Comparing Health Status between Philippines and Pakistan

-Where are we in terms of health vs Pakistan (Provide Qualitative data)

OUTPUT:
A. PPT (minimum of 15 slides)
B. Reflection (minimum of 1-page)

Health Determinants

- range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health
status are known as determinants of health.

Determinants of health fall under several broad categories:

 Policymaking (e.g. increasing tax on cigarettes, tobacco and liquors)

 Social factors (e.g. social determinants like availability of resources, social support, quality
schools, exposure to mass media and emerging technologies; physical determinants like natural
environment, buildings, infrastructures, exposure to toxic substances and physical hazards)
 Health services (e.g. access to health insurance, quality health service and competent healthcare
providers)
 Individual behavior (e.g. proper handwashing, active or sedentary lifestyle, engagement in diet
and physical activities, substance abuse, alcoholism)
 Biology and genetics (e.g. inherited conditions like sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia and family
history of heart disease)

*Source: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-
Health

DEMOGRAPHICS: A comparison between Philippines and

Pakistan
*Source: https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/philippines.pakistan

Philippines Pakistan

Population 104,256,076 (July 2017 est.) 204,924,861 (July 2017 est.)

note: provisional results of
Pakistan's 2017 national census
estimate the country's total
population to be 207,774,000
 Philippines
Age structure 0-14 years: 33.39% (male
17,764,826/female
17,050,168)
15-24 years: 19.16% (male
10,199,389/female 9,780,025)
25-54 years: 36.99% (male
19,597,675/female
18,964,900)
55-64 years: 5.97% (male
2,844,739/female 3,375,139)
65 years and over: 4.49%
(male 1,930,273/female
2,748,942) (2017 est.)
Median age total: 23.5 years
male: 23.1 years
female: 24 years (2017 est.)
Population 1.57% (2017 est.)
growth rate
Birth rate 23.7 births/1,000 population
(2017 est.)
Death rate 6.1 deaths/1,000 population
(2017 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04
male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04
male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.03
male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.84
male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72
male(s)/female
total population: 1.01
male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Pakistan
0-14 years: 31.36% (male
33,005,623/female 31,265,463)
15-24 years: 21.14% (male
22,337,897/female 20,980,455)
25-54 years: 37.45% (male
39,846,417/female 36,907,683)
55-64 years: 5.57% (male
5,739,817/female 5,669,495)
65 years and over: 4.48% (male
4,261,917/female 4,910,094)
(2017 est.)
total: 23.8 years
male: 23.7 years
female: 23.8 years (2017 est.)
1.43% (2017 est.)
21.9 births/1,000 population
(2017 est.)
6.3 deaths/1,000 population
(2017 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88
male(s)/female
total population: 1.06
male(s)/female (2016 est.)
 Philippines Pakistan

Infant mortality total: 21.4 deaths/1,000 live
rate births
male: 24.3 deaths/1,000 live
births
female: 18.3 deaths/1,000
live births (2017 est.)
total: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 55.2 deaths/1,000 live
births
female: 48.8 deaths/1,000 live
births (2017 est.)

Life expectancy total population: 69.4 years total population: 68.1 years
at birth male: 65.9 years male: 66.1 years
female: 73.1 years (2017 est.) female: 70.1 years (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate 3.02 children born/woman 2.62 children born/woman (2017
(2017 est.) est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult 0.1% (2016 est.) 0.1% (2016 est.)

prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - 56,000 (2016 est.) 130,000 (2016 est.)

people living with
HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS - <1000 (2016 est.) 5,500 (2016 est.)

deaths

Major infectious degree of risk: high degree of risk: high

diseases food or waterborne
diseases: bacterial diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vector borne
diseases: dengue fever and
malaria
water contact
disease: leptospirosis (2016)
food or waterborne
diseases: bacterial diarrhea,
hepatitis A and E, and typhoid
fever
vector borne diseases: dengue
fever and malaria
animal contact disease: rabies
(2016)

Education 2.7% of GDP (2009) 2.7% of GDP (2015)

expenditures
 Philippines Pakistan

Maternal 114 deaths/100,000 live births 178 deaths/100,000 live births

mortality rate (2015 est.) (2015 est.)

Health 4.7% of GDP (2014) 2.6% of GDP (2014)

expenditures

Hospital bed 1 beds/1,000 population 0.6 beds/1,000 population (2012)

density (2011)

Obesity - adult 6.4% (2016) 8.6% (2016)

prevalence rate

Mother's mean 23 years 23.4 years

age at first birth note: median age at first birth note: median age at first birth
among women 25-29 (2013 among women 25-29 (2012/13
est.) est.)

Contraceptive 55.1% (2013) 35.4% (2012/13)

prevalence rate

Dependency total dependency ratio: 58.2 total dependency ratio: 65.3

ratios youth dependency ratio: 51 youth dependency ratio: 57.9
elderly dependency elderly dependency ratio: 7.4
ratio: 7.2 potential support ratio: 13.5
potential support ratio: 13.8 (2015 est.)
(2015 est.)

Leading Causes of Mortality

TOP 10 LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY YEAR 2016
PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES
1. Ischemic Heart Disease 8% 1. Ischemic Heart Disease 12.7%
2. Cancer 8% 2. Neoplasms 10.4%
3. Lower-Respiratory Infections 8% 3. Pneumonia 9.9%
4. Stroke 6% 4. Cerebrovascular diseases 9.8%
 5. Diarrheal Diseases 6% 5. Hypertensive diseases 5.7%
6. Neonatal Encephalopathy 5% 6. Diabetes Mellitus 5.7%
7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5% 7. Other heart diseases 4.9%
8. TB 5% 8. Respiratory tuberculosis 4.2%
9. Pre-Term Birth Complications 4% 9. Chronic Lower respiratory
10. Diabetes 3% infections 4.2%
10. Remainder of diseases of the
genitourinary system 3.4%

*Source:
https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/pakista *Source:
n/default.htm https://psa.gov.ph/content/deaths-
philippines-2016

NATIONAL BUDGET FOR HEALTH 2017-2018

Pakistan: 54 billion Rs (Indian rupee) which is 40,562,917,668.00 in Philippine Peso
*7.4 Billion is allocated for anti-polio campaign
*684 million for malaria
*1.317 billion for building 46 hospitals across the country and adding facilities such as hospital
beds
-Source: https://tribune.com.pk/story/1420327/health-budget-80-budget-fiscal-year-2017-18/

Philippines: 98,400,000,000.00 billion peso (DOH)

58,221,000,00.00 billion peso (PhilHealth)
*Focused on medicines, infrastructures such as barangay health stations, improvement of
hospitals and hiring of medical professionals
-Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/135405

NATIONAL PLANS FOR HEALTH SYSTEM

Pakistan National Health Vision 2016-2025
National Health Vision builds its narrative on the following 8 thematic pillars.
1.Health Financing
2.Health Service Delivery
3.Human Resource for Health
4.Health Information Systems
5.Governance
6.Essential Medicines & Technology
7.Cross-sectoral linkages
8.Global Health Responsibilities

Philippines National Objectives for Health 2017-2022

1. Financing: Sustained investments for equitable health care
2. Service Delivery: Wider access to essential health care
3. Regulation: Safe, quality and affordable health care
4. Governance: Functional and people-centered health system
5. Performance Accountability: Transparent and responsive health sector

Philippines and Pakistan Demographics Key Comparisons

 Population: Population in Philippines amount to ½ of the population in Pakistan
 Median Age: Almost the same ranging from 23-24 y/o
 Birth Rate: Philippines has higher Birth rate of 23.7 births/1000 population compared to the 21.9
births per 1,000 populations in Pakistan.
 Death Rate: Death rate is close from 6.1 deaths/ 1000 population of Philippines to 6.3
deaths/1000 population of Pakistan.
 Population Growth Rate: Philippines has a higher Population Growth rate of 1.57% compared to
1.43% of Pakistan
 Life Expectancy: Almost the same with Philippines having 68.4 years while Pakistan having 68.1
years
 Total Fertility Rate: Philippines has higher Fertility rate of 3.02 children born per woman
compared to 2.62 children born per woman in Pakistan.
 Infant Mortality rate: Pakistan has double cases of infant deaths compared to the Philippines
 Mean Age of mother on first birth: Both countries have mothers giving birth to their first born
while they are in the age of 23
 Maternal Mortality rate and Obesity Prevalence: Pakistan has higher maternal mortality rate and
obesity prevalence than Philippines
 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate is higher in the Philippines (551%) compared to Pakistan (35.4%).
 HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is the same for both countries at 0.1% however people living with
HIV/AIDS in Pakistan amounts to double or twice as large as in the Philippines. Thus, the deaths
are higher in Pakistan amounting to 5,500 deaths compared to the less than 1000 in the
Philippines.
 In terms of Health expenditures, Philippines accumulated 4.7% of the GDP while Pakistan only
amounted to 2.6% of the GDP in 2014.
 In hospital beds, we can see the lack of facility of having 1 bed only per 1000 people in the
Philippines. Worse than this is with Pakistan which only has 0.6 bed per 1000 population which
only reflects the insufficiency of beds.
  The dependency ratio in Pakistan is higher than in the Philippines which means that there is more
pressure which faces the non-productive population. Hence, the greater burden carried by the
working-age people.

CONCLUSION
-The state of Philippines in terms of Health system is not far as that of the Pakistan.
-There exists a better state in Philippines compared to Pakistan but only on a small basis.
-Both countries are developing in terms of health care services.
-Both countries eye to improve their health financing, service delivery through responsive health sectors
and governance through people-centered system.
-Top causes of mortality in both countries is due to Ischemic heart disease and the second leading cause
of death is cancer. Both are non-communicable diseases which can reflect the lifestyle, behavior of the
population.
-In the other diseases which ranked in the top 10, there are a couple of communicable diseases which can
be indicative of poor health of people as well as the vulnerability on the effects of disease transmission.
- Although both countries have large funds for health system, it is clearly seen that there is a lot to
improve and work on.
- It is recommended that proper governance is administered with transparent budget and proper allocation
of funds. Hence, a wise expenditure on the needs to improve the overall health system of the country.