Disaster

Preparedness Response

Mitigation Rehabilitation

Prevention Reconstruction See

Development

Lava Flow

Debris
Ashfall
Avalanche
Pyroclastic
Density
Current
Volcanic
Lahars
Gases

Ballistic
Projectile

human induced
geography climate
calamities
DECENTRALIZATION
•global trend of devolving the responsibilities of
centralized governments to local governments.

INSTITUTIONS
•government agencies are gearing up projects that aim
to increase their capacity to respond to disasters.

ACCOUNTABILITY
•proper allocation of roles and responsibilities across
public and private stakeholders.
 All volcanic eruptions are caused by gas
escaping from the magma. The viscosity of
the magma determines the ease at which it
Decentralization
escapes.

Institutions

Accountability

Hazard - a phenomenon that causes disruption.

Disaster - a serious disruption of the functioning of society.

Vulnerability -

Capacity - positive.

Risk -

Element at Risk - societal components exposed to hazards.

Relief - required in search and rescue survivors for their basic needs.

Recovery -

Hazard

Disaster

Vulnerability - condition that lessens the people’s ability to withstand a hazard.

Capacity - condition that increases a community’s ability to deal with hazards.

Risk - probability of the damages caused by the hazard.

Element at Risk - process undertaken by the community to fully restore itself.

2. Response

Republic Act 10121 – a law that requires

A the country’s
sudden government
release of energy in theand itscrust
earth’s
citizens to be prepared for a disaster.
 Hazard Disaster Vulnerability

Element at
Capacity Risk
Risk

Response Relief Recovery

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

CHAPTER I: BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGIES IN DANGER MANAGEMENT BASIC DEFINITION OF

TERMS

Hazard – phenomenon or situation which has the potential to cause disruption.

Disaster – a serious disruption of the functioning of society.

Vulnerability – conditions that reduces people’s ability to prepare or withstand or respond to a hazard.

Capacity – positive conditions or abilities that increase a community’s ability to deal with hazard.

Risk – probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the
impact of a particular hazard.

Element at risk – persons, buildings, or other such like societal components exposed to known hazard.

Response – action taken immediately following the impacts of a disaster.

Relief – required in search and rescue survivors as well as to need basic needs.

Recovery – process undertaken by disaster affected community to fully restore itself to pre-level of
functioning.

Rehabilitation – action taken in the aftermath of a disaster.

Reconstruction – permanent measures to repair or replace damaged dwelling.

Development – sustained efforts intended to improve or maintain the social and economic well-being.

Prevention – measures taken to avert a disaster from occurring if possible.

Mitigation – measure taken prior to the impact of a disaster to minimize is effects.

Preparedness – taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are
taken aftermath.

Disaster Management – collective term comprising all aspects of planning for preparing and responding
to disasters.

Disaster Risk Management – a broad range of activities disagreed to blah blah

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)

National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC)

Disaster – Response – Rehabilitation – Reconstruction – Development – Prevention – Mitigation –

Preparedness
𝐻𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑥 𝑉𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 =
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
General Impacts of Disaster: Loss of lives, Injuries, Diseases, Mental & Social & Physical, Damage to
properties, Economic and environmental degradation

Types of Hazard:

 Natural Hazards – natural phenomena that pose threats or cause negative….

Ex. Typhoon, storm surge, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, Lahar flow,
drought
 Human-Made Hazards – involve an element f human intent, negligence, or error.
Ex. Civil conflict, displacement, environmental degradation, oxic waste, fish kills,
nuclear gasses, chemical contamination, famine, drought, fires
 Human-Natural Hazard – combinations of interplay of…

Typhoon

Volcanic Eruption

Tidal Wave

Tsunami

Earthquakes – result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust (recorded with a seismometer)

Phase 1. Alarm

Phase 2. Response

Phase 3. Evacuation

Phase 4. Assembly

Phase 5. Head Count

 Phase 6. Evaluation

STUDENT- LED SCHOOL WATCHING AND HAZARD MAPPING (DEPED ORDER NO. 23, S. 2015)

Aims to instruct all public elementary and secondary schools in the specific engagement of
learners in identifying and addressing hazards ad risks.

DepEd Order No. 50, s. 2011 - implementation

DepEd Order No. 5, s. 2007 – creation

Rationale: Strengthening disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness is one of the ey strategies to
address the vulnerabilities of children inside and outside the school.

Procedure: A. Organizing and preparing the School Watching Team (at least 10 members)

B. School Watching and Hazard Mapping

SENSING AN ECONOMIC TSUNAMI

 Feel
 See
 Hear

Tsu = harbor Nami = wave

Tsunami – a series of waves with extremely long wave length and long period generated wen a body of
water rapidly displace.

Signs: …

Generation of Tsunami: initiation, split, amplification, run-up

DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION HAZARD

Lava Flows – stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure.

Ashfall/Tephra Fall – showers of airborne fine-to-coarse grained volcanic particles that fall out from the
plumes of a volcanic eruption ashfall distribution or disposal is dependent of prevailing wind direction.

Pyroclastic Flows and Surges (Pyroclastic density current) – turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic
materials, mixed with hot gases that flow downslope at very high speeds.

Lahars – rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments and water, usually triggered by intense rainfall
during typhoons, monsoons, and thunderstorms.

Volcanic Gases – gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere which includes water vapor, hydrogen
sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride.
Debris Avalanche/Volcanic Landslide – massive collapse of the side of a volcano, usually triggered by an
earthquake or volcanic eruption.

Ballistic Projectiles – volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano’s vent with force and projectory.

Tsunami – sea waves or wave trains are generated by sudden displacement of water during undersea
eruptions or debris avalanche.

All volcanic eruptions are caused by gas escaping from the magma. The viscosity of the magma determines
the ease at which it escapes. High viscosity causes explosion, while low viscosity causes effusive fumaroles
with fire fountains and lava.

Disaster Preparedness for Volcanic Eruption

PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismoloy)