limit 23.69 20.05
14.29 10.00
Plastic Limit
9.4 10
Index Plasticity
5 compatasaun : MDDɤdmax 2.00 2.065

OMC 10.00 7.0

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4.4 REZULTADU TESTE WATER CONTENT

Husi resultadu teste water conten hetan valor
Tabela 4.2 resultadu teste water content
Sample Original Uzadu
No.container 37 22 33 9 43 11
Mass of wet Soil + cont 91.843 7.682 100.651 100.207 82.673 76.856
Mass of dry soil + cont 83.719 79.678 93.046 93.709 75.754 72.027
Mass of cont 29.292 27.793 28.81 28.814 28.711 29.068
Mass of dry 54.427 51.885 64.236 64.895 47.043 42.959
Mass of water 8.124 8.004 7.605 6.498 6.919 4.829
w %= * 100 14.926 15.426 11.839 10.013 14.708 11.241
Average w % (kadar air 14.064 11.987

rata-rata)
Fonte : (Resultadu peskiza iha lab. Dep Civil, FECT, UNTL)
4.5 RESULTADU KALKULASAUN BA TESTE ATERBERG LIMIT

Husi resulted ne’ebe mak halo teste iha laboratorium. Hakerek nain sei halo kalkulasaun atterberg
limit, plastiku limit no index plasticity, utiliza formula mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e;
 Kalkulasaun plastiku Limit

1. Weitght of Dry Soi, g
W5 = wa - wb
2. Weinght of moiture
Ws = wb– wc
3. Moisture Content, %
W6

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Tabela 4.3 : resultadu teste plastic limit

TEST PLASTIC LIMIT
Variable NO
Uzadu
Number of Blows Var. Units Original
N blows 1 2
Can Number --- --- 5 50

Mass of wet sample+can
Mwsc (g) 29.7 31
Mass dry sample+can
Mdsc (g) 29.6 30.7
Mass of can
MC (g) 28.9 28.7
Mass of water
Mw (g) 0.1 0.2
Mass of dry soil
Mds (g) 0.7 2
Water Content
W (%) 14.29 10.00

Husi resultadu ne’ebe mak halo teste iha laboratorium. Hakerek nain sei halo kalkulasaun atterberg
limit plastiku limit no index plasticity, utiliza formula mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e :
 Kalkulasaun liquid limit

1. Weitght of Dry Soi, g
W5 = wa - wb
2. Weinght of moiture
Ws = wb– wc
3. Moisture Content, % liquid limit
W6

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Tabela 4.4 : Resultadu teste liquid limitAmostra Original.

TEST
LIQUID LIMIT
Sample Orginal
Variable
No 1 2 3 4
No.of Droping 37 31 26 16
No. of can 22 39 30 33 9 43 10 40
Mass of wet 42.1 41 37.2 38.1 37 34.2 36.1 38.2
sample+can
Mass of dry 39.2 38.2 35.7 36.6 35.9 33 33.9 37.4
sample+can
Mass off can 27.7 27.7 28.8 28.7 28.8 28.6 29 28.6
Mass of water 2.9 2.8 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 2.2 0.8
Mass of dry soil 11.5 10.5 6.9 7.9 7.1 4.4 4.9 8.8
Water Content 25.942 26.667 21.79 18.987 15.493 27.273 44.898 9.091
Average 25.942 20.363 21.383 26.994
LL 23.67
Tabela 4.5 : resultadu teste liquid limitbaAmostraUzadu.
TEST LIQUID LIMIT
Sample Uzadu
Variable
No 1 2 3 4
No. of can 24 50 11 26 4 27 45 43
Mass of wet 38.4 41.1 45 36.1 39.3 39.2 40 40.1
sample+can
Mass of dry 36.6 39.2 42.3 35.1 37.9 37.4 37.7 37.7
sample+can
Mass off can 28.7 27.7 29 27.8 27.7 27.8 27.8 28.8
Mass of water 1.8 1.9 3.1 1 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.5
Mass of dry soil 7.9 11.5 13.3 7.3 10.2 9.6 9.9 8.8
Water Content 22.785 16.522 23.308 13.699 13.725 18.750 23.232 28.409
Average 19.653 18.503 16.238 25.821
LL 20.05

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Husi resultadu ne’ebe mak halo teste iha laboratorium. Hakerek nain sei halo kalkulasaun index
plasticity, utiliza formula mak hanesan tuir mai ne’e :
 Kalkulasau Plasticity Index ba Amostra Original;
IP = LL- PL
IP = 23.67 – 14.29
IP = 9.4
 Kalkulasaun plasticity Index ba AmostraUzadu;
IP = LL- PL
IP = 20 – 10.00
IP = 10
Tabela 4.6 : resultadu teste Plasticity Index;

Liquid Limit (LL or wL) (%): 23.67 20
Plastic Limit (PL or wP) (%): 14.29 10.00
Plasticity Index (PI) (%): 9.4 10
USCS Classification: CL
Figura 4.2 :Grafiiku moisture content % liquid limit testbaamostra Original.

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Figura 4.3 :Grafiiku moisture content % liquid limit testbaamostraUzadu.
Figura 4.4 :Grafiiku moisture content % liquid limit testbaAmostra Original.
Figura 4.5:Grafiiku moisture content % liquid limit test ba Amostra Original.

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Tuir resultadu grafiku moiture content % liquid limit teste ba amostra original tama iha klasa A-2-4,
no amostra uzadu tama iha klassa A-2-6, tamba ne’e tuir resultadu material rai mutin refere ho
kualidade ne’ebe diak,bele uza ba ateru estradas la presiza kahur tan ho material seluk.
4.6 RESULTADU KALKULASAUN BA TESTE SPESIFIC GRAVITY (GS)

Husi Rezultadu ba teste Specific Gravity ho nia valor 1.56% ho utiliza formula 3.2.1.
Tabela 4.7: resultadu analiza dadus ba teste Specific Gravity (Gs)

Measurement/Calculation Variable Units Original Uzadu
1 2 3 1 2 4
Mass of Pycnometer + Water + Mpws --- 167.4 163.5 162.0 167.1 160.8 157.5
Soil
Temperature Tx (g) 25 25 25 25 25 25
Mass of Pycnometer + Water @ Mpw (g) 155.8 152.2 150.7 155.5 149.5 146.1
Tx
Pycnometer Number --- --- 4 6 9 16 81 87
Mass of Pycnometer Md (g) 50.8 46.9 48.8 49.3 41.8 43.8
Mass of Pycnometer + Oven Mds (g) 67.8 66.7 67.7 66.2 61.3 63.2
Dry Soil
Mass of Oven Dry Soil Ms (g) 17.00 19.80 18.90 16.90 19.50 1940
Conversion Factor @ Tx K --- 0.9988 0.9988 0.998 0.9988 0.998 0.998
(ASTM D854 Table 2) 8 8 8
Specific Gravity of Soil Gs --- 3.14 2.33 2.48 3.18 2.38 2.42
2.65 2.66
Tabela: 4.8 specific gravity ba mostra Original.
Tipu Rai Specific Gravity (Gs)
Gravel 2.65 – 2.68
Raihenek 2.65 – 2.68
Lanau Anorganiku 2.62 – 2.68
Lempung Organiku 2.58-2.65
Lempung Anorganiku 1.37
Gambut 1.25 – 1.80

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Tabela: 4.9 specific gravity ba mostra Original.
Gravel 2.65 – 2.68
Raihenek 2.65 – 2.68
Lempung Organiku 2.58-2.65
Gambut 1.25 – 1.80
Tuir resultadu teste spesifik gravity (GS) nia resultadu hetan valor 2,66 tuir tabele sistema AASHTO
standar spesific gravity nia tama ba iha tipu rai Lanau anorganiku bele mosta tama ba iha tipu rai
raihenek no tipu rai gravel.
4.7 RESULTADU KALKULASAUN BA TESTE SIAVE ANALYSIS

Resultadu husi teste ne’ebe mak halo iha laboratoriu kona ba sieve analyse ba material rai mutin mak
hanesan tuir mai ne’e.
Tabela : 4.10. Resultadu teste sieve analysisbaAmostra Original.

sieve Sieve mass of mass of oven-dry mass mass
diameter number sieve+ empty mass of percentage % comulatif percentage
sample sieve remaining remaning passing sieve
sampel
Mm g g m(d) g 100∑ 100(1-∑
m(d)/ms (%) m(d)/ms) (%)
19 3/8'' 566.9 521.9 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
9,5 3/4'' 804.2 516.8 287.4 8.21 8.21 91.8
4,75 4 1081.7 458.3 623.4 17.81 26.0 74.0
2 10 1232.3 468.3 764 21.83 47.9 52.1
0.85 20 887.3 411.6 475.7 13.59 61.4 38.6
0.25 60 726.9 368.5 358.4 10.24 71.7 28.3
0.106 140 562 343.5 218.5 6.24 77.9 22.1
0,075 200 409.2 320.7 88.5 2.53 80.5 19.55
0,001 Pan 608.8 394.5 214.3 6.12 86.6 0,000
3030.2

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Tabela : 4.11. resultadu teste sieve analysis ba AmostraUzadu.

sample sieve remaining remaning passing sieve
sampel
Mm g g m(d) g 100∑ 100(1-∑
m(d)/ms (%) m(d)/ms) (%)
19 3/8'' 975.1 521.9 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
9,5 3/4'' 871.6 516.8 354.8 10.14 10.14 89.9
4,75 4 922.5 458.3 464.2 13.26 23.4 76.6
2 10 1047.8 468.3 579.5 16.56 40.0 60.0
0.85 20 842 411.6 430.4 12.30 52.3 47.7
0.25 60 742.8 368.5 374.3 10.69 62.9 37.1
0.106 140 659.2 343.5 315.7 9.02 72.0 28.0
0,075 200 395.1 320.7 74.4 2.13 74.1 25.91
0,001 Pan 474.9 394.5 80.4 2.0 76.4 0,000
2673.7
Fonte : (Resultadupeskizaiha lab. Dep Civil, FECT, UNTL)
Figura.4.6: Grafiku teste sieve analisys ba amostra Original.

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Figura.4.7 : Grafiku teste sieve analisys ba amostra Uzadu.
Antes halo kalkulasaun medida efektivu (effective size), koefisiente uniforme (uniformity coefficient),
no koefisiente gradsaun (koefficent of gradation ). Diameter kurva medida granulasaun ne’be liu husi
peneira 10 % define hanesan medida efectivu (D10) alende D10 = 0,5precisa hatama valor D30 = 1 no
D60 = 2. Valor D hetan husi kurva % diametro partikula (mm).
KoefisienteUniforme
 Cu = D60 / D10
Amostra Origina : Amostra Uzadu:

Cu = 3.0/0.03 Cu = 2.0/0.02
Cu = 100 mm Cu = 100 mm
Koefisiente curvatura
 Cc = D302/D10xD60
Amostra Origina : Amostra Uzadu:
Cc = (0.302)/(0.03x 3.0) Cc = (0.152)/(0.02x 2.0)

Cc = 1 mm Cc = 1 mm

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4.8 RESULTADU KALKULASAUN BA TESTE KOMPAKTASAUN HO METOD STANDARTE

Resultadu kalkulasaun peskija ba teste kompaktasaun ho nia tabela mk tuir mai ne’e :
Tabela : 4.12. Resultaduba teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Original.
Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number
Mass of soil 5375.000 5462.000 5565.000 5689.000 5716.000 5670.000

+ mold
Mass of 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00

mold
Mass of soil 1715.00 1802.00 1905.000 2029.00 2056.00 2010.000
Wet density 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
Can number 29 37 39 11 33 43 9 22 10 50 26 24
Mass of 27.80 27.60 27.70 27.60 28.70 28.60 28.8 27.7 29 27.7 27.9 27.6
empty can
Mass 5000.0 5000.0 61.60 63.30 63.20 57.70 56.4 59.1 66.6 59.9 70.3 73.1
can+sol 0 0
(wet)
Mass 4875.0 4875.0 60.30 61.90 61.20 56.10 54.2 56.3 63.1 56.7 65 67.7
can+Soil 0 0
(Dry)
Mass of soil 4847.2 4847.4 32.40 34.30 32.50 27.50 25.4 28.6 34.1 29 37.1 40.1
0 0
Mass of 11125. 125.00 1.30 1.40 2.00 1.60 2.2 2.8 3.5 3.2 5.3 5.4
water 00
Water 2.6 2.6 4.0 4.1 6.2 5.8 8.7 9.8 10.3 11.0 14.3 13.5
content W
Average W 2.6 4.0 6.0 9.2 10.6 13.9
Dry density 1.80 1.86 1.93 2.00 2.00 1.90

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Tabela : 4.13. Resultaduba teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Uzadu.
Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number
Mass of soil 5390.000 5527.000 5650.000 5690.000 5732.000 5743.000

+ mold
Mass of 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00

mold
Mass of soil 1730.00 1866.00 1988.00 2027.00 2072.00 2078.00
Wet density 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
Can number 22 50 45 4 11 37 40 10 30 29 27 47
Mass of 27.60 28.90 27.80 27.80 29.00 29.20 28.6 27.7 28.8 27.8 27.9 27.8
empty can
Mass 5000.0 5000.0 58.10 59.10 68.20 62.30 68.3 58.4 66.8 60.2 56.6 59.7
can+sol 0 4987.0
(wet) 0
Mass 4987.0 4987.0 57.50 58.30 66.40 60.80 66.2 56.6 64 57.5 53.9 56.5
can+Soil 0 0
(Dry)
Mass of soil 4959.4 4858.1 29.70 30.50 37.40 31.60 37.6 28.9 35.2 29.7 26 28.7
0 0
Mass of 13.00 13.00 0.60 0.80 1.80 1.50 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.2
water
Water 0.3 0.3 2.0 2.6 2.04 4.7 5.6 6.2 8.0 9.1 10.4 11.1
content W
Average W 0.3 2.3 4.8 5.9 8.5 10.8
Dry density 1.86 1.96 2.04 2.1 2.06 2.02

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Figura : 4.8 Grafiku teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Original.
Figura : 4.9 Grafiku teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Uzadu.
Bazea ba resultadu teste kompaktasaun ida nee iha valor Max dry density ba Amostra Original =
2.00 g/ccnoAmostraUzadu =2.065 g/cc nia valor Optimum mosture content % ba amostra Original
hetan = 10.00 % no Amostra Uzadu =7.0.
Tuir padraun ne’ebe iha valor Max dry density tenke liu valor >2.00 mak foin tama kriteria padraun
ne’ebe maka iha. Maibe na realidade, resultadu teste tama duni iha kriteria ne’ebe maka iha, tamba
hetan resultadu liu valor > 2.00.

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5
KONKLUZAUN NO SUJESTAUN
5.1. KONKLUZAUN
Bazeia ba analize no kalkulasaun peskiza ne’ebe hakerek na’in halao teste ba kualidade material rai
mutin iha laboratoriu, UNTL, Fakuldade engenharia ciencia e tegnologia no Departamentu engenharia
civil nian maka tuir mai hakerek nain halo konkluzaun katak:
1. Hosi resultadu analiza dadus ba water content ne’ebe hetan resultadu bavalor Amostra Original=
14.064 no Amostra Uzadu= 11.987
2. Hosi resultadu analiza dadus ba atterberg limit ne’ebe husi ;
a. liquid limit hetan resultadu ba valor Amostra Orignal LL = 23.69 %, no Amostra Uzadu LL=
20%
b. plastik limit hetan resultadu ba valor Amostra Original PL = 14.29 %, no Amostra UzaduPL=
11 %
c. plastik index hetan resultadu ba valor Amostra Original PI = 9.4 %, Amostra UzaduPI= 10%
bazeia ba resultadu refere autor konklui katak rai refere diak ka ho kualidade ne’ebe diak no to’os hodi
halo ateru ba estrada ka konstrusaun ruma tamba rai refere nia valor IP (Index plastic) ne’ebe tuir
padraun < 12 %
hosi resultadu analiza dadus ba teste Specific Gravity (Gs) htan resultadu ba valor Amostra Orignal
Gs = 2.65 no Amostra Uzadu G= 2.66, Ho resultadu ida ne’e bazea ba tabela spesific gravity tama ba
gategori klasificasi rai Gravel.
3. Hosi resulta analiza dadus ba teste seave anlisys

4. hosi resultadu analiza dadus ba teste kompaktasaun material hetan resultadu ho nia valor maximum
dry density (yd max) ou MDD husi Amostra Original = 2.00 g/cm, Amostra Uzadu=2.065 g/cm,
no mos nia optimum moiture content OMC husi Amostra Original = 10.00%, no Amostra
Uzadu=7.0%,

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5. Hosi resultadu analiza dadus ba Amostra Original, Grop index hetan GI = -3, no Amostra Uzadu,
Grupo Index hetan GI= -1, Bazea ba resultadu material refere tuir tabela Sistema Klasifikasaun
Rai AASHTO rai mutin husi Amostra Original tama iha klase A-2-4, no Amostra Uzadu tama iha
klasse A-2-4. Tipo Material mais dominante, Agregado no rai henek ne’ebé limo ou argila.
5.2. SUJESTAUN
Atu hatene klean liu konaba karakteristika rai nian ho konkluzaun iha maka hakerek nain sujere katak:
1. Tenke halo estudu klean liu iha parte geoteknia nian antes atu halo konstrusaun hanesan Estrada,
ponte, edifisiu, no seluk tan. Hodi nune’e bele asegura ba iha konstrusaun refere.
2. Sujere mos atu uza rai mutin neebe maka hakerek nain halo esperimental iha laboratorium, ba iha
Estrada liliu iha kamada ateru (Embankment), tamba rai mutin refere tama kriteria ka tuir
espesifikasaun neebe iha.
3. Estudante, hirak ne’ebe iha satisfasaun ho tópiku ne’e no atu kontinua karik bele fó hanoin atu
dezenvolve diak liu tan ho hanoin konstrutivu iha futuru.

Munisipiu Viqueque
Referensia No Bibliografia
1. Buku mekanika tanah (prinsip prinsip rekayasa geoteknis)
2. Buku mekanik tanah (untuk tanah endenap)

3. Buku ajar estabilisasai tanah
4. Perencanaan penangulangan lonsoaran pada proiek jalan di lokasi Bayah, provinsi Banten pada
STA 2 + 920 S.D STA 3 + 920
5. Buku pengujian tahah
6. Livru standarte laboratoriu nasional nian

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Munisipiu Viqueque
ANEKSU TABELA
Tabela : 4.1.Rekapitulasaun resultadu dadus ba teste kualidade material rai mutin (timmbunag)
No Tipu investigasaun Resultadu investigasaun
Original Uzadu
1 Water content (%) 14.064 11.987
Specific Gravity Gs (%) 2.65 2.66

2
Teste saeve analisys
3
Cu (mm) 100 100
Cc (mm) 9 2
Aterberg limit
4
Liquid limit 36.11 26.66
14.29 5.00
Plastic Limit
21.825 21.658
Index Plasticity
5 compatasaun : MDD 2.00 2.065

OMC 10.00 7.0

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Tabela 4.2.Resultadu teste water content
No.container 37 22 33 9 43 11
Mass of wet Soil + cont 91.843 7.682 100.651 100.207 82.673 76.856
Mass of dry soil + cont 83.719 79.678 93.046 93.709 75.754 72.027
Mass of cont 29.292 27.793 28.81 28.814 28.711 29.068
Mass of dry 54.427 51.885 64.236 64.895 47.043 42.959
Mass of water 8.124 8.004 7.605 6.498 6.919 4.829
w %= * 100 14.926 15.426 11.839 10.013 14.708 11.241
Average w % (kadar air 14.064 11.987

rata-rata)
Tabela 4.3 : Resultadu teste plastic limit

TEST PLASTIC LIMIT
Variable NO
Uzadu
Number of Blows Var. Units Original
N Blows 1 2
Can Number --- --- 5 50

Mass of wet sample+can
Mwsc (g) 29.7 30.8

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Mass dry sample+can

Mdsc (g) 29.6 30.7
Mass of can
MC (g) 28.9 28.7
Mass of water
Mw (g) 0.1 0.1
Mass of dry soil
Mds (g) 0.7 2
Water Content
W (%) 14.286 5.000
Tabela 4.4 : Resultadu teste Liquid limit ba AmostraOrignal.

TEST
LIQUID LIMIT
Sample Orginal
Variable
No 1 2 3 4
No. of can 22 39 30 33 9 43 10 40
Mass of wet 42.3 41.1 37.6 38.8 38 34.4 38.1 40.2
sample+can
Mass of dry 39.2 38.2 35.7 36.6 35.9 33 33.9 37.4
sample+can
Mass off can 27.7 27.7 28.8 28.7 28.8 28.6 29 28.6
Mass of water 3.1 2.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.4 4.2 2.8
Mass of dry soil 11.5 10.5 6.9 7.9 7.1 4.4 4.9 8.8
Water Content 26.957 27.619 27.536 27.848 29.577 31.181 85.714 31.18
Average 27.288 27.692 30.698 58.766
LL

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Tabela 4.5 : Resultadu teste Liquid limit ba Amostra Uzadu.

TEST LIQUID LIMIT
Sample Uzadu
Variable
No 1 2 3 4
No. of can 24 50 11 26 4 27 45 43
Mass of wet 38.5 42 45.5 36.9 40.6 39.9 40.4 40.8
sample+can
Mass of dry 36.6 39.2 42.3 35.1 37.9 37.4 37.7 37.7
sample+can
Mass off can 28.7 27.7 29 27.8 27.7 27.8 27.8 28.8
Mass of water 1.9 2.8 3.2 1.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 3.2
Mass of dry soil 7.9 11.5 13.3 7.3 10.2 9.6 9.9 8.8
Water Content 24.051 24.348 24.060 24.658 26.471 26.042 27.273 36.364
Average 24.199 24.359 26.256 31.818
LL 26.66
Tabela 4.6 : resultadu teste index plastiku

Liquid Limit (LL or wL) (%): 36.11 26.66
Plastic Limit (PL or wP) (%): 14.29 5.00
Plasticity Index (PI) (%): 21.825 21.658
USCS Classification: CL

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Tabela 4.7: resultadu analiza dadus ba teste Specific Gravity (Gs)

Measurement/Calculation Variable Units Original Uzadu
1 2 3 1 2 4
Mass of Pycnometer + Water + Mpws --- 167.4 163.5 162.0 167.1 160.8 157.5
Soil
Temperature Tx (g) 25 25 25 25 25 25
Mass of Pycnometer + Water @ Mpw (g) 155.8 152.2 150.7 155.5 149.5 146.1
Tx
Pycnometer Number --- --- 4 6 9 16 81 87
Mass of Pycnometer Md (g) 50.8 46.9 48.8 49.3 41.8 43.8
Mass of Pycnometer + Oven Mds (g) 67.8 66.7 67.7 66.2 61.3 63.2
Dry Soil
Mass of Oven Dry Soil Ms (g) 17.00 19.80 18.90 16.90 19.50 1940
Conversion Factor @ Tx K --- 0.9988 0.9988 0.998 0.9988 0.998 0.998
(ASTM D854 Table 2) 8 8 8
Specific Gravity of Soil Gs --- 3.14 2.33 2.48 3.18 2.38 2.42
2.65 2.66
Tabela: 4.8 specific gravity
Gravel 2.65 – 2.68
Rai henek 2.65 – 2.68
Lempung Organiku 2.58 – 2.65
Gambut 1.25 – 1.80

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Tabela: 4.9 specific gravity
Gravel 2.65 – 2.68
Rai henek 2.65 – 2.68
Lempung Organiku 2.58 – 2.65
Gambut 1.25 – 1.80
Tabela : 4.10 resultadu analiza dadus ba teste sieve analysis ba Amostra Original

sample sieve remaining remaning passing
sampel sieve
Mm G g m(d) g 100∑ 100(1-∑

m(d)/ms (%) m(d)/ms)
(%)
19 3/8'' 566.9 521.9 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
9,5 3/4'' 804.2 516.8 287.4 8.21 8.21 91.8
4,75 4 1081.7 458.3 623.4 17.81 26.0 74.0
2 10 1232.3 468.3 764 21.83 47.9 52.1
0.85 20 887.3 411.6 475.7 13.59 61.4 38.6
0.25 60 726.9 368.5 358.4 10.24 71.7 28.3
0.106 140 562 343.5 218.5 6.24 77.9 22.1
0,075 200 409.2 320.7 88.5 2.53 80.5 19.55
0,001 Pan 608.8 394.5 214.3 6.12 86.6 0,000
3030.2

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Tabela : 4.11.Resultadu analiza dadus ba teste sieve analysis ba Amostra Uzadu.

sample sieve remaining remaning passing
sampel sieve
Mm g G m(d) g 100∑ 100(1-∑

m(d)/ms (%) m(d)/ms)
(%)
19 3/8'' 975.1 521.9 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
9,5 3/4'' 871.6 516.8 354.8 10.14 10.14 89.9
4,75 4 922.5 458.3 464.2 13.26 23.4 76.6
2 10 1047.8 468.3 579.5 16.56 40.0 60.0
0.85 20 842 411.6 430.4 12.30 52.3 47.7
0.25 60 742.8 368.5 374.3 10.69 62.9 37.1
0.106 140 659.2 343.5 315.7 9.02 72.0 28.0
0,075 200 395.1 320.7 74.4 2.13 74.1 25.91
0,001 Pan 474.9 394.5 80.4 2.0 76.4 0,000
2673.7

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Tabela : 4.12. Resultaduba teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Original.
Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number
Mass of soil 5375.000 5462.000 5565.000 5689.000 5716.000 5670.000

+ mold
Mass of 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00

mold
Mass of soil 1715.00 1802.00 1905.000 2029.00 2056.00 2010.000
Wet density 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
Can number 29 37 39 11 33 43 9 22 10 50 26 24
Mass of 27.80 27.60 27.70 27.60 28.70 28.60 28.8 27.7 29 27.7 27.9 27.6
empty can
Mass 5000.0 5000.0 61.60 63.30 63.20 57.70 56.4 59.1 66.6 59.9 70.3 73.1
can+sol 0 0
(wet)
Mass 4875.0 4875.0 60.30 61.90 61.20 56.10 54.2 56.3 63.1 56.7 65 67.7
can+Soil 0 0
(Dry)
Mass of soil 4847.2 4847.4 32.40 34.30 32.50 27.50 25.4 28.6 34.1 29 37.1 40.1
0 0
Mass of 11125. 125.00 1.30 1.40 2.00 1.60 2.2 2.8 3.5 3.2 5.3 5.4
water 00
Water 2.6 2.6 4.0 4.1 6.2 5.8 8.7 9.8 10.3 11.0 14.3 13.5
content W
Average W 2.6 4.0 6.0 9.2 10.6 13.9
Dry density 1.80 1.86 1.93 2.00 2.00 1.90

Munisipiu Viqueque
Tabela : 4.13. Resultaduba teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Uzadu.
Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number
Mass of soil 5390.000 5527.000 5650.000 5690.000 5732.000 5743.000

+ mold
Mass of 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00 3660.00

mold
Mass of soil 1730.00 1866.00 1988.00 2027.00 2072.00 2078.00
Wet density 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
Can number 22 50 45 4 11 37 40 10 30 29 27 47
Mass of 27.60 28.90 27.80 27.80 29.00 29.20 28.6 27.7 28.8 27.8 27.9 27.8
empty can
Mass 5000.0 5000.0 58.10 59.10 68.20 62.30 68.3 58.4 66.8 60.2 56.6 59.7
can+sol 0 4987.0
(wet) 0
Mass 4987.0 4987.0 57.50 58.30 66.40 60.80 66.2 56.6 64 57.5 53.9 56.5
can+Soil 0 0
(Dry)
Mass of soil 4959.4 4858.1 29.70 30.50 37.40 31.60 37.6 28.9 35.2 29.7 26 28.7
0 0
Mass of 13.00 13.00 0.60 0.80 1.80 1.50 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.2
water
Water 0.3 0.3 2.0 2.6 2.04 4.7 5.6 6.2 8.0 9.1 10.4 11.1
content W
Average W 0.3 2.3 4.8 5.9 8.5 10.8
Dry density 1.86 1.96 2.04 2.1 2.06 2.02

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ANEKSU GRAFIKU
Figura : 4.1 Grafiku teste kompaktasaun ba Amostra Original.
Figura : 4.2 Grafiku teste kompaktasaunbaAmostraUzadu.

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Figura 4.3 : Grafiku teste sieve analisys Amostra Original.
Figura 4.4 : Grafiku teste sieve analisys Amostra Uzadu.

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Figura 4.5 : Grafiku teste sieve analisysAmostraUzadu.
Figura 4.6 : Grafiiku moisture content % ba liquid limit test ba Amostra Orizinal.

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Figura 4.7 : Grafiiku moisture content % ba liquid limit test ba Amostra Uzadu.
Figura 4.8 : Grafiiku moisture content % ba liquid limit test ba Amostra Uzadu.

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ANEKSU FOTOGRAFIA
Aneksu 1 .Teste water content Aneksu 2. Fornu/oven
Aneksu 3. Dasi Aneksu 4. Dasi

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Aneksu 5. Sieve cheiker Aneksu 6. Teste sieve analisys
Aneksu 7. Material ba teste artreberg limit Aneksu 8. Teste plastik limit
Aneksu 9. Teste liquid limit Anesku 10. Piknometer

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Anesku 11. Material teste kompaktasaun Anesku 12. Teste kompaktaaun

Munisipiu Viqueque
Biodata Autór
Hakerek na’in moris iha Uato-carbau, iha loron 10-04-1996, nu’udar Oan
ikun husi maun alin nain ne’en, Aman Pedro Pinto no Inan Domingas Pinto.
Remata eskola primaria iha 2006 iha eskola Públika Afaloicai, Pre-
Sekundariu iha tinan 2009 iha eskola Dr. Sergio Viera de Mello Becora no
Sekundariu iha Ensinu Tékniku Vokasional (ETP-GTI Becora Dili), iha tinan
2015 Autór tama iha Departamentu Enjeñaria Sívil iha Universidade Nasionál
Timór-Lorosa’e– (UNTL)
Bazeia ba kurikulum Departamentu molok atu remata kursu iha Grau
Lisensiatura Akadémika nian, sei hala’o Estajiu profisional durante fulan 2
(rua) iha Projetu konstrusaun Ponte ho naran DR BJ HABIBIE husiBTK, ho traballu final estudu nian
mak Autór foti kona-bá“Estudu Esperimental Utiliza Material Rai-Mutin (Embackment) ba
Estrada husi Suku Aflaoicai, Postu Administrativu Uato-Carbau, Minisipiu Viqueque ”.

Missau Pinto (20150202032) 69

Experimental Study For Soil Testing in Laboratorium

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Estuduesperimentalutiiza material rai mutin (embackment) baestradahusi suku Afaloikai, Postu administrativuUatu-karbcau, Munisipiu

B = todanhusibikan + sampelorijinal (weight of pan+ sample original)

C = todanhusibikan + sampelmaran (weight of pan+ sample oven dried)

b = densidade rai ho kondisaun bokon (density wet of soil sample)

d = densidade rai ho kondisaun maran (density dry of soil sample)

1.1. FUNDU PROBLEMA

DepartamentuEngenharia Civil, FaculdadeEngenhariaCiencia e Tecnologia (UNTL)

1.2. FORMULASAUN PROBLEMA

d. Arrteberg limit teste.

1.3. LIMITASAUN PROBLEMA

d. Teste kompaktasaun (Proctor test).

1.4. OBJETIVU ESTUDU

2DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

1.5. BENEFISIU ESTUDU

1.6. SISTEMÁTIKU HAKEREK

KAPITULU II ENKUADRAMENTU TEORIKU

KAPITULO III METODOLOZIA PESKIZA

KAPITULU IV ANALIZA NO DISKUSAUN

DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

4DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

2.1. DIFINISAUN RAI (SOIL)

DepartamentuEngeñaria Civil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Tecnologia (UNTL)

Figura 2.1–Rai Mutin

2.2. KARAKTERISTIKA RAI (SOIL)

2.3. KLASIFIKASAUN RAI

6DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Tabela2.1 Sistema Klasifikasaun Rai AASHTO

2.3.1. USCS KLASIFIKASAUN RAI (UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SISTEM )

Klasifikasaun prinsipal rai USCS nian kategoria ba rua:

8DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Tabela 2.2.klasifikasaunfini USCS (Bowles, 1991)

Tipo Rai Prefix Sup Grupo Prefix

Argila/Clay (lempung ) C W 1 < 50 % L

W = GradedDi'ak ( Rai ho gradation ne'ebé di'ak )

H = Plastik ne'ebé A’as (plasticity aas, LL > 50

DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

2.4. ESTUDU ESPERIMENTAL UTILIZA MATERIAL RAI MUTIN IHA LABORATORIU

2.4.1. KONTEUDU BE’E

Dalan ba servisu ida ne'e bazeia ba ASTM D-2216, liu - liu:

Teste material (Espesimentu ou amostra)

10DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Grau finu todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste mak 10 a 50 gr

Grau grossu todan espesimentu ne’ebe atu teste mak 50 a 100 gr

2.4.2. PINEIRA/SIEVE ANALYSIS

DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Figura.2.2- konjuntu Pineira

2) Kalkula todan ne’ebe hela husi valor kumulativu.

Ni(g)  Ni  Mi (Ek. 2.5)

3) Kalkula valor porsentu ne’ebe hela (retained)(%) husi valor komulativu.

4) Kalkula valor porsentu passing husi valor komulativu.

12DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Li(%) 100 - Ki (Ek. 2.7)

2.4.3. TESTE KOMPAKTASAUN (STANDAR PROCTOR)

b. Hamenus influensia be’ene’ebé hasoru nia.

Iha teste kompaktasaun ita bele uza metódu rua mak :

TABELA 2. 3. Metodu kompaktasaun ba proktor, standar proctor no modified ptoctor

DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Formulasaun : .................................,...................................................................(Ek 2.8)

2.4.4. ATTERBERG LIMIT

14DepartamentuEngeñariaSivil, FakuldadeEngeñariaSiensia e Teknolojia (UNTL)

Figura 2.3, ilustrasaun kona-bá utilizasaun Ekipamentu Liquidu limite