Task 1

Task 2
Accessing a webpage: www.fontys.edu
Watching a video on YouTube

At first a synchronized packet was sent from the computer to the web address that initiated a
network TCP connection.
Afterwards the web address received the packet and sent a SYN-ACK message back to the
computer.
Finally, the computer acknowledges the received data and the TCP connection is established.

SYN – a synchronized packet is sent from the client to the server indicated by the SYN bit inside
the TCP header to initiate a network TCP socket connection. Then the server receives the SYN.

SYN-ACK – when the packet is received by the client, the server sends a synchronized-
acknowledgement message that has both SYN bits and ACK bits turned on in the TCP header back
to the client. Then the client receives the SYN-ACK.

ACK – acknowledges the received date, and an acknowledge message is sent from the client to
the server indicated by the ACK bit inside the TCP header. Then the server receives the ACK.
At the end of this 3-way handshake a TCP socket connection is established.

LEN Number – is the length of the TCP data which is calculated by subtracting the IP and TCP
header sizes from the IP datagram size.

SEQ Number – keeps track of how much data is sent. It is included in every TCP packet. The SEQ
number represents the first byte number in the TCP byte stream being sent to the receiver.

Ack Number – keeps track of how much data was successfully received. It is included in TCP
packets when the sender’s date is being acknowledged. The acknowledgement number
represents the next byte in the TCP byte stream the receiver is expecting.
Task 3
UDP is also used to preload the YouTube video.

UDP is used for video live-streaming on platforms like Twitch