RAJKUMARI AMRIT KAUR COLLEGE OF NURSING

ASSIGNMENT ON -WRITING BIBLIOGRAPHY IN

VANCOUVER STYLE AND APA STYLE FOR BOOKS
AND JOURNALS AND ANNOTATED
BIBLIOGRAPHY

SUBJECT- NURSING RESEARCH

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY-

MRS. SARITA SHOKANDA MS. DIVYA KHATRI
SENIOR TUTOR M.SC (N) 1ST YEAR
WHY REFERENCE?
Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to
follow up what you have written and more fully understand the cited author’s work.
Steps in referencing

 Record the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of the source from
which information is taken.
 Punctuation marks and spaces in the reference list and citations are very important.
 Follow the punctuation and spacing exactly.
 Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.
 Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your
document.

REFERENCING EXAMPLES OF BOOKS IN VANCOUVER STYLE-

 Tripathi KD. Essentials of medical pharmacology. 6th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers
medical publishers; 2008. p.757-65.
 Nancy Sr. Principles and practice of nursing. 6th ed. Indore: N.R. publishing house;
2006.
 Neerja KP . Textbook of nursing education. 1ST ed. Noida: Jaypee brothers ; 2004.
 Burns N, Grove S.K. Understanding nursing research. 2nd ed. Noida : Harcourt Pvt.
Limited ; 2002.
 Rastogi V.B . A textbook of genetics. 1st ed. Meerut: Naveen Press; 1978-79.
 Gulani K.K. Community health nursing: principle and practice. 1st ed. New Delhi:
kumar publishing house; 2006.
 Dutta DC. Textbook of gynaecology including contraception. 5 th ed. Calcutta India:
New central book agency (P) Ltd publication; 2008. p. 107-20.
 Butler SW. Secrets from the Black Bag. London: The Royal College of General
Practitioners; 2005
 Cheers B, Darracott R, Lonne B. Social care practice in rural communities. Sydney:
The Federation Press; 2007.
 Bennett GL, Horuk R. Iodination of chemokines for use in receptor binding analysis.
In: Horuk R, editor. Chemokine receptors. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1997. p.
134-48.
REFERENCING EXAMPLES OF JOURNALS IN VANCOUVER
STYLE-
 Jain A, Jain S, Rawat S. Emerging fungal infections among children: A review on
its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention. J Pharm Bio allied sci.
2010:2(1):314-20.
 Snowdon J. Severe depression in old age. Medicine Today. 2002 Dec;3(12):40-47.
 McInnes D, Bollen J. Learning on the job: metaphors of choreography and the
practice of sex in sex-onpremises venues. Venereology 2000; 13(1):27-36.
 Hanna JN, McBride WJ, Brookes DL, Shield J, Taylor CT, Smith IL, Craig SB, Smith
GA. Hendra virus infection in a veterinarian. Med J Aust. 2006 Nov
20;185(10):562-64.
 Skalsky K, Yahav D, Bishara J, Pitlik S, Leibovici L, Paul M. Treatment of human
brucellosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
BMJ. 2008 Mar 29;336(7646):701-4
 Roussak P. Centralization of paediatric intensive care and a 24 hour retrieval
service. BJN. 2014 Jan 9; 23(1):25-7.
 Elcock K. Working in partnership: the need or candour and transparency. BJN.
2014 Jan 9; 23(1):62-4.
 Innes K, Jackson D, Plummer V, Elliott D. Care of patient in emergency
department waiting rooms: an integrative review. JAN. 2015 Dec; 71(12): 2702-
08.
 Drummond PD. Triggers of motion sickness in migraine sufferers. Headache.
2005;45(6):653-6.
 Geck MJ, Yoo S, Wang JC. Assessment of cervical ligamentous injury in trauma
patients using MRI. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14(5):371-7.

APA STYLE : BOOKS

 Smelter S.C, Bare G, Hinkle J.L, Cheever K.H. (2011). Textbook of medical-surgical
nursing. 12th ed. New Delhi, India: Wolters Kluwer.
 PolitD.F, Hungler BP. (2011). Nursing Research :Principles and Methods. 5thed.
Philadephia, P.A: J.B.Lippincott Company.
 Brar N.K, Rawat H.C. (2015). Textbook Of Advanced Nursing Practic.1st ed. India:
Jaypee publishing house.
 Park, K. (2017). Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 24th ed. India:
M/S banarsidas bhanot.
 Barker A.M. (2010). Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the
profession. Canada: Jones and barlett.
 VANCOUVER STYLE CITATION
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (journals)
TOPIC: CONTINUING EDUCATION IN NURSING

1) Eslamian J, Moeini M, Soleimani M. Challenges in nursing continuing education: A

qualitative study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20(3):378-86.

The study was designed to explore the challenges of nursing continuing education in
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Nursing continuing education with
development of knowledge, skill, and attitude results in improvement of nursing activity,
and thus improves the health care in the society. The need of the study was because if the
education is not planned and implement properly, it affects the patient care. It was a one
year study which began with purposeful sampling method and continued with snowball
method. The participants were both learners and planners of continuing education program.
The results showed that there was a need to revise the educational process in nursing
continuing education. They suggested that to achieve this, there was a need of a team for
needs assessment, planning, and evaluation. In addition, attention should be paid to
educators' and learners' issues. The best highlight about the study was that the results
generated various themes which could be considered while planning continuous education
like learners related factors, teachers related factors, educational process related factors,
inadequate facilities, and defective evaluation. The analysis is very descriptive and easy to
understand. In addition the information is in a systematic way and there are diagrams and
tables which is easy to understand. The articles opens up doors for changes in our
continuous education.
TOPIC- TELEMEDICINE
2) Hui E, Woo J, Hjelm M, Zhang YT, Tsui HT. Telemedicine: A pilot study in nursing home
residents. Gerentology. 2001;47:82-7.

A study was conducted To assess the feasibility of telemedicine in providing geriatric

services to nursing home residents, and whether this mode of care resulted in increased
productivity and savings. As Telemedicine had been applied successfully in various fields of
medicine, the study conducted envisioned that this mode of health care delivery may
potentially be useful in supporting frail nursing home residents who require
multidisciplinary geriatric services. A local 200-bed nursing home supported by the
Community Geriatric Assessment Team (CGAT) was recruited. Over a 1-year period,
teleconferencing was used to replace conventional geriatric outreach services. The study
showed that Telemedicine was adequate for service delivery in up to 99% of cases,
depending on the specialty. A greater number of clients were served and follow-up intervals
were shortened. The service was cheaper than conventional outreach or clinic activities, and
acceptable to users and clients. They concluded by stating that Telemedicine is a feasible
means of delivering multidisciplinary care to frail nursing home residents, and may result in
increased productivity and significant savings. The language of the article is simple and easy
to understand. The study will support the use of telemedicine in nursing care with purpose
of quality care with cost reduction. The article focuses on a group that is easily available-
nursing home residents. The study cannot be used in areas like clinical and hospital nursing.
Further studies should be conducted to gain knowledge about how telemedicine can be
used in nursing for patients visiting a major tertiary hospital.
TOPIC: APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
AND HEALTH INFORMATICS
3) William AY, Patrick WO, Denise K, Robert WL, Edwin MK. Public health informatics:
Improving and transforming public health in the information age. J Public Health Manag
Pract. 2000; 6(6):67–75.
The article focuses on the importance informatics in public health. Development of
effective public health information systems requires understanding public health
informatics (phi), the systematic application of information and computer science and
technology to public health practice, research, and learning. The article states that the
current need for phi arises from dramatic improvements in information technology, new
pressures on the public health system, and changes in medical care delivery. It also
mentions that to build healthier communities application of PHI principles provides with
unprecedented opportunities. The article is in a very simple language and any layman
can easily understand the content. The article is also enlightening as it provides
information on public health informatics, the principles of PHI, the major challenges that
we will face and the steps that are required for PHI to be established. The article does
not say anything about health surveillance as that is also an important part of public
health. Moreover the article is only helpful to those involved in public health sector.

TOPIC: INNOVATION IN NURSING

4) Karen T, Elain M, Terry V, Molly D, Susan O. Substantive innovation in nursing education:
Shifting the emphasis from content coverage to student learning. Nursing Education
Perspectives. 2005; 26(1):55-57.

The article provides insight into innovations in nursing education back in the year 2005. It
states that in nursing education the curricular construction concentrate on content to be
presented as opposed to the actual process of teaching and learning. The writers strongly
supports strategic and significant reforms, rather than sporadic and often random use of
new teaching methods or new settings for clinical experience. They are of the view that
nursing education must emphasize student learning, rather than content coverage. The
article provides information on why such reform are needed. Firstly they state that the
students are changing. As students from different countries and different fields are added
conventional pedagogies and traditional approaches, including lecture and passive
information, may not fully engage them in the process of learning. Second reason they state
is that as faculties are changing and new teachers are engaging in education they should
question the traditional way of teaching. The article is informative and critical as it
emphasises on student learning rather than just covering the syllabi in nursing education.
He language is simple and easy to understand. The article is dated very old and a lot of
innovation in nursing education have happened in near past. The article does not cover
innovation in other fields of nursing like clinical, administration, research etc. The article can
only be useful for learning about past and about innovation in education.
TOPIC: CONCEPT OF SELF HEALTH CARE MODEL

5) McCormack D. An examination of the self-care concept uncovers a new direction for

healthcare reform. Nurs Leadersh. 2003; 16(4):48-65.

The paper by McCormack paper describes the origin of the comprehensive concept - self-
care is multidimensional, with many defining elements. It examines the response of the
nursing discipline to citizen self-care initiatives and the subsequent effects this response has
had on the development of nursing knowledge. The article begins with the basic idea of self
care that it has been there since time immemorial. The article is supported be many
references and studies that shows that the idea of self care is not new. Primitive societies
developed healing rituals that sometimes involved the consumption of special foods to
promote the health of particular individuals or entire communities. It goes on to emphasis
that individuals themselves select self care self-care behaviours in order to maintain an
acceptable level of health or well-being, to prevent illness or injury and to promote health.
Various changes and reforms that took place in healthcare system are also mentioned which
started considering self care as a concept. Self care is an important concept in nursing as
nursing itself is multidisciplinary. Many studies are mentioned which shoes that Within the
nursing discipline, active client participation is an antecedent to self-care. Because self-care
involves the actions of the client, it cannot occur without participation. The role nurses
might assume in shaping a self-care healthcare delivery system is delineated in the article.
Overall the article is enriching with information on self care concept. The article is supported
by ample studies and research on self care concepts. On main drawback of the study was
that it was conducted keeping in mind the Canadian policies and therefore its use may be
limited worldwide.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (books)

6) Dewitt S.C. Fundamental concept and skill for nursing. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;
2009. p. 1-10.

The chapter titled nursing and the health care system in the above mentioned book covers
the historical overview of nursing and how it has evolved throughout the years. It mentions
about the history of nursing in England and Europe and also in North America. It gives in
detail about the evidence based practice which was started in the early 20's. It also has a
section on current practices that is followed in nursing. The chapter also mentions about the
nursing pathways and the development in nursing education and practical nursing. There is
a part that enlists the health maintenance organizations. The information in the chapter is
very systematic and easy to understand. There are a lot of pictures showing the nurses, their
uniforms and work environment in the past. The nursing standards of various countries like
America and Canada is also mentioned in detail. There are also illustrations and diagrams
that make the various concepts easier to understand. The chapter does not mention the
nursing history and standards of India.
7) Barker A.M. Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession. 2 nd ed.
Canada: Jones and Barlett; 2010. p. 65-315.

The book consists of various parts from which part two mentions about the health care
delivery system and health care policy. The nine chapters that comes under this part covers
all the aspects of health care delivery system. There is in detail about the health care system
and special mention about the us health care system. The chapters also explains about
health and its determinants. The special feature about the book is that it covers two
chapters mentioning solely about the financial aspect of health delivery system. It mentions
about the financing as well as hoe to manage the financial resources in health system. There
is also references of managed care and its evolution throughout the years. There is mention
of not just the past of health care system but also about the future of health care delivery.
Another chapter is added in this part which explains about the role of politics in health care
delivery. The book is very informative but is monotonous. There is no pictures or diagrams.
The main demerit is that the health systems of India is not mentioned anywhere in the
chapter, it only covers the systems of America.
8) Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine. 24th ed. India: M/S banarsidas
bhanot; 2017. p. 57-140.

The chapter principles of epidemiology and epidemiological methods of the book is very
informative and up-to-date. It covers the aims of epidemiology and its approaches in health.
Different rates, ratios, mortality and morbidity measurements are stated with latest
statistics. The different epidemiological methods are explained with focus on each type in
detail. The concepts off association and causation is also mentioned. The screening process
and criterion of screening diseases is also mentioned in the book in a different chapter. The
chapter has flowcharts and tables with latest stats and data related to health. The
information is segregated and projected in a proper manner. The language is easy to
understand for a health professional. A layman may not be able to understand the different
terminologies used. Overall the chapter is very informative and useful.
9) Brar N.K, Rawat H.C. Textbook for advanced nursing practices. India: Jaypee
publiocations; 2015. p. 553-714.

The unit of theories in the book gives information about the philosophies and theories in
nursing. It also mentions about the values. Conceptual models and approaches in nursing.
There is an entire chapter that covers the different nursing theories and its implication.
Some of the theories mentioned are Nightingale's, Henderson's, Neuman's, Orem's,
Watson's, Abdellah's theories. There application in nursing is also given. The book covers all
the major theories and the language is simple to understand. The chapter also has diagrams
and illustrations of various concepts. The book is informative but is very brief. All the topics
are given in points. Professionals wanting for in depth study would have to refer a different
book.
10) Craven R.F, Hirnle C.J. Fundamental of nursing. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2000. p.
163-174.

The chapter in the book focuses on the first step of nursing process- nursing assessment. It
covers all the major area of assessment like preparation for assessment, types of
assessment and setting up of environment during the assessment step. The chapter also
briefs about the different skills that are required during a nursing assessment- observation,
interviewing, physical examination and intuitions. According to the author certain steps
should be followed to complete the assessment, the steps being collection of data,
validation of data and then organization of data. The chapter is informative and eye catching
with various diagrams and pictures. It also consists of critical thinking exercises that
stimulates the readers mind. The drawback of the chapter is that it only focuses on nursing
assessment and not health assessment as a whole. It does not focus on health assessment in
individual level, family level and community level.