Introduction Afro-Asian

Africa

Africa is the second largest of Earth’s seven continents, after Asia.

Africa is often called the cradle of humanity.

The Sahara is the world’s largest desert. It covers one-quarter of the entire continent of Africa.
People use camels for traveling in the Sahara because the animals can survive for days without
water.

Africa has thousands of different ethnic groups. This picture shows a traditional ceremony of the
Ashanti people, who live in the nation of Ghana.

Herds of zebras, giraffes, and other animals roam wild in the savanna (tropical grasslands) of
Africa. The animals in this picture live in a wildlife preserve in Kenya.
Kilimanjaro is Africa’s tallest mountain. It rises 19,341 feet (5,895 meters) in east central
Africa. The mountain is part of a national park. Many kinds of animals live in the park.

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This baby in Rwanda, Africa, is receiving a vaccine. Vaccines protect people from getting
diseases. Most vaccines are given with needles, but some are taken by mouth.

China

The Chinese themselves call their country Zhongguo, which means “Central Country” or
“Middle Kingdom.”
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and in all of Asia. It flows west to east through
central China and empties into the East China Sea near Shanghai.

The Ming dynasty built the Great Wall in the 1400s and 1500s. This long stone wall was
designed to defend China’s northern border from invasions. Today, it is a popular tourist site.

The Forbidden City is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of China. Chinese emperors
used to live in the palaces inside the walls of the Forbidden City. Ordinary people were allowed
inside only after the last emperor was overthrown in 1911.
Confucius
Confucius was a wise Chinese philosopher who was born more than 2,500 years ago. He taught
his followers how to live a good and moral life, and his teachings are still studied today.

Japan

Japan is sometimes called the “land of the rising sun.” The Japanese themselves call their
country Nihon or Nippon, which means “origin of the sun.”

The most famous mountain in Japan is Fuji. It is a dormant volcano on the island of Honshu.
Fuji is sacred to many Japanese.
The traditional Japanese diet includes lots of seafood. Sushi is made with small cakes of cooked
rice and raw fish or other ingredients.

The samurai were a powerful class of Japanese warriors from the 1100s to the 1800s. They wore
armor for protection and as a symbol of their high status. The armor was light and flexible, ideal
for fighting on horseback.

A popular traditional sport in Japan is sumo wrestling. In sumo, two large men try to shove each
other out of a small ring.

South Korea
most South Koreans worked on farms growing rice, the country’s main food crop.
South Korea is a mountainous country. The famous Maisan (Horse Ears) Mountains offer a
striking backdrop for nearby homes and temples.

Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is a city of modern buildings and wide avenues. Nearly one-
fourth of all South Koreans live in Seoul, making it the nation’s largest city.

Steep mountains and deep valleys cover much of North Korea. The rugged land is rich with
minerals and timber.

Questions

 As a student, how will you show respect and honor to other countries?

Generalization

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Motivation
Speaking

respon”sibil’ity
Stress
refers to the prominence given to a syllable or word which makes the word or syllable stand out
above the adjacent syllable or word. It can be word stress or sentence stress. You may meet
words with three or more syllables like respon”sibil’ity. Primary stress is on the BIL, while
secondary stress is on the PON. Take note that in the case of polysyllabic words; the primary
stress must always stand out than the secondary stress.

Activity

Motivation
Act

Intonation
- also known as inflection is the movement of the voice up or down, along the line of sound.
When the voice rises, it indicates a question which is answerable by yes or no. That’s rising
intonation. We use the rising intonation with yes-no questions.
Example: Have you read any African short story?
When the voice falls down, it indicates an answer.
Example: I have’nt.
An incomplete thought ends in a rising inflection.
Example: I will save so that someday, I can visit South Africa, Nigeria and
Morocco…
Circumflex intonation comes in a wavelike glide frequent in connected speech. Voice
moves upward and downward, at other times, downward or upward.
He ate five pieces of moron, drank a cup of buko juice and ate a bowl of corn soup.
Did he finish them all?
It’s more fun in the Philippines.

Motivation
Describe the characteristics of an educated Filipino?

What is an Educated Filipino?

Francisco Benitez
( An Excerpt)

What is an educated Filipino and what qualities should distinguish him today? The
conception of education and of what an educated man is varies in response to fundamental
changes in the details and aims of society. In our country and during this transition stage in our
national life, what are the qualities which an educated man should possess? Great changes have
taken place in the nature of our social life during the last forty years. The contact
with the Americans and their civilization has modified many of our old customs, traditions and
practices, some for the worse and many for the better. The means of communication have
improved and therefore better understanding exists among the different sections of our country.
Religious freedom has developed religious tolerance in our people. The growth of public schools
and establishment of democratic institutions have developed our national consciousness both in
strength and in solidarity. With this growth in national consciousness and national spirit among
our people, we witness the corresponding rise of a new conception in education- the training of
an individual for the duties and privileges of citizenship, not only for his own happiness and
efficiency but also for national service and welfare. In the old days, education was a matter
of private concern; now it is a public function, and the State not only has the duty but it has
the right as well to educate every member of the community- the old as well as the young,
women as well as men- not only for the good of the individual but also for the self – preservation
and self protection of the State itself. Our modern public school system has been established as a
safeguard against the shortcomings and dangers of the democratic government and democratic
institutions. In the light of the social changes, we come again to the question: What qualities
should distinguish the educated Filipino today? I venture to suggest that the educated Filipino
should, first, be distinguished by the power to DO. The Oriental excels in reflective thinking; he
is a philosopher. The Occidental is a doer; he manages things, men and affairs. The Filipino of
today needs more of his power to translate reflection into action.

Questions

 According in the excerpt what are the characteristics of an educated Filipino?

 Give lines that support your answer.
 As a student, how will you show respect and honor as an educated Filipino?

Generalization

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