Lesson 1: Introduction to Information and Communication
0 Features
Technologies
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
 deals with the use of different communication
technologies such as mobile phones, telephone, Internet,
etc. to locate, save, send and edit information.
ICT in the Philippines
• “ICT Hub of Asia”
• 106.8 cellphones per 100 Filipinos in the year 2012
• ICT Industry shares 19.3% of the total employment
population in 2010.
• “The Selfiest Cities around the World” of 2013
Web 1.0: Static Web Pages
 Static (flat page or stationary page) in the sense that
the page is “as is” and cannot be manipulated by the
user.
 The content is also the same for all users.
WEB 2.0: Dynamic Web Pages
 the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic web
pages—the user is able to see a website differently than
others.
 Examples: social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video
sharing sites, hosted services, and web applications.
 allows users to interact with the page: instead of just
reading a page, the user may be able to comment or
create a user account
 also allows users to use web browsers instead of just
using their operating system. Browsers can now be used
for their user interface, application software (or web
applications), and even for file storage.
 Most websites that we visit today are Web 2.0.
Web 2.
web-based application that allows the user to create
1. Folksonomy
 allows users to categorize and classify/arrange
information using freely chosen keywords (e.g.,
tagging).
 Hashtag - popular social networking sites such as
Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use tags that start
with the pound sign (#).
2. Rich User Experience
 Content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input.
 An example would be a website that shows local
content
 In the case of social networking sites, when logged
on, your account is used to modify what you see in
their website
3. Long Tail
 Services are offered on demand rather than on a
one-time purchase.
 In certain cases, time-based pricing is better than file-
size-based pricing or vice versa.
 This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that
charges you for the amount of time you spent in the
Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the
amount of bandwidth you used.
4. User Participation
 The owner of the website is not the only one who is
able to put content.
 Others are able to place a content of their own by
means of comment, reviews, and evaluation.
 Some websites allow readers to comment on an
article, participate in a poll, or review a specific
product
 Ex. Amazon, online stores
5. Software as a Service
 Users will subscribe to a software only when needed
rather than purchasing them.
 This is a cheaper option if you do not always need to
use a software. For instance, Google Docs is a free
and edit word processing and spreadsheet
documents online. When you need a software, like a
Word Processor, you can purchase it for a one-time
huge amount and install it in your computer and it is
yours forever.
 Software as a service allows you to “rent” a software
for a minimal fee.
6. Mass Participation
 It is a diverse information sharing through universal
web access since most users can use the Internet
 Since most users can use the Internet, Web 2.0’s
content is based on people from various cultures.
Web 3.0: Semantic Web Pages
 a movement led by the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C).
 The W3C standard encourages web developers to
include semantic content in their web pages.
 Aim: to have machines (or servers) understand the user’s
preferences to be able to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
 Like searching for movies and food faster and easier and
it act as a personal assistance
 Can easily be processed by machines instead of human
operators.
 Ex. Virtual Assistant – Siri,
Google Assistant/ Search
Online Shop’s Display search result
Several problems of Web 3.0:
1. Compatibility
 HTML files and current web browsers could not
support Web 3.0.
2. Security
 The user’s security is also in question since the
machine is saving his or her preferences.
3. Vastness
 The World Wide Web already contains billions of
web pages.
4. Vagueness
  Certain words are imprecise. The words “old” and
“small” would depend on the user.
5. Logic
 Since machines use logic, there are certain
limitations for a computer to be able to predict
what the user is referring to at a given time.
Trends in ICT
1. Convergence
 the synergy of technological advancements to work
on a similar goal or task.
2. Social Media
 a website, application, or online channels that enable
web users to create, co-create, discuss, modify, and
exchange user-generated content.
Six types of social media:
a. Social Networks
 These are sites that allow you to connect with other
people with the same interests or background.
 Ex. Facebook, Google, Friendster
b. Bookmarking Sites.
 These are sites that allow you to store and manage
links to various websites and resources.
 Ex. StumbleUpon, Pinterest
c. Social News.
 These are sites that allow users to post their own
news items or links to other news sources.
 Ex. Reddit, Digg
d. Media Sharing
 These are sites that allow you to upload and share
media content like images, music, and video.
 Ex. Flickr, Youtube, Spotify, Soundcloud
e. Microblogging
 These are sites that focus on short updates from the
user.
 Ex. Twitter, Plurk
f. Blogs and Forums  document that contains the main body of
the message we want to convey or send
 These websites allow users to post their content.  also included here is what we call place
 Ex. WordPress, Tumblr, Blogger, Blogspot, Jimdo holders, also referred to as data fields or
merge fields
3. Mobile Technologies  this marks the position on your form
document where individual data or
 The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a
information will be inserted
major rise over the years.
 This is largely because of the devices’ capability to do
tasks that were originally found in personal computers.
Kinds of operating systems:
a. iOS – used in Apple devices such as the iPhone
and iPad
b. Android – an open source operating system
developed by Google. Being open source
means several mobile phone companies use
this OS for free. 2. List or Data File
c. Blackberry OS – used in Blackberry devices  This is where the individual information or
d. Windows Phone OS – a closed source and data that needs to be plugged in (merged)
proprietary operating system developed by to our form document is placed and
Microsoft maintained.
e. Symbian – the original smartphone OS; used by
Nokia devices
f. WebOS – originally used by smartphones; now
used for smart TVs
g. Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for
smartphones and pocket PCs
4. Assistive Media
 a nonprofit service designed to help people who have
visual and reading impairments.
 A database of audio recordings is used to read to the
Label Generation
user.  Creates a blank form document that simulates
either a blank label or envelope of pre-defined
size and will use the data file that you selected
LESSON 2: ADVANCED WORD PROCESSING SKILLS
to print the information, typically, individual
addresses.
Mail Merge
 allows you to create documents and combine or
merge them with another document or data file Integrating images and external materials
 It is used to create multiple documents at once.
 These documents have identical layout, formatting, Kinds of Materials:
text, and graphics. Only specific sections of each 1. Pictures – electronic or digital pictures or photographs
document varies and is personalized. you have saved in any local storage device
 .JPG – short term for .jpeg or Joint Photographic
2 Components of Mail Merge: Experts Group; identifies data compression for the
1. Form Document internet; 16.7 million colors; isn’t transparent; best
 quality; doesn’t work well on lettering, line drawings
or simple graphics; small file size
 .GIF – Graphics Interchange Format; displays
transparencies; 256 colors; simple animation; logos,
drawings, small text, black and white images, or
low-resolution files
 .PNG – “ping”; Portable Network Graphics;
transparencies; 16 million colors; doesn’t support
animation; allows control of transparency level or
opacity
2. Clip Art – a .GIF type; line art drawings or images used
as generic representation for ideas and objects
3. Shapes – printable objects or materials that you can
integrate in your document to enhance its appearance
or to allow you to have some tools to use for composing
and representing ideas or messages
4. Smart Art – predefined sets of different shapes grouped
together to form ideas that are organizational or
structural in nature
5. Chart – allows you to represent data characteristics and
trends
6. Screenshot – Sometimes, creating reports or manuals for
training or procedure will require the integration of a
more realistic image of what you are discussing on your
report or manual
Word Processor
 is an electronic device or computer software
application that performs the task of composing,
editing, formatting, and printing of documents
 Examples: OpenOffice Writer, LibreOffice Writer,
Polaris Office, Kingsoft Writer, Wordperfect,
Wordpad, Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word
 is a word processor developed by Microsoft
 It was first released on October 25, 1983
 It is also known as MS Word.
 Press “Windows Logo” + R then type “winword” then
enter.
 Features of MS Word:
 AutoCorrect – corrects common spelling errors as
well as capitalization mistakes
 AutoFormat – applies formatting to text, e.g.
number listing, bullet, hyperlinks
 Grammar Checker – proofreads documents for
grammar, writing style, sentence structure errors and
reading statistics
 Template – a document that contains the
formatting necessary for a specific document type
 Thesaurus – provides synonyms for a word in a
document
 Tables – organize information into rows and columns
 Mail Merge – a feature that allows you to create a
document and merge them with another
document or data file
 Text Wrap – adjusts how the image behaves around
other objects or text
 Keyboard Shortcuts in Word Processing Software:
 Ctrl + A – Select All
 Ctrl + B – Bold Text
 Ctrl + C – Copy Text
 Ctrl + D – Show Font Dialog Box
 Ctrl + E – Align Text to Center
 Ctrl + F – Display Find Dialog Box
 Ctrl + G – Display Go To Dialog Box
 Ctrl + H – Display Replace Dialog Box
 Ctrl + I - Italicize Text
 Ctrl + J – Justify Text
 Ctrl + K – Create a hyperlink
 Ctrl + L – Align Text to Left
 Ctrl + M – Tab
 Ctrl + N – Create a new document
 Ctrl + O – Open a document
 Ctrl + P – Display Print dialog box
 Ctrl + R – Align Text to Right
 Ctrl + S – Save a document
 Ctrl + U – Underline Text
 Ctrl + V – Paste a copied text
 Ctrl + X – Cut a selected Text
 Ctrl + Y – Redo the last undone action
 Ctrl + Z – Undo the last action
 Customizing a Word Document
 Home Tab – allows you to change document
settings, such as the font properties, adding bullets
or a numbered list, adjusting styles, and other
common features (Text Alignment: Left, Right,
Center, Justified)
 Insert Tab – is used to insert different features such as
tables, pictures, clip art, shapes, charts, page
numbers, word art, headers, and footers into a
document.
 Page Layout Tab – refers to the arrangement of text,
images, and other objects on a page
 Page Sizes: Short (Letter) – 8.5” by 11”, Long
(Folio) – 8.5” by 13”, A4 - 8.27” by 11.69"
 Page Orientation: Portrait, Landscape
 Image Placement:
 In Line with Text – default setting for images
that are inserted or integrated in a
document.
 Square – allows the image you inserted to
be placed anywhere within the paragraph
with the text going around the image in a
square pattern like a frame.
 Tight – almost the same as the square
setting, but here the text “hugs” to the
general shape of the image.
 Through – allows the text on your document
to flow even tighter, taking the contour and
shape of the image
 Top and Bottom – pushes the text away
vertically to the top and/or the bottom of
the image so that the image occupies a
whole text line on its own.
 Behind Text – allows your image to be
dragged and placed anywhere on your
document but with all text floating in front
of it.
In Front of Text – allows your image to be placed right on top
of the text as if your image was dropped right on it.
LESSON 3: ADVANCED SPREADSHEET SKILLS
Microsoft Excel
 provides an automated way of displaying any
statistical data
 It can be used to automatically compute for several
factors that are not easy to notice especially when
faced by a large data
 Microsoft Excel includes several arithmetic and
basic functions that help you compute faster.
Basic Excel Formulas:
Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
*type <=> before the formula, thus: =a1+a2 <then, hit the
ENTER key>
COUNTIF FUNCTION
 A function to count cells that meet a single criteria.
 It can be used to count cells with dates, numbers,
and text that match specific criteria.
 Supports logical operators and wildcard for partial
matching
Syntax:
=COUNTIF(range, criteria)
COUNTIFS FUNCTION
 A function to count cells that meet a multiple
criteria.
 It can be used to count cells with dates, numbers,
and text that match specific criteria.
 Supports logical operators and wildcard for partial
matching
Syntax:
=COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...)
SUMIF FUNCTION
 It returns the sum of cells that meet a single criteria.
 Criteria can be applied to dates, numbers, and text
using logical operators and wildcard for partial
matching.
Syntax:
=SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
SUMIFS FUNCTION
 It returns the sum of cells that meet multiple criteria.
 Criteria can be applied to dates, numbers, and text
using logical operators and wildcard for partial
matching.
Syntax:
=SUMIFS(sum_range, range1, criteria1, [range2],[criteria2]…)
IF FUNCTION
 perform a logical test and return one value
for a TRUE result, and another for a FALSE
result.
Syntax:
=IF (logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Example:
LESSON 5: RULES OF NETIQUETTE
Netiquette
 network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of online
communication
What is ONLINE SAFETY?
 Is the knowledge of maximizing the user’s
personal safety and security risk to private
information, and the self – protection from
computer crime in general.
10 Internet Safety Tips:
1. Know the Scams
• Learn about the different kinds of scams and
what you can do to avoid them.
2. Think Before you Click
• Think twice, thrice and a zillion times before you
click any links or buttons
3. Safety Peruse
• These sites may have an address that’s very similar
to a legitimate site, but the page can have
misspellings, bad grammar or low resolution
image.
4. Shop Safely
• Don’t shop on a site unless it has the “https” and a
padlock icon to the left or right of the URL.
5. Kick-butt Passwords
• Use an extremely uncrackable one like
“9&4iw2pyqx#”
6. Protect your Info. Keep your Guard Up
• Backup all of your data on your computer,
smartphone or tablet, theft or a cash.
7. Watch your WiFi Connectivity
• Protect your network by changing your router’s
settings and make sure that you have the
connection password-protected,
8. Install a Firewall
• A firewall is a great line of defense against cyber-
attacks.
9. Keep Up To Date
• The best security updates automatically to
protect your computer.
• Use the manufacturer’s latest security patches to
make regular updates and make that you have
the software set to do routine scans.
10. Use your Noggin
• Use you COMMON SENSE while surfing the web
Internet threats
1. Malware
 malicious software
 set of instructions that run on your computer and
make your system do something that an attacker
wants it to do
 good for stealing personal information, deleting files,
clicking fraud, stealing software serial numbers and
using your computer as relay
 kinds of malware:
 Virus
 malicious program designed to replicate
itself and transfer from one computer to
another either through the internet and
local networks or data storage like flash
drives and CDs
 a computer virus is a piece of malicious
computer code that attaches itself to a
software program, email or computer file
without your permission
 can transfer through the internet and local
networks or data storage like flash drives
and CD’s
 Worm
 A malicious program that transfers from one
computer to another by any type of means
 uses computer network to spread itself
 Example: ILOVEYOU worm, Love Bug Worm
created by Filipino
 Trojan
 A malicious program that is disguised as a
useful program but once downloaded or
installed, leaves your PC unprotected and
allows hackers to get your information
 Rogue security software – tricks the user
into posting that it is a security software. It
asks the user to pay to improve his/her
security but in reality they are not protected
at all
(Both Trojan and Worm spread to other computers.)
 Spyware
 program that runs in the background
without you knowing it
  has the ability to monitor what you are • Search engines like Google, Bing, or Yahoo use o Asymmetrical (un-evenly balance)
currently doing and typing through several filters to determine the most appropriate
keylogging result for you.
 Keyloggers – used to record the keystroke
done by the user. This is done to steal their Boolean Operators
password or any other sensitive information. 1. AND – 2 concepts together
It can also record email, messages or any 2. OR – 1 concept or another
information you type using your keyboard 3. NOT – filters out concept you don’t need
 Adware 2. Contrast
 program designed to send your Asterisk/Star symbol • The elements are opposing one another
advertisement, mostly as pop-ups  Using that star symbol to find different forms of Example:
the same word.  Big against small
2. Spam – transmission of unsolicited messages from  (e.g. Teen* , Canad*)  Light against dark
various origins using electric messaging systems;
unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers Quotation Marks 3. Emphasis
3. Phishing  Group words together in your search. • Is used to make certain parts of their artwork stand
 software or a program used by an attacker to out to grab your attention.
obtain personal information 3. Advanced Search
 targets the passwords to hack and take control of a • This will allow you to filter out information you do
user account not need.
 goal is to acquire sensitive personal information like 4. Look for a credible source
passwords and credit card details 5. Give Credit
Name of the person or organization (the author of
 Pharming the information). Title of the home page in italics.
 more complicated way of phishing where it URL. Date last seen. 4. Proportion
exploits the DNS (Domain Name Service) system • Describe the size, location or amount of one thing
LESSON 6: IMAGING AND DESIGN FOR ONLINE ENVIRONMENT compared to another.
Copyright Infringement
- It describes the unauthorized use of copyrighted Online Image File Format
material, such as text, photos, videos, music,
software, and other original content.
- In the computer industry, copyright violations often
refer to software and websites
Fair Use 5. Pattern
- A legal concept that allows the reproduction of • Is created by repeating an element (line, shape, or
copyrighted material for certain purposes without color) over and over again.
obtaining permission and without paying a fee or
royalty.

Online Research
• a research method that involves the collection of Principles of Design and Layout 6. Rhythm
information from the internet.  Suggest pleasing ways of arranging the elements of • Rhythm is like pattern
Tips in Conducting Online Research: design on a page/canvass. • Is the same elements in a pattern vary in size or
1. Have a question in mind. 1. Balance direction.
• Focus on a question you want answered. If it is a • Balance is a feeling of visual equality in shape,
series of questions, start with one. form, value, color, etc.
2. Narrow it down • Balance can be:
o Symmetrical (evenly balanced)
 7. Gradation
• Gradation of size and direction produce linear
perspective
• Gradation from dark to light will cause the eye to
move along the shape

8. Variety
• Elements are different in size, color, and shape

INFOGRAPHICS
 Information graphics or infographics are used to
represent information, statistical data, or knowledge
in a graphical manner usually done in a creative
way to attract the viewer’s attention.
 Is basically an artistic representation of data and
information using different elements such as:
 Graphs  Pictures
 Diagrams  Timelines
 Checklist  Narrative
 ATBP