A

Minor Project Report

ON
BLACK SPOT ANALYSIS ON SH-17
(FROM MAHENDRGARH TO AKODA BUS STAND)

Submitted By:
Jitendra kumar meena (9520)

Under the Guidance of:

Er. Sunny Tawar

Assistant professor
Department of Civil engineering

School of Engineering & Technology

Central University of Haryana
Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh-123029

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a Project report entitled “BLACK SPOT ANALYSIS ON SH-17(FROM
MAHENDRAGARH CITY TO AKODA BUS STAND) is submitted by jitendra kumar
meena(9520), Student of Fourth Year VII semester in Civil Engineering of School of Engineering
& Technology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh during the academic year 2019-
2020. The report has been found satisfactory and is approved for submission.

The matter presented in the project has not been submitted by me for the award of any
other degree of this or any other Institute.

(Jitendra kumar)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of
my knowledge.

(Er. Sunny Tawar)

Date: 27/11/2019 Supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to
complete this report. A special gratitude, I give to our final year project guider Er. SUNNY
TAWAR whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to
coordinate my project especially in writing this report.

Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff
of CIVIL ENGINEERING, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the
necessary materials to complete the project “BLACK SPOT ANALYSIS ON SH-17”. A special
thanks goes to my team mate, who help me to assemble the parts and gave suggestion about the
project. Last but not least, many thanks go to the head of the department. [DR. VIKAS GARG]
whose have invested his full effort in guiding the team in achieving the goal. I have to appreciate
the guidance given by other supervisor as well as the panels especially in our project presentation
that has improved our presentation skills thanks to their comment and advices.

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 DECLARATION

We the undersigned solemnly declare that the project report (BLACK SPOT ANALYSIS ON SH-17) is
submitted to the Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh, is a record of original work done
by us under the guidance of Mr. Sunny Tawar, Assistant Professor of Department of Civil
Engineering and this project work is submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering.

We assert the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my project work. We
further certify that the work contained in the report is original and has been done by me under the
general supervision of my supervisor.

We have followed the guidelines provided by the university in writing the report. Whenever we
have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from other sources, we have given due
credit to them and giving their details in the references.

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 Abstract

This study is to analyse the accidents, Safety issues and improvement measures on
mahendragarh to akoda bus stand onSH-17 which is approx. 18.2kms.. The FIR
recorded from Haryana Police website and have been collected from year august
2015 to august 2019. The FIR report contains the data as Time of Accident,
HittingVehicle, Hitten Vehicle, Deaths, Injuries, Location and Types of accidents.
The FIR data was compiled and various parameters have been checked out to
determine the criticality of the links and stretches. Pedestrians are mainly the
victims on the stretch. Some Black spot locations were also been identified and
measures have been suggested in the stretch. The study shows that the
number of road traffic crashes is on the increase for all indicators including
pedestrian fatalities. Analyzing crash records from 2015 to 2019, a total of
8 crashes were recorded in 2015, 40 crashes in 2016, 13 crashes in 2017, 13
crashes in 2018 whereas in the year 2019 recorded a total of 6 crashes, thus,
Total number of crashes from the year 2015 to 2019 is 80 in the stretch
Mahendragarh to akoda bus stand in the state of Haryana which is18.2 kms. In this
thesis, the causes and type of collisions occurred in the various crashes and major
four Black spot locations were also identified and measures have been suggested
to prevent accidents in future.

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 List of Figures

FIGURE NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

FIG. 1 10

FIG. 2 11

FIG. 3 13

FIG. 4 14

FIG. 5 25

FIG. 6 26

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 List of Tables

Table No. Name of Table Page No.

Table.1 10-11

Table.2 11

Table.3 12

Table.4 13-14

Table.5 14-15

Table.6 21

Table.7 22

Table.8 23

Table.9 24

Table.10 25
Table.11 27

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 CONTENTS

Certificate 1

Acknowledgement 2

Declaration 3

Abstract 4

List of figure 5

List of table 6

Contents 7

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 2
1.2 Need for India Specific study 9
1.3 Objective of present study 10
1.4 Scope of present study 11
1.5 Various stages of study 11
1.6 Chapterisation 12

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Objectives of literature review 14
2.2 Trends in road accidents, injuries, fatalities, motor vehicles 14-15
& road network

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 2.3 Road safety Research Works 16

3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology 20
3.2 Data Collection/Analysis 21
3.3 Improvement Measures 22
3.4 Road under study 23
3.5 Traffic Cens

4. Conclusions and Recommendations

4.1 Conclusions 75

4.2 Measures for Improvement 78

Scope for future study

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 Introduction

1.1 General:

Road accidents are increasing day by day in India, as India is the largest country in the phase
of larger number of Accidents in the Worldwide. More than 700 Black spots were identified &
analysed on National Highways across the country in the year 2015 to 2018 according to
Ministry of Road, Transport & Highways (MORTH). The accident rate is much higher in India
as compared to the other countries such as USA, Canada, Europe As, there is a huge network
of Highways in India but traffic density is also very much high. Indian Literacy percentage is
65% and hence people are less aware of the traffic rules and regulations. These factors have
added in increase in road accidents and further increase in the loss of life and property.
The various causes of accidents may be due to three factors shown in fig 1.
(i) Driver
(ii) Vehicle
(iii) Environment

Figure 1 Various cause of accident

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As per WHO data: - Nearly 12 lakhs people die each year in the road
accidents globally.
- Road accident is the 3rd highest cause of injury death.

The road accidents were ranked number 9 killer in 1990 in world and further expected to rise
at number 3 by the year 2020. Keeping in view of the road accidents as worldwide problem,
the UNO has decided to observe this decade as the decade of action for road accidents.
According to Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH), National Crime Records
Bureau and Law commission of India, Global status report on Road Safety 2018, Over 1.5
million people were killed in road accidents in 2018 alone, i.e. more than the number of
people killed in all our wars put together. About 16 children die daily on Indian Roads and 5
lives end on Delhi’s roads every day and also there is one death every four minutes due to a
road accident in India. Drunk and driving is one of the leading and most common causes of
road fatalities. At least one serious road accident in the country occurs every minute and 16
die on Indian roads every hour and 1214 road crashes occur every day in India. The number
of road accident deaths has been increased in the past 5 years. Two wheelers account for
25% of total number of road crash deaths in India and 20 children under the age of 14 dies
every day due to road crashes in the country and also 377 people die every day, equivalent to
a jumbo jet crashing every day.

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Figure 2 HOW UNSAFE ARE INDIA’S ROADS

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1.2 Need of India specific Study

Unlike, the developed countries India also faces a situation where there are technologically
advanced vehicles, driven by drivers with little traffic education, using relatively less advanced
highways and enforcement systems. Indian traffic flow is heterogeneous, consisting of various
modes of varying dynamic and static characteristics sharing the same road space. This traffic is
characterized by lack of any effective channelization, mode segregation or control of speed.
(Tiwari, 2000) “Vulnerable road users” account for 84 per cent of deaths in urban highways and
67% on rural highways. In MORTH documents 78% accidents are recorded as drivers fault but
according to Haryana DGP “80% of accidents that took place happened due to engineering faults
of road.” (TOI 22.11.2010). Detailed crash data have not been available to have correct
understanding of the casual factors associated with road crashes which have a bearing on road
design issue. Therefore Indian specific study to assess traffic safety performance of various roads
is need of the hour.

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1.3 Objective of Present Study

Road accidents are much higher in India as compared to the developed nations such as USA,
Europe or Canada. Though, there is a huge network of Highways in India but traffic density is
also higher. Indian Literacy percentage is 65% and hence people are less aware about the traffic
rules & regulations. These factors have added as increase in the road accidents. The objective of
this study is to analyse the accidents occurred on a stretch of mhrg to akoda bus stand Road SH-
17 which is 18.2 kms.

According to the data in Haryana around 11,000 road accidents takes place every year in
Haryana and 4700 deaths were reported in Haryana road mishaps in the year 2017.Around a
dozen of people dies and another 27 to 30 sustain injuries takes place every day on Haryana
roads network & highways. The statistics maintained by the Haryana Police, revealed that the
state ranks on the number 10 in the country as far as the road mishaps are concerned.

Senior traffic officials attribute the higher rate of road accidents in Haryana on "well-maintained"
national and state highways, which passes through the state. During the last two months, around
60 people, most of them lost their lives in road accidents are on National & State Highways.

In a study conducted by the state traffic police, it was revealed that the heavy vehicles like
trucks, buses, Lorries, canters, tractors, tempos and vans contribute to the maximum number of
fatal accidents in the state. Out of the total number of fatal and non-fatal accidents, 80 per cent
men either sustain injuries or die. The study also indicated that the maximum number of
accidents takes place from 6 pm to 9 pm, followed by 3 pm to 6 pm. interestingly, the time
period between 12 midnight to 3 am witnessed the least number of accidents. Also,
While November and December witnessed the maximum number of accidents in the state,
January recorded the least.

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Haryana is most neglected state in the area of safety research. So, this type of study on Haryana
Highways can bring awareness in the mind of planners, politicians, Technocrats & Beaurocrats
to bring down the problem of road accidents further resulting in injuries and fatalities to road
users.
Following are the major objective points of this study:-

 The present study is an attempt to analyses the road accidents on a particular road.
 This study could be utilized to identify safety issues and to suggest improvements.
 This section of road passes through urban and non-urban areas mhrg Distt. Hence this study
will be useful for both urban and non-urban areas.

1.5 Scope of Present Study

The Stretch for the present study has been taken from Mahendragarh to Akoda bus stand, (a part
of Sh-17) which is 18.2 kms.. The FIR recorded from Local Police Station of Hisar has been
collected from year 2011 to 2015. The FIR report contains the data like Time, Hitting Vehicle,
Hitten Vehicle, Deaths, injuries, location and Types of accidents. The data has been complied
and various parameters have been checked to determine the criticality of the links and stretches.
With this study, critical links and Junction, time, type of vehicle etc. are identified and results are
interpreted in graph/pie-charts.

1.6 Various stages of study

 Review of existing literature. Collection of detailed accident data along with causes from
record of traffic police, FIR’s, NHAI, PWD’s, Trauma Centres and others concerned agencies.
 Categorization and analysis of the data compiled from the records.

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 Accident blackspot

In road safety management, an accident blackspot or black spot is a place

where road traffic accidents have historically been concentrated. It may have
occurred for a variety of reasons, such as a sharp drop or corner in a straight road,
so oncoming traffic is concealed, a hidden junction on a fast road, poor or
concealed warning signs at cross-roads.
For some decades treatment of accident blackspots (e.g. by signage, speed
restrictions, improving sightlines, straightening bends, or speed cameras) was a
mainstay of road safety policy, but current thinking has it that the benefits of these
interventions are often overstated. Effects such as regression to the mean, risk
compensation and accident migration combine to reduce the overall benefit.

Figure 3. blackspot sign.

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Table 1-Road Accidents Statistics in Haryana

source -govt of Haryana transport deptt.

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Figure 4-source ministry of road transport and highway.

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Source- ministry of road transport and highways

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 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Objectives of Literature Review

Road network plays a vital role to the economic development, trade and social integration. It not
even progress but also facilitates the smooth conveyance of both people and goods. Thus, the
concept of Road traffic engineering is still in its nascent stages in India, very few research works
and studies have been done to identify the causes of road accidents on the individual
stretches/links. Since, there also exists a serious lack of researches/studies and development work
related to road safety in our country as well as abroad too. A very little literature is available on
safety assessment of a particular road stretch and identification of causal factors of road
accidents. Also, very little efforts have been taken to develop a working model for prediction of
accidents on a particular road. One of the major cause for the lack of study seems to be scarcity
of systematic data & allocation of Govt. Budget on road safety and still best efforts have been
made to collect the past data/ studies. In the Chapter given below, we tried to figure out the
importance of analysis of Road accident data and various studies carried out to suggest predictive
models for road accidents.

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1. Padmanaban, & Hassan (2009) in their paper titled Accident Data Collection
Methodology for Building a Traffic Accident Database for Tamil Nadu and India. This
paper described the methodology used for developing a road traffic accident database
for Tamil Nadu, which can also be extended across India. It detailed the database
design as well as the specific crash reconstruction methodologies to be used.
2. Singh and Mishra of IIT Kanpur carried out road accident analysis of Kanpur city. They
concluded that the total number of accidents in the city as well as their fatality were on
an increase. Persons killed per 100 accidents were alarmingly high, as high as 45 in the
year 2000.Though fatality rate was lower but fatality risk was higher than rest of India.
Pedestrian deaths as percentage of all road fatalities were very high.
3. John Kehmeh studied Road Traffic Crashes on the Konongokumasi Highway-Two Years
after Reconstruction of the 42Km Konongo–Odumase-Kumasi road began in December
2003 and was fully completed in November 2007. Total casualties for the year 2009
indicated a 53% increase over that for 2003, resulting in a 54% increase in fatalities

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 Objective

Objective of the Study

The primary objectives of the study are:
(i) To identify the engineering factors that may contribute to the cause of
accident,
(ii) To identify the black spot and give preventions
(iii) To propose improvements at the location, and

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 METHODOLOGY

The study aims at identifying and improving the accident prone locations on a
given stretch of SH-17.The data collected for the study is from 2015 to2019. With
this objective in view, the accident data of the selected road stretch for the study
are collected from different sources(e.g. Haryana police website). After analyzing
the data, the results are summarized and the causes of accidents are identified.
This study consists of various minor and major injuries, including time wise
analysis, year wise analysis, month wise analysis, day wise analysis, etc. The
various black spots have been identified at the different locations, in the selected
road stretch from mahendergarh to akoda bus stand i.e. 18.2 km. The
methodology adopted for the present research is diagrammatically represented

in.
Figure 5 Methodology of data collection and study.

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 Data collection/Analysis

The accident data is collected from local authorities and Haryana police website.
The data collected is for five years i.e. from august 2015 to august 2019. The
accident data contains the information like date, time and location of accidents.
The accident data also includes minor and severe/major injuries, number of
persons dead, vehicles involved in accident, probable cause of accident and
jurisdiction of police station. It has been collected from various Police Station i.e.
City mahendergarh. The data regarding physical features of the site, wherever
required is collected by conducting field visits to the sites of accidents. Accident
data was collected under the following heads:
1. Date of accident
2. Time of accident
3. Day of accident
4. Type of Hitting Vehicle
5. Type of Hitten Vehicle.
6. Injuries (Severe/Minor).
7. No. of deaths/Fatalities
8. Monoveour Type/Collision Type
9. Location of accident
10. Ref. No. or Entry No
11. Beat duty.
12. Driver Age(years)
13. Victim Age(years)
14. Village/landmark nearby location.
15. Damage to property

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 ACCIDENT DATA

Figure 6-Study Stretch (Source: Google Map)

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The accident data collected during last 4 years were plotted with MS excel. Total
no of accidents, fatalities; injuries are shown in

Table 2 -data collection

Figure 7 data collection

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Figure 8 data collection

Table 3

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 FA+NFA
Year
Time
2015 2016 2017
6:00-9:00 0 3 1 4

9:00-12:00 0 6 1 7

12:00-15:00 0 5 2 7

15:00-18:00 0 10 5 15

18:00-21:00 2 11 2 15

21:00-00:00 5 8 4 17

00:00-03:00 0 1 2 3

3:00-6:00 0 2 1 3

N/M 7 46 18 71

142

Table 4

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Table 5

Table 6

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Table 7

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Figure 9: heavy traffic on rewasa over bridge

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Figure 10: poor maintenance of road at rewasa

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Figure 11: hidden signboard

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Figure 12: overloading vehicle

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Figure 13: poor lighting system

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Figure 14: poor lighting system

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Figure 15: truck breakdown

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Figure 16: formation of ruts, cracks & pot holes

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 CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions:

On the analysis of above data certain trends were observed and the following
conclusions can be drawn from the same:

1. The maximum number of accidents observed during the months of May, July,
November & February. The reason for the same can be attributed due to heavy
rain, fog and smog conditions.
2. As per the time of the day, maximum accidents took place between 12:00 pm to
04:00 pm and 06:00 pm to 10:00 pm.
3. As per data recorded, the type of hitting vehicle concludes that car/jeep and
trucks cause maximum number of accidents. This is because of the heavy
volume of trucks since some of the stretches lie near the crusher zone. Heavy
vehicles are also difficult to maneuver and stop because many times they are
overloaded.
4. As per data recorded, the type of vehicle hitting concludes that two-wheelers and
pedestrians cause maximum number of accidents. This is because of people
mostly prefers light motor vehicles for travel from one place to another. There is
also many villages and rural areas comes in the selected stretch. There is also a
lack of awareness among the people regarding the traffic safety rules &
regulations.
5. On the analysis of primary causes of accidents/type of collision, we find that
head- on-collision and vehicle-pedestrian collision are the main causes of

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accidents. Due to the rural areas, people are unaware of the rules of traffic
safety. Since, most of the stretches under study are two lane roads, so there is a
need to extend the road to four-lane for the efficient movement of traffic.
During physical examination of

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 the given road, it was observed that on maximum length of the studied stretch,
the shoulder is either not properly made or repaired fully damaged and very low
from the edge of road and also lack of traffic signs.
6. Safety for pedestrians is not provided by not constructing a service road and a
footpath for pedestrians. This is also one of the major causes of accidents.
7. The S2 and S3 stretches of the road have sharp curves which cause accidents.
8. Stretch S3 and S4 consist of a number of narrow bridges where the accidents
occur.
9. Lack of proper lane for two wheelers was observed at many stretches.
10. Steep gradient on certain patches of stretch S2 and S4 also cause accidents.

5.1.1 Black Spot Identification:

The following points were observed about various Black spots:

1. Very high volume of mixed traffic especially heavy vehicles due to proximity to
various private companies is established.
2. Illegal divider crossings.
3. No traffic light on Rewasa flyover crossing which has 3 access points.
4. Lack of proper Road markings and Road signs.
5. No speed breakers on access roads.
6. No traffic light on sisoth as well as rewasa flyover.
7. At Rao tularam chowk road is in really bad condition. No traffic markings and
signs existed.

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8. Road width is compromised due to encroachment by unauthorized commercial
activity and parking.
9. Improper road lighting conditions even though this stretch lies within the town
limits.
10 Steep gradient.
11 Damaged shoulders.
12 Sharp curves on the road.
13 The non- implementation effective speed-breakers on minor roads.

5.2 Measures for Improvement:

1. Proper construction of road features such as shoulders, rotary, median, etc.

2. Strict implementation of speed limits and traffic rules as speeding and head-on-
collision are the major cause of accidents.
3. At many places the road markings between lanes are missing. Such markings
must be made from time to time.
4. Proper two wheeler and cycle lanes must be made.
5. At tularam chowk and rewasa flyover registered maximum number of fatalities.
This is a heavily populated area with heavy traffic. Proper signs, speed breakers
and traffic lights must be provided.
6. Proper lighting conditions on roads lying within city/town limits.
7. Proper maintenance from time to time.
8. The FIR Performa May be updated by adding more information towards
deficiency of road design causing accidents.
9. Implementation of rumble strips and effective speed breakers on minor roads
especially in the rural areas.
10 Proper traffic law enforcement especially the movement of vehicles on wrong
side in mahendragarh city.
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11 Provision of traffic light on major crossings like tularam.

12 From all access points there should be no direct entry on main highway.

5.3 Scope for Future Study

1. To identify clear trends of accidents, the study should be extended to more

lengths of road with different geometric features and traffic volume.
2. Similar study must be carried out on different roads in different locations in
Haryana to observe the general trends in the data.
3. The data for these studies must be used to develop accident prediction

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REFERENCE: -
1. MORTH
2. NCRB
3. NHAI ROAD SAFETY MANUAL
4. GOVT. OF HARYANA TRANSPORT DEPTT.

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