GIS 12-052-Transformers - ANSI

Document No.
GIS 12-052
Applicability Group
Date 09 September, 2003
Guidance on Industry Standard for

Power Transformers (ANSI)
GIS 12-052
DO NOT COPY BP GROUP

ENGINEERING TECHNICAL PRACTICES
09 September, 2003 GIS 12-052
Guidance on Industry Standard for Power Transformers (ANSI)
Foreword
This is the first issue of Engineering Technical Practice (ETP) GIS 12-052. This Guidance on Industry
Standard (GIS) is based on the following heritage documents from merged BP companies:
Amoco (ACES)
A EL-TR-00-G Electrical—Transformers—Selection Guide
A EL-TR-00-E Electrical—Transformers—Selection Specification
A EL-TR-LI-P Electrical—Transformers—Liquid-Immersed—Supply Specification
A EL-TR-OH-P Electrical—Transformers—Overhead Type—Supply Specification
A EL-TR-PM-P Electrical—Transformers—Pad-Mounted—Supply Specification
Arco (APCES)
ES 407-93 Outdoor Power Transformer
BP GOMDW
1400-20-EL-SP-4018 Liquid Filled Power Transformers
BP Chemicals US
CP 17-4-1 Power Transformers
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Copyright © 2003, BP Group. All rights reserved. The information contained in this
document is subject to the terms and conditions of the agreement or contract under which
the document was supplied to the recipient’s organization. None of the information
contained in this document shall be disclosed outside the recipient’s own organization
without the prior written permission of Manager, Standards, BP Group, unless the terms of
such agreement or contract expressly allow.
Page 2 of 12
Table of Contents
Page
Foreword............................................................................................................................................2
Scope.................................................................................................................................................3
Normative references.........................................................................................................................3
General requirements for transformer design, materials and fabrication ...........................................3
Overhead transformers (500 kVA & smaller) .....................................................................................3
3 Ratings......................................................................................................................................3
3.2 Voltage ratings and tap ratings......................................................................................3
6 Construction..............................................................................................................................3
6.1 Bushings and terminals .................................................................................................3
6.2 Accessory equipment ....................................................................................................3
Dry-type transformers ........................................................................................................................3
Pad-mounted transformers (2500 kVA & smaller) .............................................................................3
6 Tests .........................................................................................................................................3
6.3 Power factor tests..........................................................................................................3
7 Construction..............................................................................................................................3
7.1 General..........................................................................................................................3
7.2 Bushings and terminals .................................................................................................3
7.6 Tanks.............................................................................................................................3
9 Other requirements that may be specified for some applications.............................................3
Liquid-immersed transformers ...........................................................................................................3
4.2 Kilovolt-Ampere ratings .................................................................................................3
4.5 Taps...............................................................................................................................3
4.8 Routine tests..................................................................................................................3
5.1 Accessories ...................................................................................................................3
5.2 Bushings........................................................................................................................3
5.3 Lifting, moving, and jacking facilities .............................................................................3
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5.4 Nameplate .....................................................................................................................3
5.5 Ground pads..................................................................................................................3
5.6 Polarity, angular displacement and terminal markings ..................................................3
5.8 Tanks.............................................................................................................................3
5.9 Auxiliary cooling equipment...........................................................................................3
5.10 Power supply for transformer auxiliary equipment and control......................................3
5.11 Radiators .......................................................................................................................3
5.12 Windings........................................................................................................................3
5.13 Accessory wiring............................................................................................................3
5.14 Painting..........................................................................................................................3
9.4 Junction boxes...............................................................................................................3
Page 3 of 12
9.14 Other insulating liquid ....................................................................................................3

Proposal.............................................................................................................................................3
Drawings and documentation ...................................................................................................3
Shipping .............................................................................................................................................3
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Page 4 of 12
Scope
This document provides guidance on industry standard for the design, materials, fabrication,
inspection, testing, documentation, and preparation for shipment of power transformers based on
ANSI standards.
Normative references
The following normative documents contain requirements that, through reference in this text,
constitute requirements of this technical practice. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this
technical practice are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
document referred to applies.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

C57.12.10 American National Standard, For Transformers-230 kV and Below,
833/958 through 8333/10417 kVA, Single-Phase, and 750/862 through
60 000/ 80 000/ 100 000 kVA, Three-Phase Without Load Tap Changing;
and 3750/4687 through 60 000/ 80 000/ 100 000 kVA with Load Tap
Changing-Safety Requirements
C57.12.20 American National Standard, For Transformers-Standard for Overhead
Type Distribution Transformers, 500 kVA and Smaller High Voltage,
34500 Volts and below Low voltage, 7970/13800Y Volts and Below
C57.12.22 American National Standard, For Transformers-Pad-Mounted,
Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled Distribution Transformers with High-
Voltage Bushings, 2500 kVA and Smaller High Voltage, 34 500 GRD
Y/19 920 Volts and below Low Voltage, 480 Volts and below
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

C57.12.01 IEEE Standard General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and
Power Transformers including those with Solid-Cast and/or Resin-
Encapsulated Windings
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Page 5 of 12
General requirements for transformer design, materials and fabrication
Transformer performance guarantees shall be provided on:
a. No load losses
b. Full load losses
c. Percent impedance, both positive and zero-sequence between various windings
d. Percentage regulation at 100% and 80% power factor.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) contamination of insulating liquid shall not exceed one part per
million (PPM). PCB PPM shall be recorded on permanent nameplate.
Overhead transformers (500 kVA & smaller)
Materials, construction and testing of overhead transformers shall be in accordance with

ANSI C57.12.20-1997.Numbering of the following sections and paragraphs corresponds to
section and paragraph numbering of ANSI C57.12.20-1997. and reflects additions, deletions,
and revisions. Requirements of ANSI C57.12.20-1997 that are not revised remain applicable.
3 Ratings
3.2 Voltage ratings and tap ratings

3.2.1 Revise second sentence to read
Taps shall be provided.
3.2.2 Revise first sentence to read
Taps ratings for single- and three-phase transformers shall be in accordance with Table 5,
Option 1, except 14400 V primary rating shall have universal taps rated at 13800, 13200, 12870,
and 12540 V.
3.2.2 Revise second sentence to read
Tap rating shall be at rated kVA.
6 Construction
6.1 Bushings and terminals
6.1.2 Terminals
Add:
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6.1.2.6 Primary connectors and terminals shall be suitable for copper or aluminium, stranded or solid
conductor.
6.1.3 Neutral termination
Add:
6.1.3.5 Primary connectors and terminals shall be suitable for copper or aluminium, stranded or solid
conductor.
Page 6 of 12
6.2 Accessory equipment

Revise sentence to read:
In addition to accessory equipment listed in Tables 7, 8 and 15 and located as shown in
Figures 6 through 13, a dial type oil temperature gage, liquid level gage, a drain valve and
sampling device and upper filter press connection should be provided
6.2.1 Tap changer

Revise fourth sentence to read:
Transformers should have an externally operated tap changer for de-energized operation.
6.3.3 Terminal markings
Add
6.3.3.2 Internal lead identification should be embossed on the lead.
Add:
6.6 Windings
Windings shall be either copper or aluminium
Dry-type transformers
Materials, construction, and testing of dry-type transformers shall be in accordance with

IEEE C57.12.01.
Pad-mounted transformers (2500 kVA & smaller)
Materials, construction and testing of pad-mounted transformers shall be in accordance with

and revisions. Requirements of ANSI C57.12.22 that are not revised remain applicable.
6 Tests
Add:
6.3 Power factor tests

Insulation power-factor test shall be performed on transformers rated 500 kVA and above.
7.1
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Insulation power factor shall be less than 0.5%.
Construction
General
Add
7.1.8 Finish of transformer enclosure shall be ANSI 61, light gray consisting of a Corrosion-resistant
metal primer and a durable machinery enamel finish.
Page 7 of 12
7.2 Bushings and terminals

7.2.6 Revise first sentence to read:
The low-voltage neutral bushing shall be a fully insulated terminal.
7.6 Tanks
7.6.1 Revise last sentence to read:
A NPT 1 drain plug (or cap) for transformers rated 75 – 300 kVA; and a NPT 1 drain valve with
built-in sampling device for transformers rated 500 – 2500 kVA shall be provided.
Add:
The 25ºC operating liquid level shall be marked inside of tank.
Liquid-level indicator shall be provided
a. Indicator shall be magnetic type
b. Indicator shall have minimum, maximum and 25ºC operating levels marked on dial.
9 Other requirements that may be specified for some applications
Add:
Windings shall be copper and delta-wye grounded.
Liquid-immersed transformers
Materials, construction and testing of liquid-immersed transformers shall be in accordance with

and revisions. Requirements of ANSI C57.12.10 that are not revised remain applicable.
4.2 Kilovolt-Ampere ratings

4.2.1 Revise to read:
Transformer winding temperature rise at its continuous kVA rating shall be 55/65ºC average
winding temperature rise by resistance or a 65/80ºC hotspot temperature rise.
Add:
4.2.3 With fans in operation the transformer rating shall be increased by a minimum of 15% through
2000 kVA and a minimum of 25% for 2500 kVA through 10000 kVA..
4.2.4 C57.12.00 5.1.1(1) is revised to read: 500 kVA and below shall be liquid-immersed, self cooled:
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4.2.5
class ONAN. 500 kVA up to 10,000 kVA shall be liquid immersed, self cooled/future forced air
cooled: class ONAN/(future)ONAF. Above 10,000 kVA transformers shall be liquid-immersed
self cooled/forced air cooled/forced air cooled: class ONAN/ONAF1/ONAF2.
Current carrying components shall be rated at maximum name plate rating plus due allowance
for operating within the Rating Guide.
4.5 Taps
4.5.1 Add after last sentence:
Rated voltage and performance characteristics shall be based on nominal tap voltage
Page 8 of 12
4.8 Routine tests
Add:
4.8.3 For transformers rated 500 kVA and above insulation power factor tests shall be performed.
Test reading shall not exceed 0.5% corrected to 20°C temperature.
4.8.4 An oil-analysis test shall be performed on all transformers. The following information should
be reported:
a. Dielectric Strength.
b. PCB Content.
c. Colour.
d. Moisture Content.
e. Interfacial Tension.
f. Acidity.
g. Gas in Oil Analysis.
5.1 Accessories
5.1.4 After 4th sentence add:
The pressure-vacuum gage shall include a Pressure test connection (air test valve).
5.2 Bushings
Add:
Transformer cover mounted bushings rated 400 ampere at medium voltages (15 kV to 69 kV
inclusive) and up to 800 ampere at transmission voltages (greater than 69 kV) should have
draw-lead bushings.
Add:
5.2.4 Outdoor transformers with exposed bushings and with nominal voltages greater than 4kV (line
to line) shall have these bushings supplied as "extra creep". When extra creep bushings are not
available the next available higher voltage class bushing shall be supplied.
5.2.5 All bushings 15 kV class and higher shall be designed to permit power factor testing by the
Owner. Suitable weather tight plugs shall be provided to cover the probe test connection point
when not in use.
5.2.6 Bushings shall be rated for full current capacity of the transformer including forced cooling and
assigned overloads. Documented bushing ratings for the application, e.g. outdoors, in a flanged
chamber, etc., must be provided at the time of bid. If the application results in a de-rating of the
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5.3
5.3.3
bushing, this shall be identified, and appropriate measures taken to correct the problem.
Lifting, moving, and jacking facilities

Add to end of first sentence:
“as referred in Figure 1.”
5.3.3 Add:
Base shall be suitable for mounting on a concrete base.
Page 9 of 12
5.4 Nameplate
Add:
Nameplates shall be visible and not be attached to radiators.
5.5 Ground pads

All transformers shall be provided with one ground pad available for close connection to a
neutral (if present) or near the low-voltage (LV) bushings if no neutral is present. If neutral
bushing is on bolted cover, this pad should be welded on tank sidewall near bushing. If neutral
bushing is on the sidewall, ground pad should be inside terminal box or connection throat. A
removable strap shall be provided and connected between the neutral bushing and the ground
pad.
All transformers shall have....
5.6 Polarity, angular displacement and terminal markings

Three-phase transformer shall be connected DELTA high voltage, WYE low voltage with an
angular displacement of 30 degrees, with LV lagging HV as shown in Figure 4.
5.8 Tanks
5.8.2 Revise 1st sentence to read:
Tanks and radiators shall be designed for....
A welded main cover shall be provided.
5.9 Auxiliary cooling equipment

Fan motors shall be rated 220/208 volts, 60 Hz, single-phase, without centrifugal switch, and
individually fused or otherwise thermally protected.
5.9.2 After the 2nd paragraph, add:
Fan supports shall be bolted/welded on the transformer tank.
5.10 Power supply for transformer auxiliary equipment and control
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nd
After the 2 paragraph,add:
Control power transformers shall have over-current protection. Transformer control components
shall be mounted in a NEMA 4 weatherproof enclosure.
This is typically not an issue since power for fans , control, and alarms is normally
supplied by the customer site
Add:
5.11 Radiators
Welded tubular radiators shall be provided on transformers up to and including 10,000 kVA.
Removable type radiators with valves shall be provided on transformers 12,000 kVA and above.
Page 10 of 12
Nothing shall be mounted on the radiators.
Add:
5.12 Windings
Windings shall be copper.
Add:
5.13 Accessory wiring

Control wire shall be XHHW or THHN insulated, No. 14 AWG stranded copper.
Control relays shall be industrial grade rating, 600 volts with 10 ampere continuous contact
rating.
Terminal blocks shall be rated 600 volt and accept conductors No. 22 through No. 8 AWG.
Conduits shall be rigid galvanized steel.
Add:
5.14 Painting
Finish of the transformer enclosure shall be ANSI 61 consisting of:
a. Corrosion-resistant metal primer.
b. Durable machinery/enamel finish.
9.4 Junction boxes

If applicable, the bottom-entry, full height, high voltage, air terminal, junction box with shelf
and neoprene gasketed cover shall be mounted.
9.14 Other insulating liquid

Add:
Silicone shall be an acceptable alternative to oil.
Proposal
The base quotation shall be in strict accord with this specification and the applicable data sheets.
Alternate quotations may also be submitted if deviations from these specifications or data sheets
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are clearly stated and a base quotation is offered.
Evaluation of quotations will take into account transformer efficiency (based on no-load loss,
cooling losses, and load [loss = (total loss minus no-load loss)].
Service-proven designs shall be offered. If a design is offered that has not been proven in
service for at least two years, proposals shall indicate which parts of the transformer are affected
and the extent of experience with these parts. Transformer designs scheduled for supersede shall
not be used.
Drawings and documentation

Drawings provided for this equipment shall show equipment as specified and ordered. Typical
drawings are not acceptable.
Page 11 of 12
Information to be supplied with quotations

a. Exceptions.
b. Equipment or features not specified.
c. Detailed descriptions of proposed equipment, accessories, and features.
d. Equipment layout and dimensions.
e. Identification of equipment not UL listed.
f. Identification of “third party” components, equipment and systems.
g. Price and availability of recommended spare parts.
h. Itemized list of unassembled equipment including shipping splits and ship loose items.
i. Example of proposed wire marking identification system.
j. Cost for witness testing.
k. Installation, maintenance and operating instructions.
l Type test certificates.
Information to be submitted after receipt of order

a. Size and location of conduit connections, cable entrances, and throats, referred to
transformer centrelines.
b. Location of grounding pad(s) and size of holes.
c. Size and location of anchor bolts.
d. Horizontal and vertical clearances necessary for dismantling and removing core and cover.
Weights of the core and tank without oil should be listed.
Shipping
a. Manufacturer shall be responsible for the adequacy of the preparation for shipment.
b. Components shipped separately shall be properly tagged to identify their final installation
location.
c. Components with moving parts which might be damaged in shipment, shall be securely
blocked and braced to prevent damage.
d. Shipping blocks, binding, etc., shall be clearly marked so that their removal is assured.
Special precautions that must be observed in removal of shipping restraints shall be clearly
marked on shipping container or crate.
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e. Complete installation instructions for any parts shipped separate from tank and core
assembly shall accompany transformer shipment.
f. Transformer shall be shipped filled with oil for normal 25°C level.
g. Shipments shall be identified with Company’s requisition and appropriation numbers and
transformer tag number.
h. Material Safety Data Sheet(s) (MSDS’s) for equipment shall be provided to shipper at time
of shipping.
i. MSDS’s shall conform to all relevant regulations where equipment will be located.
j. If any chemical so shipped is exempt from such laws, a statement to that effect shall be
included on MSDS.
Page 12 of 12

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Document No.

Guidance on Industry Standard for

DO NOT COPY BP GROUP

9.14 Other insulating liquid ....................................................................................................3

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

General requirements for transformer design, materials and fabrication

Transformer performance guarantees shall be provided on:

Overhead transformers (500 kVA & smaller)

Materials, construction and testing of overhead transformers shall be in accordance with

3.2 Voltage ratings and tap ratings

6.1 Bushings and terminals

6.1.3 Neutral termination

6.2 Accessory equipment

6.2.1 Tap changer

6.3.3 Terminal markings

Materials, construction, and testing of dry-type transformers shall be in accordance with

Pad-mounted transformers (2500 kVA & smaller)

Materials, construction and testing of pad-mounted transformers shall be in accordance with

6.3 Power factor tests

7.2 Bushings and terminals

9 Other requirements that may be specified for some applications

Materials, construction and testing of liquid-immersed transformers shall be in accordance with

4.2 Kilovolt-Ampere ratings

4.8 Routine tests

Lifting, moving, and jacking facilities

5.5 Ground pads

5.6 Polarity, angular displacement and terminal markings

5.9 Auxiliary cooling equipment

5.10 Power supply for transformer auxiliary equipment and control

Nothing shall be mounted on the radiators.

5.13 Accessory wiring

9.4 Junction boxes

9.14 Other insulating liquid

Drawings and documentation

Information to be supplied with quotations

Information to be submitted after receipt of order

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