Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
acid and diluted to 100 mL with water to get 14 ppm investigation, reaction between bromine and methyl
of bromine solution. This bromine solution is stable red (4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid)
for only one day and was prepared on the day of use. is made use for the spectrophotometric determination
A solution of methyl red (0.01%) was prepared by of hydrazine. Methyl red, an azo dye, shows two
dissolving 0.1g of methyl red with 1 mL of 4.5M absorption bands at 515 nm and 315 nm .The intensity
sodium hydroxide and diluting to 100 mL; 10 mL of of the band at 315 nm is very weak as compared with
this solution was diluted to 100 mL, after acidifying it the band at 515 nm.
by adding 1 mL of 4.25 M sulphuric acid. Sulphuric In the absence of hydrazine a known excess of
acid (4.25M) was prepared by adding 59 mL of conc. bromine bleaches the dye and the absorbance is very
sulphuric acid (sp. gravity 1.84) to 150 mL of water, low at 515 nm. In the presence of hydrazine, bromine
cooled and then diluting to 250 ml in a calibrated is reduced to bromide and the unreacted bromine
flask. Sulphamic acid (0.5%) was prepared by decolorizes the dye. A calibration graph was obtained
dissolving 0.5 g of sulphamic acid in 100 mL of with a positive slope and the equation being
distilled water. y = 0.12 x where y is the absorbance and x is the
concentration of hydrazine in µg. Thus, with the
Procedure increasing concentration of hydrazine, more of
To a 10 mL aliquot of sample containing 0-6 µg of bromine is reduced and this is observed by a linear
hydrazine, 5 mL of 14 µg mL-1 bromine solution was increase in the absorbance due to the unbleached
added. The solutions were mixed well followed by the methyl red at 515 nm under acidic condition. It was
addition of 1 mL of 0.01% of methyl red before observed that with increasing bromine concentration,
diluting to 25 mL with distilled water. The absorbance absorption decreased for the band at 515 nm whereas
of the solution was measured at 515 nm against it increased for the band at 315 nm (Fig. 1).
reagent blank using 1 cm glass cells. This observation suggests ring substitution of
A sample volume of boiler feed water (10 mL) bromine in the dye molecule causing steric inhibition
containing not more than 6µg of hydrazine was of resonance as observed in the case of bromination of
subjected to analysis by following the described similar dyes with azo functional groups10. This is
procedure. responsible for the decrease in absorbance at 515 nm
(Scheme 1).
Results and discussion
Quantitative bleaching of azo dyes by halogens like
chlorine and bromine are widely used for their
spectrophotometric determinations9,10. In the present
The effect of variation in acidity for an effective ions studied in hydrazine determination are
reaction between bromine and methyl red was summarized in Table 1.
established and this was found to be 0.3 – 1 M with Hydroxylamine is a potential interferent in most
respect to sulphuric acid. A reaction acidity of 0.34 M of the methods for hydrazine determination.
was maintained by taking 5 mL of bromine solution Hydroxylamine when present along with hydrazine
with an overall acidity of 1.7 M. also undergoes oxidation and causes positive
The proposed method was useful for the interference. In the proposed method, formaldehyde
determination of hydrazine in the concentration range solution is added to eliminate hydroxylamine
of 0-6 µg in a sample volume of 10 mL with a interference. Reaction between formaldehyde and
detection of 0.25 µg. The molar absorptivity of the hydroxylamine to form the oxime is very fast as
colored system was found to be 9.95 x 104 L mol-1 compared to the reaction between hydrazine and
cm-1 and the dye color remained stable upto 17 days. formaldehyde. In the present method, hydroxylamine
The correlation coefficient was 0.999 and the relative is tolerated up to a concentration of 500 µg in the
standard deviation was 2.7% (n=10) for 3µg of presence of 1 mL of 6000 ppm formaldehyde solution
hydrazine. when present along with 3 µg of hydrazine.
Nitrate and nitrite, greater than 10 µg, cause
Interferences interference in the estimation of hydrazine. Nitrite
The interfering effects of common anions and interference upto 100 µg was overcome by the
cations, which may coexist with hydrazine, were addition of 1 mL of 0.5% sulphamic acid. Nitrate is
evaluated. Any deviation in the absorbance value of first reduced to nitrite with HCHO in sulphuric acid
3% to that obtained in the absence of other interfering medium in the presence of sulphamic acid. The
ions in hydrazine determination was taken as sign of formed nitrite is decomposed by sulphamic acid. For
interference. Varying concentrations of interfering nitrate interference, 10 mL sample containing 7.5µg
species were added to 3 µg of hydrazine and the of hydrazine and nitrate (100µg) was treated with
absorbance values were compared to that in the 1 mL of 1000ppm HCHO solution followed by 5 mL
absence of interference. Tolerance limits of various of 8M sulphuric acid and 1 mL of 0.5% of sulphamic
acid. The solution was diluted to 25 mL in a
Table 1 Effect of some interfering species in the hydrazine
determination (NH2NH2 = 3 µg) 25 ml-calibrated flask and 10 mL was used for
analysis.
Ion Amt tolerated (µg)
Phosphate, Oxalate, Citrate, Tartrate, 1000 Application to real samples
Borate, Chloride, Carbonate Hydrazine is normally added in small amounts
HCHO 6000
(0.2%) to boiler feed water. Hydrazine is oxidized by
Hydroxylamine 0.1
Hydroxylamine a 500 dissolved oxygen to nitrogen and prevents the
Ba(II), Pb(II), Mg(II), Co(II), Cd(II), 1000 corrosion of boilers.
Bi(III), Ni(II), Li(I), Mn(II), Sr(II), The application of the proposed method has been
Cr(III), NH4+ b evaluated with feed water samples taken from high-
Cu(II), Hg(II) 50
Fe(II) 1.5 pressure steam generating boilers to determine the
NO2- 10 hydrazine concentration. Boiler feed water samples
NO2- c 100 were collected on different days and analyzed. One ml
NO3- 10 of sample was diluted to 100 mL. An aliquot of 1 mL
NO3- d 100
of diluted sample was further diluted to 10 mL and
a
Treated with HCHO solution before the addition of bromine subjected to analysis. The results obtained using the
solution. proposed method was validated by comparison with
b
If it is in the form of NH3 (NH4OH) treat the sample with 1 mL
of 0.1 M H2SO4 before treating with bromine solution
the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DAB) method
c
Treated with 1 mL of 0.5% sulphamic acid before treating with used by Deepa et al8. Calibration graph for p-DAB
bromine solution. method was prepared using 0-10 µg of hydrazine in
d
Treated with 1 mL of 1000 ppm HCHO solution followed by 5 10 mL of sample volume. Boiler feed water sample
mL of 8 M sulphuric acid and 1 mL of 0.5% of sulphamic acid
and diluted to 25 mL prior to analysis. 10 mL of sample was (10 mL) containing not more than 10 µg of hydrazine
used for analysis. was taken in a 25 mL-calibrated flask. To this, 10 mL
1624 INDIAN J CHEM, SEC A, OCTOBER 2007