D ESIGN OF P OWER C ONVERTERS -JAN -A PR -2020 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

RECTIFIER-CAPACITOR FILTER
Rishabh Dubey, Sanjeet Singh, EE, IISc

A BSTRACT
We need an interface to link available AC source and DC loads,
and rectifiers are the best way to do this. As we know that we need
application-specific DC output voltage levels for which we gener-
ally use DC to DC converters but the feed the input of DC-DC we
need Rectifiers as these are cheap and fairly easy to manufacture.
The mathematical formulation of the currents and voltages in the
devices for desired output power DC output and from desired AC in-
put is to be done, Simulate of the circuit provides the data of voltage
stress and current through the devices. After which, we will design
the rectifier with the desired output.

I I NTRODUCTION
The experiment is done to understand the need for filters in
the output side of the rectifier. The need of the experiment
is to understand which circuit reduces the ripple in the out-
put, We will do some small experiments to show the need of
filters in the rectifier and also the circuit to be implemented.
From the following experiment we learned that the output volt-
age ripples are reduced significantly by Designing rectifier to
be a full-bridge also by introducing the capacitor with a large
Figure 2: Schematic of Half wave rectifier with R load.
value which increases the time constant of the output circuit
to be much more than the discharge time of the capacitor. The
datasheet of the devices used such as IN4007[1] and Capacitor.

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER R LOAD

Designing a half wave rectifier 2 with R load and no filter in
the output1, It can be obseved that the diode conducts for a half
cycly and the output voltage is also a half wave, although the
input wave is not pure sinusoid but the circuit behavior can be
seen clearly. Ripple seen clearly to be V m.
The simulation can be observed here 4.
Vo(rms) = 11.81V ;
< Vo >= 7.81V ;
Po = 2.7848W ;
RL = 50Ω;
Figure 3: Diode voltage of Half wave rectifier with R load.
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER C LOAD
Designing a half wave rectifier with C load in the output, It
can be obseved that the diode conducts for a very small time
in one cycle and the output voltage is almost constant or can
be orbserved to be stiff, some loss in the diode are the reason
for the voltage to be not highly stiff. The output of simulated
circuit are nearly same.
C = 0.47µF;
Vo(rms) = 25.1V ;
< Vo >= 25.2V ;
Peak − Peak = 1.3V ;

Figure 1: Output voltage of Half wave rectifier with R load. Schematic of Capacitor only Load
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER R LOAD C FILTER

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c EPT. E LECTRONIC S YSTEMS E NGINEERING , IIS C , BANGALORE 1/6
 D ESIGN OF P OWER C ONVERTERS -JAN -A PR -2020
Figure 4: Simulated Half wave rectifier with R load.
Figure 5: Output voltage of Capacitor only Load
It is clearly observable that the C filter reduces the output
voltage ripple and is dependent on time constant of circuit. It
is close to the simulation being done on the Ltspice. Moreover,
The ripple in the output voltage is dependent on the value of C
taken with load resistance constant, More the C value less will
be the ripple.
Vo(rms) = 16.6V ;
< Vo >= 16.5V ;
Po = 5.24W ;
RL = 50Ω;
C = 1000µF;
Simulated HWR with R load and C filter
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH R LOAD
The diode are observed to be conducting in one half of the
cycle, The waveforms shown are experimentally performed by
employing a sense resistance of 1 ohms, More over the output
have 2 cycle of wave per 1 cycle of input signal. The output
voltage is same as input volatge for postive cycle and negate of
input voltage for the next cycle. Ripple is V m.
Vo(rms) = 14.9V ;
< Vo >= 13.1V ;
Po = 4.44W ;
RL = 50Ω;
C = 1000µF;
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER R LOAD AND C FILTER
The full wave rectifier seen is providing a output volatge that is
nearly constant and symmetric along the average output volt-
age, Thus it is better than Half wave rectifier. The diode pair
will conduct for ony cycle only. During the time when none of
the diodes are conducting the capacitor is distchanging.
Vo(rms) = 17.6V ;
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c EPT. E LECTRONIC S YSTEMS E NGINEERING , IIS C , BANGALORE
I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE
Figure 6: Simulated Capacitor only Load
Figure 7: Output voltage of HWR with R load and C filter
< Vo >= 17.6V ;
Po = 6.1952W ;
RL = 50Ω;
C = 1000µF;
Simulated FWR R load C filter.
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER R LOAD AND C FILTER
(series charging parallel dischanging cpacitors)
This circuit has output with C filters, It can be seen from the
circuit that the capacitors are charged to V m/2 Thus the stress
over the capacitors is reduced from V m to V m/2 moreover,
Discharging of the capacitors is in parallel thus can be used
to provide higher current. This is a unique circuit the rip-
ple will be much lower due to parallel capacitors during dis-
charge making capacitance C ∗ 2,The current waves from rec-
tifier diodes will be the same.
Schematic FWR Series charge-Parallel Discharge
VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER
Voltage multiplier is a circuit that provides output voltage in
multiples of 2, that is 2,4,6..... , The main applications are find
in geneation of High Voltages. This is a stage circuit in which
each state double the voltage, The capacitor connected direct
to supple is stress to V m vooltage only rest all the capacitors
are stressed to 2 ∗ V m. In the circuit defined in figure gives
output voltage to have a maximum of 4 ∗V m.
Output voltage of FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH R
LOAD
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 D ESIGN OF P OWER C ONVERTERS -JAN -A PR -2020 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

Figure 10: Diode Current of full wave rectifier with r load

Figure 8: Schematic of HWR with R load and C filter

Figure 11: Schematic of full wave rectifier with r load

Table 1: Comparisions of Output Voltage Parameters.

..

Circuit Name Op rms(V) Op avg(V) Power(W)

Figure 9: Output voltage of full wave rectifier with r load HW R 11.8 7.81 2.784
HW C 25.2 25.1 0.003
Voltage multiplier Simulated HW R-C 16.6 16.5 5.24
FW R 14.9 13.1 4.44
Task-n
FW R-C 17.6 17.6 6.19
The following table compares all the circuits with thier param- FW Series parallel Caps 15.8 15.1 4.99
eters.
Volatge Multiplier 81.1 79.2 0.0

Table 2: Parameters of circuits.

Circuit Name I d rms(mA) Id avg(mA)
HW R 236 156.2
HW C 0.00 0.00
HW R-C 332 330
FW R 210 133.69
FW R-C 462 257
FW Series parallel Caps 290 172

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c EPT. E LECTRONIC S YSTEMS E NGINEERING , IIS C , BANGALORE 3/6
 D ESIGN OF P OWER C ONVERTERS -JAN -A PR -2020 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

Figure 12: Simulated full wave rectifier with r load

Figure 17: Output Voltage FWR Series charge-Parallel Discharge

Figure 13: Output voltage FWR R load C Filter.

Figure 18: Simulated FWR Series charge-Parallel Discharge

Figure 14: Input voltage FWR R load C Filter.

Figure 19: Diode Current FWR Series charge-Parallel Discharge

Figure 15: Diode current FWR R load C filter.

Figure 16: Diode current FWR R load C filter. Figure 20: Voltage multiplier Output Voltage

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c EPT. E LECTRONIC S YSTEMS E NGINEERING , IIS C , BANGALORE 4/6
 D ESIGN OF P OWER C ONVERTERS -JAN -A PR -2020 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

Figure 21: Voltage multiplier Schematic

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 D ESIGN OF P OWER C ONVERTERS -JAN -A PR -2020 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

II C ONCLUSIONS
The experiments condcuted shows as can be seen in I I these 2
tables shows that full wave rectifiers have better rms voltages
and lower ripples with same capacitance for filtering. More-
over, it is evident from the Table that the diffrence between
rms value of voltages and average value of voltage is less for
full wave rectifiers. Also the average diode currents are small
for the full wave topologies which is the reason for its better
performance. The Peak inverse voltage of Full wave rectifier
is Vm which is better than half wave rectifiers.

R EFERENCES
[1] Texax Instruments. IN 4007 Diode. data sheet, 2017.

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c EPT. E LECTRONIC S YSTEMS E NGINEERING , IIS C , BANGALORE 6/6