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Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
La creencia en el aniquilacionismo, ha
aparecido a lo largo de la historia cristiana
, pero siempre ha sido en minoría. [9]
Experimentó un resurgimiento en la
década de 1980 cuando varios teólogos
prominentes, incluido John Stott [10],
estaban dispuestos a argumentar que
podría ser considerado como una legítima
interpretación de textos bíblicos
(alternativa a la interpretación más
tradicional de ellos), por aquellos que dan
autoridad suprema a la escritura. A
principios del siglo XX, algunos teólogos
de la Universidad de Cambridge, entre
ellos Basil Atkinson, apoyaron esta
creencia. Los teólogos ingleses del siglo
XX que favorecen la aniquilación incluyen
al obispo Charles Gore (1916), [11] William
Temple, 98.o arzobispo de Canterbury
(1924); [12] Oliver Chase Quick , capellán
del arzobispo de Canterbury (1933), [13]
Ulrich Ernst Simon (1964), [14] y GB Caird
(1966). [15]
Algunas denominaciones cristianas que
son aniquilacionistas fueron influenciadas
por el movimiento millerita / adventista de
mediados del siglo XIX. Estos incluyen a
los adventistas del séptimo día , los
estudiantes de la Biblia , los
cristadelfianos y las diversas iglesias
cristianas de Adviento . Además, la Iglesia
de Inglaterra 's Comisión Doctrina informó
en 1995 que '[h] ell no es tormento eterno',
pero 'no-ser'. Algunos escritores
protestantes y anglicanos también han
propuesto doctrinas aniquilacionistas.
Historia
Biblia hace referencia a
anglicanismo
Millerista y el movimiento
Adventista
Otros
Inmortalidad condicional
justificaciones
Interpretación de la escritura
Salmo 37:20 Pero los impíos perecerán ... ellos consumirán; en humo se consumirán.
Más bien, temedle a él, que puede destruir tanto el alma como el cuerpo en el
Mateo 10: 28b
infierno.
Juan 3:16 ... todo aquel que cree en él no debe perecer (griego: destruido ) ...
2
Tesalonicenses quienes serán castigados con la destrucción eterna ...
1: 9
Apocalipsis
Esta es la segunda muerte...
20:14
Textos citados
Textos opuestos
Orígenes helénicos
Muchos aniquiladores creen que el
concepto de un alma inmortal separada
del cuerpo proviene de la filosofía griega ,
particularmente de Platón . Por ejemplo, el
Mito de Er de Platón representa a almas
sin cuerpo que son enviadas a la
clandestinidad para ser castigadas
después de la muerte. La cultura
helenística tuvo una influencia
significativa en la iglesia cristiana
primitiva, véase también el judaísmo
helenístico . Por este escenario, el alma no
aparece en la Biblia y es vista allí solo por
aquellos a quienes se les enseña a asumir
que el alma existe en primer lugar.
Personas
Defensores
Británico:
John Stott
John Wenham
Michael Green [89]
Philip Edgecumbe Hughes
Roger Forster
Richard Bauckham
Justin brierley
Basil FC Atkinson
Ian Howard Marshall
Norteamericano:
Clark Pinnock
Edward Fudge
Greg boyd
Harold Camping
Preston Sprinkle
Homer Hailey
E. Earle Ellis
Ellen G. White
John G. Stackhouse, Jr.
Joel B. Green
Agnósticos
Otros se han mantenido "agnósticos", sin
tomar una posición sobre el tema del
infierno. Los dos enumerados también son
británicos:
Críticos / Opositores
John H. Gerstner
JI Packer
James R. White
David Pawson
Wayne Grudem
RC Sproul
Albert Mohler
Tim Keller (pastor)
William Lane Craig
Millard Erickson
Francis chan
Franklin Graham
Rick Warren
John F. MacArthur
Mark Driscoll
CJ Mahaney
Heidi Baker
Reinhard Bonnke
Véase también
Problema del infierno
Condicionalismo cristiano (o
"inmortalidad condicional")
La reconciliación universal ("
universalismo " en un contexto
cristiano)
Olvido (eterno)
Muerte del alma
Referencias
1. Fe y vida cristianas, Volúmenes 16–17,
1913 (Google eBook) p.118
2. James Packer en "Por qué el
aniquilacionismo es incorrecto".
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/j
i-packer-on-why-annihilationism-is-wrong
3. Hebreos 12:29; Canción de Salomón 8: 6
4.
https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/951.15
58
5. http://ssnet.org/blog/punishment-of-the-
wicked-in-light-of-the-cross/
6. http://www.signstimes.com/?
p=article&a=40068829584.786
7.
http://www.sdanet.org/atissue/books/27/2
7-26.htm
8. David A. Reed, Answering Jehovah’s
Witnesses: Subject by Subject, electronic
ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House,
1997).
9. L. E. Froom, The Condionalist Faith of our
Fathers (Washington, DC: Review and
Herald, 1965–1966).
10. Edwards, D. L. & Stott, J. Essentials : A
Liberal–Evangelical Dialogue London :
Hodder & Stoughton, 1988, pp. 313–320.
11. Gore, The Religion of the Church Oxford:
Mowbray, 1916, pp. 91f.
12. Temple, W., Christus Veritas London:
Macmillan, 1924, p. 209
13. Quick O.C., Doctrines of the Creed
London: Nisbet, 1933, pp. 257f.
14. Simon U., The End is Not Yet Welwyn:
Nisbet, 1964, pp. 206f.
15. Caird G. B., The Revelation of St John
the Divine London: A. and C. Black., 1966,
pp. 186f., 260
16. Crockett, Four Views on Hell, p52–53
(he accepts the traditional view)
17. http://www.signstimes.com/?
p=article&a=40068829584.786
18.
http://www.sdanet.org/atissue/books/27/2
7-26.htm
19. Gregory A. Boyd and Paul R. Eddy,
Across the Spectrum: Understanding Issues
in Evangelical Theology, 2nd ed. (Grand
Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2009), 286-
287.
20. James H. Charlesworth, Casey Deryl
Elledge, J. L. Crenshaw Resurrection: the
origin and future of a Biblical doctrine 2006
p37 "One may ask, however, How
widespread was early belief in the
resurrection? ... These sources allege that
both Pharisees and Essenes held strong
support for the afterlife, while Sadducees
refused to"
21. St. Ignatius: Epistle to the Magnesians –
http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0105.ht
m
22. St. Justin Martyr: Dialogue with Trypho
(Chapter V) –
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/
justinmartyr-dialoguetrypho.html
23. St. Irenaeus: Against Heresies: Book II,
Chapter 34 –
http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/010323
4.htm
24. Arnobius, Against the Heathen: Book II,
paragraph 61, last sentence.
25. Pinnock, "Fire then Nothing", p40
26. Furthermore, it should be noted that this
comment was made in regard to Calvinism
and their insistence that some were pre-
destined to receive Christ, and others to be
eternally punished. How much weight this
statement of Wesley's should be placed on
his idea of eternal condemnation remains
debated. Actually, the terminology "being
destroyed body and soul in hell" is from the
lips of Jesus. Matthew 10:28 "And do not
fear those who kill the body but cannot kill
the soul. But rather fear Him who is able to
destroy both soul and body in hell."
SERMON 128, Preached at Bristol, in the
year 1740 – "Archived copy" . Archived from
the original on 2000-11-15. Retrieved
2014-11-26.
27. Towards the conversion of England
Church of England Commission on
evangelism – 1946 "... but gives the idea
that 'everyone goes to heaven when he
dies'. 198 During their earlier years children
have to learn how to discriminate between
the world of experience and the world of
imagination."
28. An Inquiry; Are the Souls of the Wicked
Immortal? In Three Letters, 1841. Six
Sermons on the Inquiry: Is there Immortality
in Sin and Suffering?, 1842; followed by
several later versions; reprint
29. It had the motto "No immortality, or
endless life except through Jesus Christ
alone." Sources: Lest We Forget 1:4 (1991) .
"George Storrs: 1796–1879: A Biographical
Sketch ". HarvestHerald.com. Retrieved
June 2010.
30. Letter from Fitch to Storrs, January 25,
1844
31. Gary Land, "Conditional Immortality"
entry in Historical Dictionary of the Seventh-
day Adventists. Scarecrow, 2005, p68–69
32. Roswell F. Cottrell, Review and Herald
1853 – the first clear statement. James
White, "Destruction of the Wicked" series,
Review and Herald 1854 [1] ?. D. P. Hall,
articles in 1854, republished as the book
Man Not Immortal, 1854. J. N.
Loughborough series; republished as Is the
Soul Immortal?, 1856
33. D. M. Canright, History of the Doctrine
of the Immortality of the Soul, 1871.
34. Uriah Smith, Man's Nature and Destiny,
1884
35. Le Roy Froom [and team], The
Conditionalist Faith of our Fathers, 2 vols.
Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald,
1965–66; online link . See also article
series in the Review. One pair of reviews is
Alfred-Félix Vaucher, "The History of
Conditionalism ". Andrews University
Seminary Studies 4:2 (July 1966), p193–
200 [Vol. II]. He considers it of "greatest
use" to theologians and other readers, and
presents only "few reservations" for such a
"voluminous work". It is aimed at English
readers, and thus focuses on Great Britain
and America; Vaucher expounds on
continental European supporters. He
disagrees with the inclusion of the
Waldenses as conditionalists, and other
descriptions of their history. Vaucher,
review in Andrews University Seminary
Studies 5 (1967), p202–204 [Vol. I]. Vaucher
praises Froom's "erudition"; a "monumental
work" without "rival". He questions whether
several individuals should be claimed for
conditionalism, or that the Pharisees taught
an immortal soul. He challenged the
preaching tone of books, and related
artwork
36. Clark Pinnock, "The Conditional View",
p147 footnote 21; in William Crockett, ed.,
Four Views on Hell. Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Zondervan, 1992
37. Vaucher, Alfred-Félix (1966). "The
History of Conditionalism" . Andrews
University Seminary Studies. 4: 193–200.
ISSN 0003-2980 .
38. Brian P. Phillips, "Annihilation or endless
torment? ". Ministry 69:8 (August 1996),
p15,17–18
39. Samuele Bacchiocchi, "Hell: Eternal
Torment or Annihilation? " chapter 6 in
Immortality Or Resurrection?. Biblical
Perspectives, 1997; ISBN 1-930987-12-9,
ISBN 978-1-930987-12-8
40. "Fundamental Beliefs " (1980) webpage
from the official church website. See "25.
Second Coming of Christ", "26. Death and
Resurrection", "27. Millennium and the End
of Sin", and "28. New Earth". The earlier
1872 and 1931 statements also support
conditionalism
41. 1 John 4:8; 1 John 4:16
42. The Handbook of Seventh-day Adventist
Theology (2000) from the Commentary
Reference Series
43. http://www.churchofgod-
7thday.org/Publications/Doctrinal%20Point
s%20Final%20Proof.pdf
44. White, Edward (1878). Life in Christ: A
Study of the Scripture Doctrine On the
Nature of Man, the Object of the Divine
Incarnation, and the Conditions of Human
Immortality .. White does posit an
intermediate conscious state of the soul
pace the standard conditional immortality
belief that the dead are unconscious.
Petavel, Emmanuel (1892). The Problem of
Immortality . Petavel, Emmanuel (1889).
The Extinction of Evil: Three Theological
Essays . Three early essays from one of the
classical advocates of conditional
immortality, a French author. See especially
"Appendix 1: Answers to Objections Urged
Against the Doctrine of the Gradual
Extinction of Obdurate Sinners," beginning
on page 147 of the book. Hudson, Charles
Frederic (1857). Debt and Grace as Related
to a Doctrine of the Future Life . See
Hudson's book Christ Our Life below for an
expanded biblical defense. Hudson, Charles
Frederic (1860). Christ Our Life: The
Scriptural Argument for Immortality
Through Christ Alone .
45. John Stott: A Global Ministry by Timothy
Dudley-Smith, p353
46. J. I. Packer (Spring 1997). Evangelical
Annihilationism in Review (PDF).
Reformation & Revival. 6. pp. 37–51.
47. Essentials: A Liberal-Evangelical
Dialogue by David L. Edwards with a
response from John Stott. 1988, p314
[313–320]
48. In 1993. John Stott: A Global Ministry,
354
49. Essentials, p314
50. Essentials, p314–15
51. Essentials, p320
52. Philip Edgcumbe Hughes, The True
Image: The Origin and Destiny of Man in
Christ. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; and
Leicester, United Kingdom: Inter-Varsity
Press, 1989, p398-407. As cited by Packer
(and Pinnock)
53. John Wenham, The Goodness of God.
London: InterVarsity Press, 1974
54. John Wenham, The Enigma of Evil,
Britain: InterVarsity Press, 1985; a 2nd
edition. A new edition with an extended
chapter on the debate was published by
Eagle books in 1994, from Guilford,
England. As cited by Phillips
55. Wenham, "The Case for Conditional
Immortality" in N. M. S. Cameron, ed.,
Universalism and the Doctrine of Hell.
Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992. A
report on the Fourth Edinburgh Conference
on Christian Dogmatics
56. John Wenham, Facing Hell: An
Autobiography 1913–1996. Paternoster
Press: 1998
57. Wenham in Universalism and the
Doctrine of Hell, p190,191; as quoted by
Phillips
58. Edward W. Fudge, The Fire that
Consumes: A Biblical and Historical Study
of Final Punishment. Houston: Providential,
1982. Author's webpage Archived March
25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Fudge is
a member of the Churches of Christ
59. Four Views on Hell, p137 footnote 5
60. As cited by Phillips
61. An early article was Pinnock, "Fire, then
Nothing". Christianity Today (March 20,
1987), p40–41. He lists the evangelical
authors who persuaded him as: Stott,
Fudge, Hughes, and Green (as cited
elsewhere in this article), and Stephen
Travis, I Believe in the Second Coming of
Christ. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982,
p196–199. Listed in Four Views on Hell,
p137 footnote 5
62. Basil F. C. Atkinson, Life and
Immortality: An Examination of the Nature
and Meaning of Life and Death as They Are
Revealed in the Scriptures. Taunton,
England: printed by E. Goodman, 196–?. As
cited by Phillips, and WorldCat
63. John Stott: A Global Ministry, p353
64. An Exposition of the Seven Church Ages
(1965), 133–135; The Revelation of the
Seven Seals (1967), 487
65. Church of England, "The Mystery of
Salvation: The Doctrine Commission of the
General Synod" (1995), p199; published by
Church House Publishing, London, 1995;
copyrighted by The Central Board of
Finance of the Church of England, 1995,
ISBN 0-7151-3778-6
66. Evangelical Alliance; Alliance
Commission on Unity and Truth among
Evangelicals (2000). "Conclusions and
Recommendations" . In Hilborn, David (ed.).
The Nature of Hell. London: Paternoster
Publishing. pp. 130–5. ISBN 978-0-
9532992-2-5.
67. 21st Century Evangelicals: A snapshot
of the beliefs and habits of evangelical
Christians in the UK . Evangelical Alliance
and Christian Research, 2011, p9
68. Eryl Davies, The Wrath of God,
Evangelical Movement of Wales.W. G. T.
Shedd, The Doctrine of Endless
Punishment, was reissued by Banner of
Truth Trust. As cited by Phillips
69. Paul Helm, The Last Things: Death,
Judgment, Heaven and Hell. Banner of
Truth, 1989
70. Letter from F. F. Bruce to John Stott in
1989, as quoted in John Stott: A Global
Ministry, 354
71. According to F. F. Bruce, in his foreword
to Edward Fudge, The Fire That Consumes,
p.viii
72. Pinnock, "The Conditional View", in
Crockett; p150 incl. footnote 28
73. C. S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain.
London and Glasgow: Collins, 1940, p114–
115; emphasis in original
74. Zühlsdorf, Fr. John. WDTPRS: Thursday
in the 1st Week of Lent . Posted on 17
March 2011.
75. Essentials, p316
76. Edward Fudge, The Fire That Consumes:
A Biblical and Historical Study of Final
Punishment (Houston: Providential Press,
1982).
77. Wild, Robert (2015). A Catholic Reading
Guide to Universalism. Wipf and Stock
Publishers. ISBN 9781498223188.
78. von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1988). Dare
We Hope: "that All Men be Saved"? ; With, A
Short Discourse on Hell. Ignatius Press.
ISBN 9780898702071.
79. Wild, Robert (2016). A Catholic Reading
Guide to Conditional Immortality - The Third
Alternative to Hell and Universalism. Wipf
and Stock Publishers.
ISBN 9781498297271.
80. Griffiths, Paul (2014). Decreation: The
Last Things of All Creatures. Baylor
University Press. ISBN 9781481302296.
81. Crockett, William V. (1992). Four Views
on Hell. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan.
82. chapter 6, "Hell: Not Endless" in The
Enigma of Evil by John Wenham, p68–92;
esp. 81–83. Quotations are Wenham's
terms, not the Bible's necessarily. The first
edition of the book was titled, The
Goodness of God, but contained little or
none of this discussion
83. Bowles, Ralph G. (2000). "Does
Revelation 14:11 Teach Eternal Torment?
Examining a Proof-text on Hell" (PDF).
Evangelical Quarterly. 73 (1): 21–36.
84. Millard Erickson, Christian Theology,
2nd Ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic,
1998), pp1242–1244.
85. Richard Bauckham, "Universalism: a
historical survey" , Themelios 4.2
(September 1978): 47–54.
86. Fisher, David A. (December 2011). "The
Question of Universal Salvation: Will All Be
Saved?" (PDF). The Maronite Voice, Volume
VII, Issue No. XI. Archived from the original
(PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 2,
2014.
87.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?
search=Lamentations+3%3A31-
33&version=NIV
88.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?
search=1+Timothy+4%3A10&version=NIV
89. Michael Green, Evangelism Through the
Local Church. London: Hodder and
Stoughton, 1990, p69–70
90. N. T. Wright, Surprised by Hope, chapter
11 "Purgatory, Paradise, Hell"; preview ; as
cited elsewhere
Lectura adicional
Various doctrines about hell:
Advocates of annihilationism:
Enlaces externos
Look up annihilationism in Wiktionary,
the free dictionary.
Supportive
RethinkingHell.com Exploring
evangelical conditionalism
Afterlife.co.nz The Conditional
Immortality Association of New Zealand
Inc. is a non-profit organization
established to promote a Biblical
understanding of human nature, life,
death and eternity as taught throughout
Scripture.
Jewish not Greek Shows how Biblical
hermeneutics proves "annihilationism"
and not the Greek philosophical belief in
innate immortality.
Critical
"Hell – Eternity of Hell " in Catholic
Encyclopedia
Evangelicals and the Annihilation of Hell
– Part 1 , Part 2 by Alan W. Gomes.
(Note the article incorrectly states
Edward Fudge is from the Adventist
tradition)
"Undying Worm, Unquenchable Fire " by
Robert A. Peterson. Christianity Today
44:12 (October 23, 2000)
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Annihilationism&oldid=891567809"