Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Review of Related Studies

Environment friendly bricks are not only used as pavement it can also be used as

walls in houses thus reducing the plastics in the environment (Naresh et.al., 2017).

Plastic is a material that can be formed in different shapes. Plastic bricks are commonly

used as pavements but it can also be used as bricks that can serve as wall of a house or

a building. Plastics when melted can become liquid state and can flow and follow a specific

shape or form. When using plastic as material for building blocks or bricks, you can make

anything you want. It can be a decoration and a material for construction.

Arulrajah et.al. 2010, one of the global concern is pollution, recycling and reducing

plastic is a way of reducing such problem. Because of the large amount of plastic in the

world, recycling plastics by making plastic bricks have been of great help in reducing the

amount of plastic present on the environment. Creating another product from plastic

waste can reduce the pollution in the environment and can also be a source of income or

money. Recycling and reusing plastics waste is a way of reducing it. Plastic waste is a

major concern in the world and this is the method that people found effective in making

the environment cleaner.

Plastic wastes is the most common waste seen in the environment, it contribute a

big percent in the total solid wastes (Singhal et.al., 2018). Plastic waste can be seen

everywhere because it is non-biodegradable, it cannot mix with the soil and stay hidden

over a period of time. It will not change its composition. Unlike biodegradable materials

like fruit peels, plastics cannot decompose on land, a plastic waste that was made
centuries ago can still be present up until today. Plastic waste will not be gone for good

but will remain on earth.

According to Batayneh M. et.al. (2010), non-biodegradable waste is a problem in

terms of disposing it, unlike biodegradable waste, these can be seen and live on for a

long time. Because of the non-biodegradable waste, disposing waste is not an easy task.

A ways of disposing plastic will be through recycling, when one throw plastic waste

anywhere it will not be gone for good but will return when time comes, it is a large

contributing factor in the pollutions in the world, it also contributes in global warming.

Plastic waste is a major problem faced from the past till the present because of its inability

to decompose. People should eye ways in reducing plastic waste.

The manufactured plastic bricks can also help get rid of too much plastics in the

surrounding and is also cost-efficient and more fuel efficient to make than the

conventional bricks (Jefferson et. al., 2009). The rising number of discarded plastics in

the world can be lessen with the manufacture of plastic bricks. Plastic bricks will also be

less expensive than the conventional bricks given that the materials can be found in the

environment as wastes. Plastics will not be scattered in the environment for consumers

will create products from plastic wastes like pavement bricks. Creating plastic bricks will

not only be of help in getting rid of the plastic wastes in the environment and achieving

a plastic-free surrounding but will also help the consumers and manufacturers in creating

innovations in making bricks.

Blocks of concrete have been used in pavements in Europe for more than 50 years.

This is why recently concrete block pavements have become an attractive engineering
and economical alternative to both flexible and rigid pavements. The power, durability

and aesthetically pleasing surfaces have made paving blocks desirable for many retail,

municipal and industrial applications such as parking areas, pedestrian paths, and traffic

inter-sections, container yards and roads. Water-retaining concrete block pavements, are

also used in areas frequented by many people including sideways, parks, and squares,

and they are projected to grow in the future (Wahid et. al., 2017)

According to Aathesan et.al., (2010), recycling is clearly a technique for waste

management, but it can also perceive as one present. High levels of recycling, such as

reuse and repair or re-manufacture, can allow for a given level of product service with

lower inputs of material than would otherwise be required. Implementing the concept of

industrial ecology, whereas in a natural ecosystem there are no wastes but only products.

Plastics recycling is one way to reduce the impact on the environment and the depletion

of resources.

The rapid increase in the use of plastics and plastic wastes in the world is caused

by economic growth and consumption patterns of the consumers (Kadir et,al. 2011).

Proper disposal of plastic wastes is a problem faced by the society today. The

consumption of the consumers is a factor in the increasing use of plastics in the world.

Infrastructures are build that may help in boosting the economy of a country. These may

be another source of plastic wastes in the environment. Consumers also contributes to

plastic wastes. They obtain goods from the market packed in plastic--which is a

convenient material in carrying the goods. Consuming more can lead to more plastics

obtained thus contributing to plastic wastes in the environment. Everyone can contribute
to plastic wastes. Practicing proper wastes disposal and following the 4 R’s can be of

great help in decreasing the plastic wastes present in the surrounding

The global warming is not as it mere due to climate alter but able to the clashing

worldwide darkening due to the contamination within the air. Due to the high content of

organic matter in water sludge is necessary to remove organic compounds contained

therein. For brick making mixture of various proportions from 10 percent to 50 percent

by weight of sludge added to shale were used as waste materials in hand -molded brick

making. The specifications of the produced pavement based plastic wastes presented the

state of the art of manufacturing bricks in current trend in the bricks industry with respect

to the waste materials ( Managed et.al. (2011)).