Chapter ll

Review of Related Literature and Studies

In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, processes or procedures,

imaginations and skill is employed by researchers. This Chapter presents a brief review
of related literature and studies, both local and foreign that is related to these studies.

Foreign Literature

Street vending is an ancient and important occupation found in

virtually every country and major city around the world. Street vendors add vitality to
the streetscape and contribute to economic activity and service provision, but many
observers also associate them with congestion, health and safety risks, tax evasion
and the sale of shoddy merchandise. Numerous national laws, local laws and
municipal ordinances apply to street vending or are specifically targeted at street
vendors, and most countries have a long history of regulating their activity.This paper
is a general contemporary overview of street vending around the world focusing on
the major issues underlying its permanence as a phenomenon, and the ambivalent
attitudes displayed toward it by governments and off-street business communities.
The prime sources are over 25 years of research, reading and observation by the
author in a wide range of different countries and contexts. Bibliographic references
are kept to a minimum because this is both a personal and a global overview an
attempt to synthesize and generalize in a field of academic endeavor dominated by
local case studies.A key feature of this paper is that it focuses directly on street
vendors as an occupational group, rather than treating them as an example of some
larger aggregate group such as the informal sector, petty commodity production,
underemployment, micro-enterprises, retailing, the service sector, or the underground
economy.

Foreign Studies

Hernando de Soto, regarded by many in the corporate and NGO

sectors as an innovative thinker, was hired with his team of researchers by the
governments of Egypt, Tanzania and others to advise them on regulation and
management of the informal economy. He seeks to de-bunk the idea that because
the marginalization of workers in the informal economy has resulted from neo-liberal
capitalism, the just regulation of the informal economy is best done by means of an
anti-capitalist approach. He advances a political argument that capitalism must be
intensified, and property rights given to workers in the informal economy to give them
a stake in the capitalist system (de Soto 2000). It is not clear to what extent
governments eventually followed his advice with the introduction of such laws. He
acknowledged in a personal interview2 that he had abandoned the bottom-up
approaches of social inclusion favoured by most of his left-wing critics, as he thought
they were ineffective, and asserted that more macro-economic progress would be
made if governments followed his advice. In Nicaragua, the Sandinista approach is
based on an analysis of the political macro-economy in which own-account workers
are recognized as prominent role-players — documented in the First Self-Employed
Workers’ Manifesto of the CTCP-FNT (Soto 2011). The section of this Manifesto
entitled “The construction and consolidation of a social economy: programme,
strategy and tasks” describes “the birth of what today has become a self-employed
proletariat which now seeks a place in anti-establishment theory and practice, rather
than merely being counted as poor or as an electoral mass when an election year
comes around”. (Soto 2011: 36-7).Duraisingam p., (2004) in his report "To Ensure the
Safety of Street Food in India", studied about safe food, drinking water, nutritious
food and unhygienically prepared Street foods. FEDCOT to create awareness of the
right to food safety and security, a sense of safe and nutritious food, to provide
education, information and empowerment, to provide facilities to get cheaper and
pure food for poor and commuters. Night food stalls are very popular in cities, town
and tourist center. Vendors are situated on the pavements, on roadside, outside
market, office or shopping complexes on beaches, in parks and other places where
the demand for quick, cheap food exists.54 Holy A. Von (2004) in his article "Street
Food Vending" stated that, sales of street vended foods are increasing in several
countries and offer stakeholders in the industry a wide range of economic benefits.
This article discussed potential public health problems that may be associated with
this trend. Out-breaks of food borne diseases connected to street food consumption
are considered together with studies into the safety of street foods and attempts to
regulate street vendors in Durban, South Africa. 55 Moushumi Ghosh and Abhijit
Ganguli (2004) in their article "Microbiological Quality of Carrots Used for Preparation
of Fresh Squeezed Street Vended Carrot Juices in India" observed that sources of
high aerobic.

Local Literature
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Local Studies
 Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

References

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235275868_Street_Vending_and_Public_P
olicy_A_Global_Review
https://www.wiego.org/sites/default/files/migrated/publications/files/Horn-WIEGO-
Resource-Document-10.pdf

https://www.academia.edu/21622574/CHAPTER_II_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITER
ATURE_AND_STUDIES_Related_Literature?fbclid=IwAR0GD-
WXlZFB5KY53TVh94MRwyUwBQjTRyRD6_f4wihOHFOjEDr1RITu0Rw