A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY

BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE STUDENT’S INTELLECTUAL

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

University of Cebu – Banilad

Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

SH – Practical Research 2 (Quantitative)

By:

LYKA MAE BANTAWIG

CARLA JEAN YU

ANGELIKA MAE MARGAHA

JAKE RUBIO

MHARZ EZAQUIEL CARBONILLA

CHRISTIAN JUNDOS

October 2019
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
PROGRAM RESEARCH OFFICE

APPROVAL SHEET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the requirements for SH-Practical Research 2 (Quantitative),

this research paper entitled A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN
TECHNOLOGY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE STUDENT’S INTELLECTUAL submitted by
Lyka Mae Bantawig, Carla Jean Yu, Angelika Mae Margaha, Jake Rubio, Christian Jundos and
Mharz Ezquiel Carbonilla has been duly examined, accepted and approved for ORAL
DEFENSE EXAMINATION.

SARAH JANE A. GINOO, LPT

Adviser

ACCEPTED AS Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the SH – Practical Research 2

(Quantitative).

BEE JAY D. OLITRES, MAED-ELT MALEEN GRAFILO-ORDIZ, MAT

Program Research Coordinator Principal, Senior High School Department

APPROVED by the tribunal at the ORAL DEFENSE EXAMINATION with the grade of
____________.

BEE JAY D. OLITRES, MAED-ELT

Chairman

SARAH JANE A. GINOO, LPT

Member/Adviser
Date: October, 2019
A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY
BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE STUDENT’S INTELLECTUAL

Bantawig, Lyka Mae; Carla Jean Yu; Angelika Mae Margaha; Jake Rubio
Mharz Ezaquiel Carbonilla; and Christian Jundos

Abstract

The main purpose of this comparative study is to identify the level of the effectiveness of
modern technology and the intellectual ability of the senior high school students between
male and female. Explicitly, this study answered the following questions: a.) profile of the
respondents in terms of gender, b.) the level of intellectual ability and the effectiveness of
modern technology, and c.) the significant difference in the intellectual ability and the
effectiveness of modern technology between male and female. Moreover, to widely gather
the necessary data a standardized questionnaire was used. The researchers used the
statistical tool t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in the intellectual ability
and the effectiveness of modern technology between male and female students. Findings
revealed that Based on the gathered and analyzed data, the summary of findings, it was
hereby generalized that there is no significant difference in the level of effectiveness of
modern technology between male and female students. On the other hand, there is a
significant difference in the intellectual ability between the male and female students of
senior high school. Based on the summary of findings and the generalization, the following
recommendations were hereby offered: 1.) the researchers acclaim a well-constructed and
good outlook for the future researchers to focus on the study well and effective; 2.) the
researchers recommend to discover and enlarge the ways in finding the answers within the
informants; and 3.) future researchers must preserve communication within their
groupmates to achieve success of the research.
 Introduction

Filipinos are world’s heaviest internet users, according to a digital report released on
Thursday, Jan 31, 2019. In our world today, modern technology is simply an advancement of
old technology. With advances in technology, student study habits had already changed. The
impact of modern technology in modern life is boundless, we use technology in different ways.
People cannot live without technologies such as mobile phones, computer and even televisions
and others. These technologies have slowly taken an essential part in people’s day-to-day lives
and being without them would be unimaginable for some of us.
The researchers chose this topic because it is very interesting where in modern
technology are one of the essential and helpful tool of a man’s life nowadays. They want to know
the effectiveness of modern technology by comparing male and female student’s intellectual and
who is more into technologies. Also, the researchers wanted to conduct this research to know
more how did modern technology affect student life. The significant difference in the intellectual
ability base on the effectiveness of modern technology between male and female is being studied
by the researchers.
This study aims to identify the effectiveness of modern technology between the male and
female intellectual in senior high school students in University of Cebu Banilad- Campus. The
researchers will use some standardized questionnaire to measure the student’s intellectual. The
following are the sub-problems that the researcher will find out: (1) the profile of the respondents
in terms of gender (2) the level of intellectual ability of the students (3) the technology improve
technology in student’s learning and achievement. The usage of the advance technology really
helped the student’s study habits to gain more information.
According to Poushter, Bishop & Chwe (2018), there are 87% of people who uses
internet in 17 advanced economy in 2017. It is a compensating result because of the arising
number of people who has phones. Many countries are already into technology unlike before.
Each of the countries that are affiliated in the study has the average of 25% - 96%. The country
that is in the top rank is the South Korea followed by Netherlands. It is an undeniable fact that
technology already has a big impact to the world. Meanwhile, the country that is in the middle
which gathered 75% are the Poland and Columbia. In the lowest rank is the Tanzania which
covers 25%. Although, there is still a country that is not into technologies but sooner they will
realize that modern technology can make the work easier and faster. It can help the world in
difference aspects of life but people should consider its disadvantages so that they will be aware.
According to Cigaral (2018) in Southeast Asia, the Philippines is the 4th most tech-ready
economy. The Philippine economy could grow faster by the advanced technologies such as
smartphones, televisions and other. Many Filipino people especially the younger ones know how
to use these different kind technologies. Modern technology has a big part of human’s life it
helps to improve the way of living of everybody. It has a big influence on people because of the
advantages of modern technology provides.
There is no denying fact that modern technology, in particular is taking much of one’s
time every day, according to The Freeman (2017). It has certainly changed the way people live.
Technology has revolutionized the field of education. With the onset of computers in education,
it has become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it. Therefore,
the use of technology in education is designed to enhance students learning and making the
school environment a place where students will want to be because it makes the learning
experience fun.
 The Philippines holds the records of being the fastest-growing market for smartphones in
Southeast Asia, according to International Data Corporation (2017). In our world today, modern
technology is essential in every aspects of life of a person. It has impacted different facets of life
and redefined living. Now in the present time, the age of modern technology, where almost
everything is high-tech. Computer technologies has greatly improved and has had become better.
As we move into the 21st century, technology has become more and more important in the
society. In this study researchers will find out if this modern technology has a big impact to the
students and how it can really affect the way they study or what we call study habits.
 Review of Related Literature

The purpose of this literature review is to provide a theoretical background and a relevant
overview of research pertaining to the effectiveness of modern technology (e.g. computers,
mobile phones and others) towards student’s intellectual. Technology has revolutionized
education, and not only through online learning, and distance education but also because
technology tools can dramatically increase student learning, enhance student engagement, and
unleash creativity as an educator (Baporikar, 2016).
According to Blanchard (2016), stated that modern technology is one of the most
fascinating and modern aspects of our life today. It becomes more prevalent in education. There
is no doubt that technology has advance enormous in the last half-century, the youth of today are
constantly immersed in these technological advancements whether through cellphones, gamming
system or laptops. As the OECD (2015) study conducted; “technology can amplify great
teaching, but great technology cannot replace poor teaching”. The U.S Department of Education
has revealed extensive support with a vision that includes technology-based learning that is
accessible for all students (United States Department of Education, 2016). Technology is now
the primary basis for information, study materials and curriculum enhancements: Which are all
components that contribute to student’s success (Chowdhury, 2010). It can be used as a great
resource in the classroom. Integrating technology throughout the curriculum in all subjects allow
students to be more engaged in classrooms, and have more confidence in the subject (Allsup,
Meltation and Farmer, 2010).
The technology provides student with a forum for getting their ideas and the product they
create to a much larger audience. Nowadays, a technology has a big part of student’s life.
Modern technology makes studying easier and fun to students. It becomes more prevalent in
education. There is no doubt that technology has advance enormous in the last half-century, the
youth of today are constantly immersed in these technological advancements whether through
cellphones, gamming system or laptops. It is necessary to involve the students in all subject so
that they will not feel being left out or being alone. Technology’s effects to the society especially
to the education is inevitable. It became the main source of information, facts and data. The
similarities of the cited study to this research paper is that it tackles more about how did
technology affect students study habits and is it really effective to the students intellectual
nowadays.
Many researchers stated that technology can be used as an instructional tool in teaching
and learning skills. According to Billings and Mathison (2011), there are two reasons that
educational technologies assist in raising learner’s achievement. The first reason is that they
perform a very good job in engaging the learners. The second one is that they get learners excited
to take part in educational tasks. Technology provides meaningful learning experiences. It gives
learners more opportunities to cooperate with their peers leading from each other (Costley,
2014). When using technology, learners not only control their own learning process, but also
have to access to further information over which their teachers cannot control (Pourhosein &
Sabouri, 2014). According to Costley (2014), technology is a powerful contributor to learning if
it used to deepen learner’s mind. Kurt (2010) stated that technology can be used as a tool for
performing meaningful projects to engage learners in critical thinking. Technology facilitates
learner’s learning and serves as the real educational structure in permitting learning to happen.
Technology has impacted almost every aspects of life today, and education is no
exception. Technology has a positive impact on learner’s learning. It can be used to restructure
the language classes to produce an environment that promotes the growth of thinking skills. It is
a tool that supports knowledge construction for indicating learner’s opinions, understandings,
beliefs and producing organized knowledge. It is an intellectual partner to support learning by
thinking for helping learners to express their thoughts and ideas.
Technology has changed the way student study as we know it. The usage of modern
technology in the classroom can assist the students in conquering their incompetence’s by
increasing enthusiasm and self-esteem (U.S Department of Education, 2012). Technology has
greatly changed education. In medieval times, books were rare and only an elite few had access
to educational opportunities, according to Purdue University (2019). According to a literature by
Hughes (2011), “Developing good study habits is crucial for any students pursuing higher
education.” One of the most important tips is that students should study by testing themselves
rather than just reading a material (Markman, 2012). Today, the way students’ study on their
lessons has a big change because of the rise of modern technology. Gonzales-Ledo et al. (2015)
found that literacy among a group of learners with learning difficulties increased when they were
provided with a computer graphics organizer.
Technology is mostly used by the students nowadays unlike the old times, students;
greatly rely on educational materials such as books and notes. Students rely on books and visit
library facilities to study, read their notes and review their school lessons. During those years,
despite the lack of computers and hi-tech gadgets students still achieve high and good grades and
the students are still focused on their studies. Students education has changed over the years and
the reason for it is technology. By the time that modern technology was invented, many students
don’t want to go to library to seek information instead they will just surf in the internet and find
the information they wanted without reading it carefully.
With the advancement of technology, there have been many improvements on how we
live our lives from day to day. Improvements in technology are created for our benefit.
According to the article “Public sees science and technology as net positives for society” (Funk,
Kennedy, & Sciupac, 2016), “Overall, 52% of U.S. adults say the effect of technology has been
largely positive.” The authors have placed a chart saying 38% are neutral, and only 8% have
been negative. This chart is about the technology increase in quickly and easily sharing
information with others. This positive effect has improved the lives of many in several fields of
economy. These improvements in technology are created for our benefit. Several institutions
have indicated that technology integration has positively affected students studying (Li & Ma,
2010). Lombardo (2019) identified some disadvantages or negative effects of modern technology
and these are the following: (1) Students may not know the difference between reliable and
unreliable sources (2) Using technology can cause some students to disconnect from the
classroom (3) The presence of technology can be distracting to students. These advantages and
disadvantages of technology in the classroom indicate that it brings impact to the students and to
their study habits and also to their level of performance.
Technology is a creation of the human mind. It is neither good nor bad. The researchers
argue that technology is neutral in the sense that it can be used in either direction to do works of
good or bad. It is the intention of the user which ultimately determines whether that technology
gets put to good use or not. No doubt, technology is really important and necessary nowadays,
but its fast development is leading the world to ruin because pollution grows next to it. There are
two questions on the heading. Technology is not bad, but it harms our environment, though it
makes our lives easier.
 Student learning at the postsecondary level has become a significant international
concern as governments recognize the necessity of lifelong learning,yet struggle to find indices
of what students learn in college. Students may adopt a deep or surface approach, or both, to
varying extents, in response to cues given by the teacher. The cautionary tale to be derived
from this research is that students may prefer a deep approach, but when overloaded with
course content or evaluated on their knowledge of facts may adopt a surface or achieving
approach. Students vary in their orientation to learning depending on their course or program,
with students in professional programs being more pragmatic or achievement-oriented and
students in pure science more oriented toward meaning (Donald). When students engage in
discussion with each other and write essay examinations and term papers as part of course
requirements, dramatic differences in perspectives and ways of knowing are apparent.
This study shows the gap between the student study habits before the modern technology
came. Students would go to library to gain information or to entertain themselves. Nowadays,
modern technology can be used on a daily basis to accomplish task or interest. Technology has
also increased the productivity of almost every aspect in life.
 Methodology

Research Design

This study used comparative design under quantitative approach. The research design
used in this study is a quantitative approach, focuses on gathering numerical data and
generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon (Babbie, 2010).
The quantitative approach tends to approximate phenomena from a larger number of individuals
using survey methods. (Ben-Eliyahu, 2014). It states that the quantitative is all about collecting
and gathering data and it deals more with numbers and numerical data. Comparative research
essentially compares two groups in an attempt to draw a conclusion about them. In this study
researchers compares male and female student’s intellectual about how effective modern
technology. The researchers will, later on, know if there is a relationship between the two
variables after the data will be gathered. The survey questionnaire is a predefined series of
questions used to collect information from individuals (University of Michigan, 2018). The
researchers used a survey questionnaire to gather information from the different students for the
reason that it is easier to gather data.

Research Setting

The general setting of the study is one of the famous universities in Cebu City. The
University of Cebu -Banilad, it is located at Governor Cuenco Avenue, Banilad Cebu City 6000
and is one of the four popular campuses owned by Atty. Augusto W. Go. The research locale is
appropriate in the study because the Senior High School STEM students are easy to be seen in
this particular areas where it is safer than outside of the campus, and the students who are the
Grade 12 students will participate the study answer the questions in their own will. The
University of Cebu- Banilad Campus wherein the researchers conducted their study is due to the
availability of respondents.

Sampling

The researchers choose the Grade 12 Senior High School STEM students in the
University of Cebu- Banilad Campus as respondents of this study. The survey questionnaire had
been randomly given by the researchers to the respondents who are the Grade 12 Senior High
School STEM students in the Univesity of Cebu- Banilad, it was equally distributed because
every student has given an equal chance to the respondents in this study. There are 20 Males and
20 Females in total of 40 respondents in this study. Simple Random Sampling is a method of
choosing samples which all members of the population are given equal chance to be selected as
respondents (Cristobals, 2017).
STEM is a strand wherein the subjects are more on using technology or some electronic
devices and they had a variety of thought that was very helpful to answer the standardized
questionnaire of the researchers. The researcher wishes to know what are their thought about the
two variable in the study which is the effectiveness of modern technology and students
intellectual and how the usage of technology affect their intellectual both male and female STEM
students.

Instrument
Two pages survey questionnaire for the STEM strand students was utilized. The
researcher indicated already in the survey questionnaire on how they will answer it. In the first
variable it talks about the effectiveness of modern technology and they have to choose and put a
tick on it whether it is strongly agree, slightly agree, strongly disagree, moderately disagree and
slightly disagree and also the other one for the second variable talks about students intellectual
and they have to put a tick in it whether it is always, usually, sometimes, occasionally and rarely.
It is only 40 questionnaires, 20 for the males and 20 for the females. The researchers used the
instrument known as Technology Implementation Questionnaire and the Multiple Intelligence
Questionnaire. The following questionnaires had been used already by the other researchers for
their study.

Data Collection
The researchers tried everything to find a research topic, it takes a lot of time to
determine this kind of study. Before gathering the data, the researcher comes to identify the
following considerations on steps on how to correctly gather the data.
The researchers gather the data at the school premises in the University of Cebu- Banilad.
The transmittal letter of approval has been signed by their instructor to conduct the study. Also, it
includes the participant’s consent that to be signed by the participants whether they like to be
part of the study or not. The next step is to construct a survey questionnaire as a guide to do what
is asked in the study and to figure out the prime solution in the problem.
The researchers identified the suitable and applicable participants in the study. The
setting of the study is at the University of Cebu- Banilad, where the researchers seeks for
respondents in the Senior High School Department particularly the Grade 12 STEM students.
In distributing the consent and survey questionnaire, the researchers must ask politely the
students if they are willing to answer the given questionnaire, ask permission before conducting
it. If they say, give the respondents a time to answer the given questionnaire. After they are all
done answering collect the survey questionnaire and make sure to keep it because it is
confidential, and it will be the basis gathering the data later on.

Data Analysis
The formula statistical tests were utilized by the researchers in this study.

1. To determine the profile of the respondents, percentage distribution was

employed.

𝑓
% = (100),
𝑛
Where:
f = frequency, and
n = number of respondents
 2. For problems no on to five the t-test for two independent samples was utilized,

𝑥̅ 1 −𝑥̅ 2
t= ,
𝑠2 𝑠2
√ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2

where:

t = completed text
x1 = mean of the first group,
x2 = mean the second group,
s1 = standard deviation of the first group,
s2 = standard deviation of the second group,
n1 = number of sample for the first group, and
n2 = number of sample for the second group

Statistical calculations were done using manual counting and statistical software. For all
computations, 5% lever of significance (a= .05) devised.

Ethical Considerations

Conducting a study requires major factors that are crucial to be considered as to ethical
considerations. According to Steffen (2016), ethical consideration in research is the use of
human subject, it provides the norms and standard in conducting distinguish between right and
wrong. One may also define ethics as a method, procedures, or perspective for deciding how to
act ethically while conducting the study. The main ethical principles that will be considered in
conducting this research study are confidentiality and respect for persons. Participants answers
should be protected and cannot be shared by others. It is important to ensure the privacy of the
participants. As individuals are autonomous beings, they have the right to decide whether or not
they get involved in this research. Informed consent has been distributed before the answering of
the questionnaire was conducted so that the researchers will know if the participants will agree to
be part of the study.
 Results
This part presents the data gathered by the researchers of a Comparative Study in
Effectiveness of Modern Technology between Male and Female Student’s Intellectual. The data
gathered were tallied and presented in a chart below and analyzed it with a statistical tool.
Graph 1 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of gender.
Graph 1. The Graph Shows the Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Gender.

GENDER

20, 50% 20, 50%

Female Male

From the data gathered, the participants in the study are the male and female students in a
stem strand. There are 50% for the male and 50% for the female. The respondents had been
chosen wisely if they are suitable for the given questionnaires.

Graph 2 and 3 presents the level of effectiveness of modern technology between male and
female students and it was based by the answers of respondents as the first variable of the study
using the statistical tool T-test.

Graph 2. The Graph Shows the Level of Effectiveness of Modern Technology of the Male
Students.

1, Male Students
5 0, 0% 0, 0%
%

4, 20%

15, 75%

Strongly Agree Slightly Agree Strongly Disagree Moderately Disagree Slightly Disagree
 It can be seen in the graph above that majority of the answers of male students said they
slightly agree about the level of effectiveness of modern technology. There are 15 answers which
can be converted to 75% and there are respondents who answered 4 strongly agree which can be
converted to 20% and there is only 1 answer for strongly disagree which can be converted to 5%.

Graph 3. The Graph Shows the Level of Effectiveness of Modern Technology of the Female
Students.
Female Students
0, 0% 0, 0%
2, 10%

5, 25%

13, 65%

Strongly Agree Slightly Agree Strongly Disagree Moderately Disagree Slightly Disagree

It can be seen in the graph above that majority of the answers of female students says that
they slightly agree about the effectiveness of modern technology. There are 13 answers for
slightly agree which can be converted to 65% and there are 5 answers for strongly agree which
can be converted to 25% and also there are 2 answers for strongly disagree which can be
converted to 10%.

Graph 4. The Graph Shows the Level of Intellectual Ability of the Male Students
Male Student's Intellectual
0, 0% 0, 0% 0, 0%

Always
Usually
5, 25%
Sometimes
Ocassionally
15, 75%
Rarely

From the data gathered, it can be shown that majority of the answers of male students
said that they USUALLY believe in their intellectual as a person. There are 15 answers for
usually which is converted to 75% in the graph. On the other hand, there 5 participants who
answered sometimes which is equivalent to 25% in the graph.
Graph 5. The Graph Shows Female Student’s Intellectual

Female Student's Intellectual

1, 5% 0, 0% 0, 0%

Always
3, 15%
Usually

Sometimes
16, 80%
Ocassionally

Rarely

It can be seen in the graph that majority of the answers of female students says that they
USUALLY believe in their intellectual ability. There are 16 answers for usually which is
converted to 80% and 3 answers for always which is converted to 15% and 1 answer for
sometimes which is converted to 5%.

Profile of the Respondents in terms of Certain Variables

Table 1 tabulates the profile of the respondents in terms of their gender.

Table 1. Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Female 20 50.00
Male 20 50.00
TOTAL 40 100.00
Percentage distribution was utilized to compute the students’ profile in terms of gender.
Table 1 shows that there were forty respondents in total, twenty males and 20 females.
Table 2. Level of Effectiveness of Modern Technology
N Mean Mean Computed t p-value
Difference

Female 20 3.96
0 0.220653638366272 0.8266
Male 20 4.12
Significant at a= 0.05
A t-test of two scores was utilized to compare the difference on the students answers
about the level of effectiveness of modern technology. Table 2 shows that there was significant
difference between the male and female respondent’s preference (F=3.96, M=4.12). The p-value
is greater than the alpha value which is 0.05. Thus, this implies that there is no significant
difference in the level of effectiveness of modern technology between male and female students.
Table 3. Level of Intellectual Ability
N Mean Mean Computed t p-value
Difference
Female 20 3.96
0 3.53205081349275 0.0011
Male 20 3.69
Significant at a= 0.05
A t-test of two scores was utilized to compare the difference on the students answers
about their intellectual ability. The p-value is lesser than the alpha value which is 0.05. Thusm
this implies that there is a significant difference in the level of intellectual ability between male
and female students.

Conclusion

Based on the gathered and analyzed data and the summary of findings, this
concludes that there is no significant difference in the level of effectiveness of modern
technology between male and female students. On the other hand, there is a significant
difference in the intellectual ability between the male and female students of senior high
school. After having the results, the researchers conclude that female are more
knowledgeable and more into technologies in terms of educational purposes than male.

After the research process, the researchers believe that the this study raises several
hypotheses that merit further research about the level of effectiveness of modern
technology and the level of intellectual ability of the students:
1.) The researchers recommend a well-constructed and good mindset for the future
researchers to focus on the study well.
2.) The researchers recommend exploring and expand the ways in finding the
answers within the respondents. The future researchers must have patience within them.
3.) Future researchers must maintain an open communication within their
groupmates to come up with a well clarified study to get the points they need to achieve
success.
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 Acknowledgement
In the fulfillment of this research paper, we fully give our deepest gratitude to our
parents for all the financial support they have given. We also present our gratefulness to
our friends for giving us enough motivation in the accomplishment of the research process.
Lastly, we acknowledge the future researchers to relate this paper to their future study.
Researchers,
Bantawig, Lyka Mae, General Academic Strand
Lead Researcher, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
bantawiglykamae@gmail.com

Yu, Carla Jean, General Academic Strand

Assistant Lead Researcher, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
carlajeanyu@gmail.com

Margaha, Angelika Mae, General Academic Strand

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
angelikamaemargaha@gmail.com

Rubio, Jake, General Academic Strand

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
jake.etech1@gmail.com

Carbonilla, Mharz Ezaquiel, General Academic Strand

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
ezaquielmharz@gmail.com

Jundos, Christian, General Academic Strand

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
christianjundos@gmail.com