HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE

Sta. Ana Avenue Corner C. De Guzman St. Brgy. 14-B, Davao City
1st Semester SY 2018-2019

MIDTERM EXAM
PROF ED 101: Child and Adolescent Learner and Learning Principles

NAME:_____________________________________ Score: _____ Rating: _____

Instructor: Xy-Za O. Liceralde Date: ____________ Permit #: ______________

Test I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best answer on the following choices given.

1. A ____ is anything that increases a behavior

A. punishment C. response
B. reinforcer D. negative punishment

2. It refers to the addition of something unpleasant.

A. positive reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement
B. positive punishment D. Neutral Stimulus

3. Julius is a transferee and feels uneasy with his new school. His teacher is very
accommodating, warm, and caring. Julius felt comfortable with his teacher’s display of genuine
warmth. Which theory is being illustrated?
A. Meaningful learning C. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning D. Observational learning

4. It is the removal of something pleasant

A. positive reinforcement C. negative reinforcement
B. negative punishment D. positive punishment

5. Negative reinforcement is
A. the removal of something unpleasant
B. the removal of the conditioned stimulus
C. the addition of something unpleasant
D. the addition of acquisition

6. A child receives a star as reward for correctly answering his seatwork. The child will always
try to accomplish all tasks correctly for he looks forward to receive a reward a gain. This activity
shows ____.
A. classical conditioning C. positive conditioning
B. associative conditioning D. operant conditioning

7. When Francis was in grade 1, every time he goes home with a perfect score in a test, his
parents give him extra allowance. Every time he does something wrong, he is reprimanded.
Now that he is in grade 2, he tries his best to get perfect scores in test because of the reward
and avoids doing something wrong because of the punishment. What does the situation
illustrate?
A. Cognitive learning C. Operant conditioning
B. Associative learning D. Classical conditioning

8. An example of a negative reinforcement is when a teacher says:

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 A. If you do your homework, you will be very successful
B. If you get an A on tomorrow’s quiz, you will be a member of the A club
C. If you get an A tomorrow, you will not have assignments for the rest of the week
D. If you do your homework, you get to choose a prize

9. Allyson rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behavior is most likely an example of
A. classical conditioning C. positive reinforcement
B. punishment D. negative reinforcement

10. Wanting her students to increase their participation during discussions, Teacher Sofia would
like to use operant conditioning by ____.
A. allowing them to think about thinking
B. giving a reward or token to those who will participate
C. emphasizing sharing and guiding them to acquire new ideas
D. letting them do metacognitive approaches to better understand

11. Which of the following statements would be the most important principle that a teacher
should follow in initiating a program of positive reinforcement?
A. Provide a regular opportunity for socially acceptable behavior
B. Reward positive behavior and punish negative behavior
C. Make sure that reward is immediately given after the appropriate behavior
D. Consider peer approval and acceptance

12. Your dog has a skin condition that has her chewing on her back until she bleeds. Your
veterinarian gives you a medication to rub in your dog’s back that tastes bad. Your vet says that
will stop your dog from chewing her back. According to Skinner, how is your dog being
conditioned?
A. positive punishment C. negative punishment
B. positive reinforcement D. negative reinforcement

13. Vincent has to do his own laundry. Several times in the past month, he forgot and had to
wear dirty clothes to class. His classmates told him that he smelled like lizard butt, which he did
not like. As a result, Vincent has been doing his laundry more often. According to Skinner, how
is Vincent being conditioned?
A. positive punishment C. negative punishment
B. positive reinforcement D. negative reinforcement

14. In operant conditioning, a consequence that increases the likelihood that a behavior will
occur is known as
A. reinforcement C. shaping
B. punishment D. conditioning

15. Harold used to forget to return his library books on time. Then his mother started making him
clean the toilets (which he hates doing) every time he returned a book late. As a result, Harold
forgets less often to return his books anymore. In operant conditioning, the change in Harold’s
behavior resulted from
A. positive reinforcement C. positive punishment
B. negative reinforcement D. negative punishment
16. Frannie cries loudly when her mom won’t buy her candy. When Fannie’s mom buys her
some. She stops crying. As a result, Frannie’s mom buys her candy more frequently. According
to operant conditioning, the change in Frannie’s mom’s behavior is a result of
A. positive reinforcement C. positive punishment
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 B. negative reinforcement D. negative punishment

17. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

A. Every time you eat chocolate, you get a stomach ache
B. You don’t study for a test and you receive a bad grade
C. Whenever you drink coffee in the morning, you are able to get your work
done more quickly.
D. Using an umbrella results in you not getting rained on, thus you start to bring an
umbrella with you whenever rain in in the forecast.

18. Which of the following describes punishment?

A. You buy 10 cups of coffee and are rewarded with a free cupcake at your local
coffee shop
B. A child’s allowance is increased for helping out with the chores
C. A rat pushes a lever to get food. After the food stops coming, the rat stops pushing
the lever.
D. A child goes to bed hungry after refusing to eat his dinner. The next night,
he eats all of his dinner.

19. From a classical-conditioning view of drug addiction, why do drug addicts experience
“cravings”?
A. Because of a diminished conditioned response.
B. Because of a diminished response to the drug.
C. Because of the unique case of drug addiction in terms of conditioning
D. Because the conditioned stimulus triggers the conditioned response even when there
is no unconditioned stimulus present.

20. The correct sequence of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are:

A. Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
B. Preoperational, concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational
C. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
D. Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operations, concrete operational

21. Which of the following educational practices is supported by Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development?
A. Teachers should treat children as passive receptacles.
B. Assessment should focus on the use of standardized tests.
C. Teachers should require rote learning that is tested frequently.
D. Classrooms should be less-structured allowing for discovery learning.

22. Which of the following is the defining characteristic of formal operational thinking?
A. abstract thinking C. conservation
B. intuitive thought D. Object permanence

23. Accommodation is ___ as assimilation is to __.

A. fitting in : distinction C. fitting in : changing
B. changing : determining D. changing : fitting in
24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of concrete operational thinking?
A. ability to think abstractly C. ability to engage in matrix classification
B. ability to conserve D. ability to think logically about real things and events

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25. Johny is playing in his crib when his teddy bear falls under the crib. Johny cries knowing that
his teddy bear exists somewhere. Johny is demonstrating:
A. Centration C. Object Permanence
B. Reversibility D. Egocentrism

The following are situations that mark the characteristics of each cognitive stages of
development of Jean Piaget. For item numbers 26-28, pls. refer your answer from the
choices below:

A. Schema D. Seriation
B. Symbolic function E. Object Permanence
C. Conservation

26. A child saw a man with exaggerated red nose, wearing red dotted big dress and a colored –
hair immediately becomes excited and giggles unendingly saying: “The clown is here.”

27. The child did not bother to compare when he received 10Php coin and his sister received
two 5Php coins for their allowance.

28. The child laughs out loud almost unendingly when being played with peek-a-boo.

29. Jenny played with her box when suddenly one box fell on the floor. Jenny’s attention was
caught by the fallen box because of the sound it created, so, she grabbed one, and then threw it
on the floor. Jenny enjoyed listening to the sound she was able to create every time she threw
her toy on the floor, so she did it all over again and laughed every time she hears a sound.
What stage of cognitive development does she belong?
A. Pre-operational stage C. Formal Operational stage
B. Sensorimotor stage D. Concrete-operational stage

30. Alejandro creates a sound of an airplane while playing with his little pillow. This ability to
represent object is called ___.
A. Accommodation C. Symbolic Function
B. Equilibration D. Animism

31. Tracy examines the possibilities of working with Sam. He is very good at working with
computers, so he may be a good partner for helping to complete the research project. However,
Tracy also knows that Sam is chronically irresponsible and may neglect the project. Tracy
decides to test the waters by talking to other students who have worked with Sam as well as
asking Sam a few questions about his ideas in carrying out the project to determine his
likelihood of helping out. At which stage of Piaget’s theory do you think Tracy is functioning?
A. sensorimotor stage C. concrete operational stage
B. pre-operational stage D. formal operational stage

32. Missy understands that her father can also be a son and a brother, all at the same time. This
suggests that Missy is in the:
A. sensorimotor stage C. concrete operational stage
B. pre-operational stage D. formal operational stage

33. A young child might be heard saying, “The moon is smiling at me.” The child’s belief that the
moon has “human” qualities and is capable of action is referred to as:
A. humanism. C. seriation
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 B. animism. D. conservation

34. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a teacher should provide __.

A. activities for hypothesis
B. learning activities that involve problems of classification and order
C. activities for evaluation purpose
D. stimulating environment with sample objects to play with

35. Based on Piaget’s theory, what should a teacher provide in the formal operational stage?
A. Games and other physical activities to develop motor skills
B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering
C. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with
D. Activities for hypothesis formulation

36. Three-year-old Kecia saw a tree with droopy leaves and commented that the tree was
"tired". This is an example of Kecia's __________.
A. understanding of object permanence C. animistic thinking
B. symbolic thinking D. egocentricity

37. Three-year-old Tammy thought that her neighbor’s pet was a dog until it said "meow" instead
of "bow-wow." Tammy then also noticed that there were a number of other differences between
her dog and the neighbor’s pet. She learned to call the neighbor’s pet a cat. The change in
Tammy's understanding illustrates which of Piaget's concepts?
A. Equilibration C. accommodation
B. Conservation D. assimilation

38. After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds.
This best illustrates the process of:
A. Conservation C. Attachment
B. Assimilation D. Accommodation

39. Joey is watching a horse race. He knows that his dog at home has four legs, a tail, and fur.
When he sees the horses, he shouts out “Doggies.” Joey is demonstrating
A. Conservation C. Irreversibility
B. Assimilation D. Accommodation

40. Sean heard his mother tell a friend she was “cornered” by her next-door neighbour a few
days ago. This confused Sean, causing him to experience a cognitive conflict, or ______,
because he couldn’t imagine his mother changing into spot where two wall meet.
A. equilibrium C. disequilibrium
B. disorganization D. assimilation

41. The typical “human tadpole” that pre-schoolers draw to represent a person probably best
reflects:
A. Limited knowledge of the human body
B. Confusion between reality and fantasy
C. A symbolic representation of a human
D. Limited perceptual motor skills

42. Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are
suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The
child apparently lacks a:
A. Sense of object permanence C. Capacity for habituation
B. Concept of conservation D. Secure attachment

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43. A concept evidenced in young children's lack of conservation when they focus their attention
on one characteristic (such as height or length) to the exclusion of others.
A. Egocentrism C. Centration
B. Concentration D. Overregulation

44. Teacher Abby showed 4-year-old Micah two balls of clay that were the same size. As he
watched, she rolled one of the balls into a snake shape, neither adding nor taking away any
clay. When asked if both the ball and the "snake" had the same amount of clay, Clarence
responded that the snake had more. This demonstrates Micah's:
A. Imagination C. inability to reverse actions mentally
B. Shape preferences D. Developing Conservation abilities

45. A grade 1 pupil likes to play with his friends but gets angry when defeated. Piaget’s theory
states that the pupils is under what developmental stage?
A. Concrete operation C. Formal Operation
B. Sensorimotor D. Pre-operation

46. Contrary to Freud’s concept that the primary motivation of human behavior is sexual in
nature, Erikson’s is ____________ in nature.
A. Social C. Physical
B. Cultural D. Biological

47. Jane is a pre-schooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she
generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wear her shoes on the wrong fit.
When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfits, Jane brushes her mother off and insists
on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane’s behaviour?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Industry vs. Inferiority

48. A child who is cold towards the people around him might have failed to attain what basic
goal based on Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
A. autonomy C. initiative
B. trust D. mistrust

49. If one successfully achieves some degree of intimacy, as opposed to remaining in isolation,
one will carry with him for the rest of his life the virtue or psychological strength Erikson calls __.
A. wisdom B. love C. purpose D. independence

50. According to Erikson, the developmental stage that must be successfully resolved during the
adolescent year is:
A. industry vs. inferiority C. integrity vs. despair
B. intimacy vs. isolation D. identity vs. role confusion

51. Which of the following virtue is developed according to Erikson when one can develop the
capacity for industry while avoiding an excessive sense of inferiority?
A. independence B. love C. competence D. Will
52. Teenagers often have to face issues concerning their femininity and masculinity, rejection,
and acceptance by peers during early adolescence. Individuals who are not successful at this
stage in developing a sense of “identity” may have problems with:
A. Isolation C. Inferiority
B. Industry D. Role confusion

53. In which order do the 3 important goals during childhood be attained according to Erikson?

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 A. Autonomy, initiative, trust C. Initiative, trust, autonomy
B. Trust, autonomy, initiative D. Autonomy, trust, initiative

54. What does Erikson say about preschool years, initially two-year old child who struggles for
independence? What portrayal is this which is eventually called “Declaration of Independence”?
A. Autonomy C. Initiative
B. Trust D. Industry

55. Why is the successful completion of the trust versus mistrust stage important?
A. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious
and insecure.
B. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious
and insecure.
C. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will not understand
the concept of trust.
D. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become a liar.
56. Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble
completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive
feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson’s theory, failure at this stage of
development results in ____?
A. Feelings of inferiority C. A poor sense of self
B. A sense of guilt D. Mistrust

57. Which of these is NOT one of the "life stage virtues" of development according to Erik
Erikson?
A. Hope C. Honesty
B. Love D. Wisdom

58. Erikson’s Theory emphasized

A. repeated resolutions of unconscious conflicts about sexual energy.
B. success in confronting specific conflicts at particular ages in life.
C. changes in children's thinking as they mature.
D. the influence of sensitive periods in the various stages of biological maturation.

59. According to Erikson, which of the following psychosocial crises do children face when they
are 3–6 years of age?
A. initiative versus guilt C. industry versus inferiority
B. autonomy versus shame/doubt D. trust versus mistrust

60. John has always known that he wants to be a doctor when he grows up. His father and
grandfather are both doctors. He has never explored other possibilities. What is John's
occupational identity status?
A. identity achievement C. identity foreclosure
B. identity moratorium D. identity diffusion
61. Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal all by himself. When Mommy starts to pour the
milk he puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, “No, ME do it!” Sammy is MOST LIKELY in
Erikson’s ____ stage.
A. trust vs. mistrust C. initiative vs. guilt
B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt D. industry vs. inferiority

62. Erikson thought that having too much of a positive force at any stage can lead to ________.
A. Maladaptation C. Sensory withdrawal
B. Malignancy D. Maladjustment

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63. Escape conditioning is a form of ____ in which the subject learns to perform a response to
remove an aversive stimulus.
A. negative reinforcement C. positive reinforcement
B. negative punishment D. positive punishment

64. Reinforcement can be distinguished from punishment in that reinforcement ___ a target
behavior, whereas punishment ___ a target behavior.
A. removes; establishes C. discourages; encourages
B. increases; decreases D. inhibits; enhances

65. Operant conditioning can be used in which aspect of the classroom?

A. Teaching math C. Teaching reading
B. Behavior management D. Planning a daily routine

66. In Mrs. Mercado class, several students are talking and goofing off. What should Mrs.
Mercado do if she wants to use positive reinforcement to change their behavior?
A. Loudly praise a student who is following the rules
B. Send a note home to their parents
C. Take a sticker off of the good behavior chart for each student
D. Verbally reprimand them

67. Which of the following is NOT an example of positive reinforcement?

A. Placing a sticker on a good behavior chart
B. Giving a student a prize from the prize box
C. Taking away something distracting from a student
D. Giving the student verbal praise

68. An imbalance at the resolution of a developmental conflict that involves too much of the
negative disposition is called ________ in Erikson’s theory.
A. Maladaptation C. Malignancy
B. Maladjustment D. Sensory withdrawal

69. Every morning, Mrs. Navarro would scold her son for not fixing her beddings claiming that
her son was old enough to do so. But when his son asked permission to attend a party, she
claimed that he was still too young to do so. What could be the effect of the situation to Mrs.
Navarro’s son?
A. Guilt C. Role confusion
B. Initiative D. Self-esteem

70. Pavlov is to classical conditioning, as ________________ is to operant conditioning.

A. Skinner C. Bandura
B. Thorndike D. Watson

HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE

Sta. Ana Avenue Corner C. De Guzman St. Brgy. 14-B, Davao City
1st Semester SY 2018-2019

MIDTERM EXAM
PROF ED 101: Child and Adolescent Learner and Learning Principles
ANSWER SHEET

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Name: ____________________________________ Score: _____ Rating: _____
Last name, First name
Course and Year: _______________________ Date of exam: ______________
Instructor: _____________________________ Permit #: __________________

Test I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Shade the circle that corresponds to your answer on each item.

A B C D A B C D

1. 31.
2. 32.
3. 33.
4. 34.
5. 35.
6. 36.
7. 37.
8. 38.
9. 39.
10. 40.
11. 41.
12. 42.
13. 43.
14. 44.
15. 45.
16. 46.
17. 47.
18. 48.
19. 49.
20. 50.
21. 51.
22. 52.
23. 53.
24. 54.
25. 55.
26. 56.
27. 57.
28. 58.
29. 59.
30. 60.

Test II. Choose at least two (2) among the four (4) principles of human development and
provide at least one implication of this principle in your teaching. (5 pts. each)

Principle Education Implication

1.

2.

1.
A. B. C. D.
12.
A. B. C. D.
13.
A. B. C. D.
14.
A. B. C. D.

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15.
A. B. C. D.
16.
A. B. C. D.
17.
A. B. C. D.
18.
A. B. C. D.
19.
A. B. C. D.

20.
A. B. C. D.
21.
A. B. C. D.
22.
A. B. C. D.
23.
A. B. C. D.
24.
A. B. C. D.
25.
A. B. C. D.

41.
A. B. C. D.
42.
A. B. C. D.
43.
A. B. C. D.
44.
A. B. C. D.
45.
A. B. C. D.
46.
A. B. C. D.
47.
A. B. C. D.
48.
A. B. C. D.
49.
A. B. C. D.
50.

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