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DS2 started out as a technology provider for Powerline Communications (PLC), but can
today provide high performance solutions for any type of communications media.
Currently DS2 communication technology is used in mediums such as the power line,
coaxial cables, phone line and many other types of cables.

DS2 Communication Technology is

based on OFDM
After sophisticated measurements and tests DS2 identified OFDM as the most suitable
modulation technique, mainly because of its immunity to the interference you could find
in mediums such as the powerline. OFDM is not a new modulation technique and it is
being used in many other communication systems such as ADSL, VDSL, DAB, DVB and
802.11, to name a few.

DS2 implementation of the OFDM modulation provides the highest level of spectral
efficiency and performance of any anywire communication technology in the market,
something that has been thoroughly proven through the success of the products based
on DS2 technology in the market.

OFDM uses overlapped sub-channels, as seen above, and orthogonality between the
different modulated carriers. The sub-carrier frequencies in the OFDM system are chosen
so that the sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other, meaning that cross-talk or
interference between the sub-channels is eliminated and inter-carrier guard bands are
not required. Please see here for more information about OFDM

DS2 Communication Technology:

Physical Level
The DS2 communication technology uses High Density Advanced Modulation at each sub
carrier of the OFDM signal. Each of the possible operation modes (10, 20 and 30 MHz)
has 1.536 sub-carriers; the highest number for any technology used in anywire
communications, and adds a modulation density of 2 to 10 bits per sub carrier.
Depending on the condition of the transmission medium and the signal received the
number of bits for each and every carrier is adapted in real-time to give high reliability
and maximum performance. This ensures the highest quality communications even in
the face of interference.
Using high density constellations the DS2 OFDM PHY delivers throughput speeds of up to
200Mbps for bandwidth hungry applications such as High-Definition video.

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A further benefit that arises from including such a large number of sub-carriers is the
ability to introduce very narrow notches. DS2 technology supports dynamic notching
which provides the flexibility to satisfy regulatory requirements around the world or to
notch out specific frequencies at any time even in devices that are already being used.
Below is an example of how frequency notches have been implemented to remove
certain bands.

DS2 Communication Technology:

MAC Level
The DS2 Communication Technology uses an Advanced Dynamic Time Division MAC
(ADTDM) that is optimized for scenarios where high performance, stringent bandwidth
reservation, strict traffic prioritization and Quality of Service are a must. Using a Time
Division MAC the network will always be controlled by one Master unit that guarantees a
collision-free access to the channel. Different service priorities can be adjusted to suit
different types of applications, ranging from data, VoIP, Video on demand, etc.

The arbitration of the channel access is controlled by a centralized entity so that it

adapts to the number of nodes and traffic in the network, ensuring that all transmissions
are compliant with the defined QoS profile. All nodes in the network are considered in
the sharing mechanism, ensuring that any node in the network can have access to the

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channel if required.

©2010 DS2 Legal note

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