THEORY OF MARXISM

1. To what concept does each theory explain?

Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx, which
examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development and
argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism. Marxism posits
that the struggle between social classes, specifically between the bourgeoisie, or capitalists,
and the proletariat, or workers, defines economic relations in a capitalist economy and will
inevitably lead to revolutionary communism.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages
A. Advantages
It tends to create a system of true equality.
Although Marxism’s system of government is considered as communism, it places an
emphasis on human rights, with its foundation encompassing equal gender roles, health
care and access to education. It offers benefits to the society.
If you look at the Marxist theory, it considers society as a whole, which means that it
acknowledges all the social forces involved, including the power interests of different
groups. It helps with capitalism.
Ironically, when huge multi-nationals dominate the entire world economy, capital
advocates would tell us that the future lies with small businesses or always state that
“Small is beautiful”.
B. Disadvantages
It tries to abolish religion.
Under Marxism, you would have the freedom to have your own faith, but you would
not have the freedom to practice it in a way that is organized. It negatively affects the
educational system.
It is important to note that Marxist education implements one that is absolutely state-
controlled, which means that it regards too much importance to the role of the state in
education, which means that the methodology of teaching, curriculum construction and
examination system would be determined by the state and it does not allow other
agencies in education—local or regional—to have their say. It limits opportunities
for entrepreneurs.
If you are in doing business under Marxism, then basically, you would be working for
the government, which means that are not going to work as an entrepreneur, freelancer
or sole business owner because everything would run through the government.
THEORY OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. Constructivism evolved as part of a more general trend in international relations
scholarship, a trend that has seen a shift from the study of the relationship between assumed
fixed, given units, nation‐states, to the study of encounter between political entities. The
study of the encounter, however, affects a subtle but significant change in the assumed
spatial context in which international relationships are taking place. The underpinning
image of the geographical space, the envelope in which international relationships take
place, has shifted from an image of a divided space made of separate and isolated nation‐
states to an image of a global space, an arena that give rise to problems of encounters
between social units. Encounter theories, of which constructivism in all its variations is a
good example, are predicated, in other words, on an assumed global world (however
ambiguous and inchoate this notion of global might be), and in that sense they advance,
unwittingly, a theory of globalization.

2. Advantages and Disadvantages

The advantages of constructivism and constructivists is that they “construct” their world.
They are able to communicate with others through various ways, may it be through symbols
or other means. This way they are able to form bonds with people through different areas,
therefore enhancing their reach.
The disadvantages of constructivism however is that, they often ignore psychological and
economical forces that will help them shape their mental capacity. This theory also neglects
hierarchy and has a in-built apolitical tendency