PROBLEM 1

The C83400-red-brass rod AB and 2014-T6-aluminum rod BC are joined at the

collar B and fixed connected at their ends. If there is no load in the members when 𝑇1 =
50°F, determine the average normal stress in each member when 𝑇2 = 120°F. Also, how
far will the collar be displaced? The cross-sectional area of each member is 1.75𝑖𝑛2 .

GIVEN:
T1 = 50°F
T2 = 120°F
A = 1.75in2

REQUIRED:
- average normal stress
- displacement

SOLUTION:

F x 0
𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑎𝑙 = 𝐹

𝛿𝑁/𝐶 = 0
𝐹𝑏𝑟 𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐹𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝐵𝐶
− + 𝛼𝐵 ∆𝑇𝐿𝐴𝐵 − + 𝛼𝑎𝑙 ∆𝑇𝐿𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝐴𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝑏𝑟 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝑎𝑙

12 𝑖𝑛
𝐹(3𝑓𝑡)( ) 12𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡 −6 )(120℉
− + (9.80𝑥10 − 50℉)(3𝑓𝑡) ( )
(1.75 𝑖𝑛2 )(14.6𝑥106 ) 1𝑓𝑡
12 𝑖𝑛
𝐹(2𝑓𝑡)( ) 12 𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡 −6 )(120℉
− + (12.8𝑥10 − 50℉)(2𝑓𝑡)( )
(1.75 𝑖𝑛2 )(10.6𝑥106 ) 1 𝑓𝑡

F = 17093.36855 lb
Solving for stress
𝐹 17093.36855 𝑙𝑏
𝜎𝑏𝑟 = 𝜎𝑎𝑙 = =
𝐴 1.75 𝑖𝑛2
𝑙𝑏 1 𝑘𝑖𝑝
𝜎𝑏𝑟 = 𝜎𝑎𝑙 = 9767.639171 2 ( )
𝑖𝑛 1000 𝑙𝑏
𝝈𝒃𝒓 = 𝝈𝒂𝒍 = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝒔𝒊
Solving for the displacement
12𝑖𝑛
17093.36855 𝑙𝑏 (3𝑓𝑡)( ) 12 𝑖𝑛
1 𝑓𝑡
𝛿𝐵 = − 2 6
+ (9.80𝑥10−6 )(120℉ − 50℉)(3𝑓𝑡)( )
(1.75𝑖𝑛 )(14.6𝑥10 ) 1 𝑓𝑡
𝜹𝑩 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟔𝟐𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒊𝒏

PROBLEM 2
The assembly has the diameters and material make-up indicated. If it fits securely
between its fixed supports when the temperature 𝑇1 = 70°F, determine the average
normal stress in each material when the temperature reaches 𝑇2 = 110°F.

GIVEN:

𝑇1 = 70℉
𝑇2 = 110℉

REQUIRED:
- Average normal stress

SOLUTION:

F x 0
𝐹𝐴 = 𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹

𝛿𝐴/𝐷 = 0;
 12 𝑖𝑛
𝐹(4𝑓𝑡) ( ) 12𝑖𝑛
1 𝑓𝑡
− 2 6
+ 12.8(10−6 )(110℉ − 70℉)(4𝑓𝑡) ( )
𝜋(6 𝑖𝑛) (10.6)(10 ) 1𝑓𝑡
12𝑖𝑛
𝐹(6𝑓𝑡) ( ) 12𝑖𝑛
1 𝑓𝑡
− 2 6
+ 9.60(10−6 )(110℉ − 70℉)(6𝑓𝑡) ( )
𝜋(4𝑖𝑛) (15)(10 ) 1𝑓𝑡

12𝑖𝑛
𝐹(3𝑓𝑡)( ) 12𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡
− 2 6
+ 9.60(10−6 )(110℉ − 70℉)(3𝑓𝑡) ( )=0
𝜋(2𝑖𝑛) (28)(10 ) 1𝑓𝑡
1 𝑘𝑖𝑝
𝐹 = 277692.4783 𝑙𝑏 ( )
1000 𝑙𝑏

𝐹 = 277.6924783 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

Solving for average normal stress

277.6924783 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝜎𝑎𝑙 =
𝜋(6𝑖𝑛)2

𝝈𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝒔𝒊

277.6924783 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝜎𝑏𝑟 =
𝜋(4𝑖𝑛)2

𝝈𝒃𝒓 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝒔𝒊

277.6924783 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝜎𝑠𝑡 =
𝜋(2𝑖𝑛)2

𝝈𝒔𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟗 𝒌𝒔𝒊

PROBLEM 3
 The rod is made of A992 steel and has a diameter of 0.25 in. If the rod is 4ft long
when the springs are compressed 0.5 in. and the temperature of the rod is T= 40°F,
determine the force in the rod when its temperature is T = 160°F.

GIVEN:
d = 0.25 in
L = 4ft
𝑇𝑎 = 40℉
𝑇𝑏 = 160°𝐹

REQUIRED:
- force in the rod

SOLUTION:

+
(→) 𝑥 = 𝛿𝑇 − 𝛿𝐹
12 𝑖𝑛
12 𝑖𝑛 1.0(𝑥 + 0.5)(2 𝑓𝑡) ( )
6 )(160℉ 1 𝑓𝑡
𝑥= (6.60)(10 − 40℉)(2 𝑓𝑡) ( )− 𝜋
1 𝑓𝑡 (0.25 𝑖𝑛)2 (29)(103 )
4
𝑥 = 0.01040288915 𝑖𝑛

Solving for F

𝐹 = 1.00(0.01040288915 𝑖𝑛 + 0.5 𝑖𝑛)

𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝒊𝒑

PROBLEM 4
 If the assembly fits snugly between two rigid supports A and C when the
temperature is at 𝑇1 , determine the normal stress developed in both rod segments when
the temperature rises to 𝑇2 . Both segments are made of the same material, having a
modulus of elasticity of E and coefficient of thermal expansion of a.

REQUIRED:
-Normal stress

SOLUTION:
+
(→) 0 = 𝛿𝑇 − 𝛿𝐹

𝐿 𝐿
𝐹 (2) 𝐹 (2)
0 = 𝛼(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )𝐿 − [ + 𝜋 ]
𝜋 𝑑 2 ( 𝑑 2) 𝐸
4 (2) 𝐸 4

𝛼(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )𝜋𝑑2 𝐸
𝐹=
10

Normal Stress:

𝛼(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )𝜋𝑑2 𝐸
𝐹 10
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = = 𝜋 2
𝐴𝐴𝐵
4𝑑

𝟐
𝝈𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓 𝜶(𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )𝑬
 𝛼(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )𝜋𝑑 2 𝐸
𝐹 10
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = =
𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝜋 𝑑 2
(4) (2)

𝟖
𝝈𝑩𝑪 = 𝜶(𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )𝑬
𝟓

PROBLEM 5
The bronze C86100 pipe has an inner radius of 0.5 in. and a wall thickness of 0.2
in. If the gas flowing through it charges the temperature of the pipe uniformly from 𝑇𝐴 =
200°F at A to 𝑇𝐵 = 60°F at B, determine the axial force it exerts on the walls. The pipe
was fitted between the walls when T = 60°F.

GIVEN:
d= 0.5 in
Thickness = 0.2 in
𝑇𝐴 = 200°F
𝑇𝐵 = 60°F

REQUIRED:
-axial force

SOLUTION:
Temperature Gradient:
8−𝑥
(𝑇)𝑋 = 60 + ( ) 140 = 200 − 17.5𝑥
8

Compatability:

0 = 𝛿𝑇 − 𝛿𝐹 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝛿𝑇 = ∫ 𝛼∆𝑇𝑑𝑥
 8 𝑓𝑡
𝐹(8)
0= (9.60)(10−6 )∫ [(200 − 17.5𝑥) − 60]𝑑𝑥 − 𝜋
0 (1.42 − 12 )(15.0)(103 )
4

8 𝑓𝑡
𝐹(8)
0 = (9.60)(10−6 ) ∫ [(140 − 17.5𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 − 𝜋
0 (1.42 − 12 )(15.0)(103 )
4

𝑭 = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔

PROBLEM 6
A steel railroad rails 10m long are laid with clearance of 3mm at a temperature of
15 °C. At what temperature will rails just touch? If there were no initial clearance
Assume: alpha= 11.7 micro m/m deg.C and E=200 GPa .

GIVEN:
L= 3mm
𝑇 = 15°C
𝑚
𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎 = 11.7 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑔. 𝐶
𝑚
E= 200Gpa

REQUIRED:
- Temperature

SOLUTION:

𝛿𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝛼𝐿0 ∆𝑇

Substituting the given values to the formula above:

0.003𝑚 = 11.7𝑥10−6 (10𝑚)(𝑡𝑓 − 15℃)

𝒕𝒇 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 ℃

PROBLEM 7
 What is the tensile load if a 1/2" x4" 𝑥 12′ steel tie rod experience an 80°F
temperature decrease from no stress temperature?(Note: 𝛼 = 6.5𝑥10−6 /℉).

GIVEN:
1/2" x4" 𝑥 12′ Steel tie rod
𝑇 = 80°F
𝛼 = 6.5𝑥10−6 /℉

REQUIRED:
- Tensile load

SOLUTION:

𝛿𝑡ℎ 𝛼𝐿∆𝑇
𝜀= =
𝐿 𝐿
𝜀 = 𝛼∆𝑇

From: stress proportional to strain

𝜎 = 𝐸𝜀

𝜎 = 𝐸𝛼∆𝑇

𝜎 = (3𝑥107 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(6.5𝑥10−6 /℉)(80℉)

𝜎 = 1.56𝑥104 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Then:

𝐹 = 𝜎𝐴

1
𝐹 = (1.56𝑥104 𝑝𝑠𝑖) ( 𝑖𝑛) (4𝑖𝑛)
2

Thus;

𝑭 = 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
PROBLEM 8
Find the normal stress in each piece of the bar. (Note:𝑇1 = 70℉, 𝑇2 = 100℉).

GIVEN:
𝑇1 = 70°F 𝐸𝑎𝑙 = 10𝑥107 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑇2 = 100℉ 𝐸𝑏𝑟 = 15𝑥103 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝛼𝑎𝑙 = 13.1𝑥10−6 /℉ 𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 28𝑥103 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝛼𝑏𝑟 = 9.60𝑥10−6 /℉
𝛼𝑠𝑡 = 9.60𝑥10−6 /℉

REQUIRED:
- Normal stress

SOLUTION:
13.1𝑥10−6
𝛿𝑎𝑙 =( ) (100℉ − 70℉)(48𝑖𝑛) = 0.018864 𝑖𝑛
℉

9.60𝑥10−6
𝛿𝑏𝑟 =( ) (100℉ − 70℉)(72𝑖𝑛) = 0.020736 𝑖𝑛
℉

9.60𝑥10−6
𝛿𝑠𝑡 = ( ) (100℉ − 70℉)(36𝑖𝑛) = 0.010368 𝑖𝑛
℉

𝛿𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝛿𝑎𝑙 + 𝛿𝑏𝑟 + 𝛿𝑠𝑡 = 0.049968 𝑖𝑛

Thus,

𝐹𝐿
𝛿𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =
𝐴𝐸
 𝐹(48 𝑖𝑛) 𝐹(72𝑖𝑛)
0.049968 𝑖𝑛 = +
𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝜋(6𝑖𝑛)2 (10000 𝜋(4𝑖𝑛)2 (15000 𝑖𝑛 )
𝑖𝑛 )
𝐹(36𝑖𝑛)
+
𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝜋(2𝑖𝑛)2 (28000 𝑖𝑛 )

𝐹 = 207.9986 𝑁

Solving for normal stress

207.9986 𝑁
𝜎𝑎𝑙 = = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊
𝜋(6𝑖𝑛)2

207.9986 𝑁
𝜎𝑎𝑙 = = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊
𝜋(4𝑖𝑛)2

207.9986 𝑁
𝜎𝑎𝑙 = = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝒔𝒊
𝜋(2𝑖𝑛)2

PROBLEM 9
When the temperature is at 30°C, the A-36 steel pipe fits snugly between the two
fuel tanks. When fuel flows through the pipe, the temperatures at ends A and B rise to
130°C and 80°C, respectively. If the temperature drop along the pipe is linear, determine
the average normal stress developed in the pipe. Assume the walls of each tank act as a
spring, each having a stiffness of k = 900 MN/m.

GIVEN:
k = 900 MN/m
𝑇1 = 130°C
𝑇2 = 80°C

REQUIRED:
- average normal stress
SOLUTION:
Temperature Gradient:
50 50
𝑇(𝑥) = 80 + (6 − 𝑥) = (130 − 𝑥)℃
6 6
50 50
∆𝑇 = 𝑇(𝑥) − 30° = (130 − 𝑥) − 30 = (100 − 𝑥)℃
6 6

Compatibility Equation:
6𝑚
50
𝛿𝑇 = 𝛼 ∫ ∆𝑇𝑑𝑥 = 12(10−6 ) ∫ (100 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 6

𝛿𝑇 = 0.0054𝑚 = 5.40 𝑚𝑚
+
(→) 𝛿 = 𝛿𝑇 − 𝛿𝐹

𝐹
(1000)
(900)(106 )
= 5.40 𝑚𝑚
𝐹(6000)
− [
𝜋(0.162 − 0.152 )(200)(109 )
𝐹
+ (1000)]
(900)(106 )

𝐹 = 1018361 𝑁

Normal Stress:

𝐹 1018361 𝑁
𝜎= =
𝐴 𝜋(0.162 − 0.152 )
1 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎 = 104565927.1 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 ( 6 )
10 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝝈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂

PROBLEM 10
The 50-mm-diameter cylinder is made from Am 1004-T61 magnesium and is
placed in the clamp when the temperature is 𝑇1 = 20°C. If the 304-stainless-steel
carriage bolts of the clamp each have a diameter of 10mm, and they hold the cylinder
snug with negligible force against the rigid jaws, determine the force in the cylinder
when the temperature rises to 𝑇2 = 130°C.

GIVEN:
𝑇1 = 20°C
𝑇2 = 130°C
𝑑1 = 50𝑚𝑚
𝑑2 = 10𝑚𝑚

REQUIRED:
- force in the cylinder

SOLUTION:

(+↑) F y  0 𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 𝐹𝑚𝑔 = 𝐹

𝛿𝑚𝑔 = 𝛿𝑠𝑡

𝐹𝑚𝑔 𝐿𝑚𝑔 𝐹𝑠𝑡 𝐿𝑠𝑡

𝛼𝑚𝑔 𝐿𝑚𝑔 ∆𝑇 − = 𝛼𝑠𝑡 𝐿𝑠𝑡 ∆𝑇 −
𝐸𝑚𝑔 𝐴𝑚𝑔 𝐸𝑠𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑡
 𝐹(0.1𝑚)
26(106 )(0.1𝑚)(110℃) − 𝜋
44.7(109 ) 4 (0.05𝑚)2
𝐹(0.150𝑚)
= (17)(106 )(0.150 𝑚)(110℃) − 𝜋
193(109 )(2) ( 4) (0.01𝑚)2

𝑭 = 𝟗𝟎𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟗𝟏

PROBLEM 11
The center rod CD of the assembly is heated from 𝑇1 = 30°C to 𝑇2 = 180°C
using electrical resistance heating. At the lower temperature 𝑇1 the gap between C and
the rigid bar is 0.7 mm. Determine the force in rod AB and EF caused by the increase in
temperature. Rods AB and EF caused by the increase in temperature. Rods AB and EF
are made of steel, and each has a cross-sectional area of 125 𝑚𝑚2 . CD is made of
aluminum and has a cross-sectional area of 375 𝑚𝑚2 . 𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 200GPa, 𝐸𝑎𝑙 =70 GPa, and
𝛼𝑎𝑙 = 23(10−6 )/°C.

GIVEN:
𝑇1 = 30°C 𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎
𝑇2 = 180°C 𝐸𝑎𝑙 = 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎
𝐿 = 0.7𝑚𝑚 𝛼𝑎𝑙 = 23(106 )/℃
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 125 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑎𝑙 = 375 𝑚𝑚2

REQUIRED:
- force in rod AB and EF

SOLUTION:
 𝛿𝑠𝑡 = (𝛿𝛾 )𝑎𝑙 − 𝛿𝑎𝑙

𝐹𝑠𝑡 (0.3𝑚)
(125)(10−6 )(200)(109 )
𝐹(0.24)
= 23(10−6 )(150℃)(0.24𝑚) − − 0.0007𝑚
(375)(10−6 )(70)(109 )

64
12𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 128000 − 𝐹 (𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1)
7

(+↑)  Fy  0;

𝐹 − 2𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 0 (𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2)

Solving equations (1) and (2) yields:

64
12𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 128000 − (2𝐹𝑠𝑡 )
7
𝑭𝑨𝑩 = 𝑭𝑬𝑭 = 𝑭𝒔𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵

𝑭𝑪𝑫 = 𝑭 = 𝟖. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝑵

PROBLEM 12
The wires AB and AC are made of steel, and wire AD is made of copper. Before
the 150-lb force is applied, AB and AC are each 60 in. long and AD is 40 in. long. If the
temperature is increased by 80°F, determine the force in each wire needed to support the
load. Take 𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 29(103 )ksi, 𝐸𝑐𝑢 = 17(103 ) ksi, 𝛼𝑠𝑡 = 8 (10−6 )/°F, 𝛼𝑐𝑢 =
9.60(10−6 )/°F. Each wire has a cross-sectional area of 0.0123𝑖𝑛2 .

GIVEN:
𝐹 = 150-lb 𝐸𝑠𝑡 = 29(103 )𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑇 = 80°F 𝐸𝑐𝑢 = 17(103 )𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑎𝑏 = 60𝑖𝑛 𝛼𝑠𝑡 = 8(10−6 )/℉
𝐿𝑎𝑑 = 40 𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = 0.0123 𝑖𝑛2

REQUIRED;
- force in each wire.

SOLUTION:
+
(→) F X 0; 𝐹𝐴𝐶 cos 45° − 𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠45° = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝐹

(+↑) F Y  0; 2𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛45° + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 − 150 = 0 (1)

(𝛿𝐴𝐶 ) 𝑇 = 8.0(10−6 )(80)(60) = 0.03840 𝑖𝑛

(𝛿𝐴𝐶 ) 𝑇 0.03840 𝑖𝑛
(𝛿𝐴𝐶 ) 𝑇2 = = = 0.05431 𝑖𝑛
cos 45° 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°

(𝛿𝐴𝐷 )𝑇 = 9.60(10−6 )(80)(40) = 0.03072 𝑖𝑛

𝛿0 = (𝛿𝐴𝐶 ) 𝑇2 − (𝛿𝐴𝐶 ) 𝑇 = 0.05431 𝑖𝑛 − 0.03072 𝑖𝑛 = 0.02359 𝑖𝑛

(𝛿𝐴𝐷 )𝐹 = (𝛿𝐴𝐶 )𝐹 − 𝛿0

𝐹𝐴𝐷 (40) 𝐹(60)

6
= + 0.02359 𝑖𝑛
0.0123(17.0)(10 ) 0.0123(29.0)(106 )𝑐𝑜𝑠45°

0.1913𝐹𝐴𝐷 − 0.2379𝐹 = 23.5858 (2)

Solving equations (1) and (2) yields:

𝑭𝑨𝑪 = 𝑭𝑨𝑩 = 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟓𝟐 𝒍𝒃

𝑭𝑨𝑫 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟔 𝒍𝒃

PROBLEM 13
 The A-36 steel bar shown in the figure is constrained to just fit between two fixed
supports when 𝑇1 =60°F. If the temperature is raised to 𝑇2 =120°F, determine the
average normal thermal stress developed in the bar.

GIVEN:
𝑇1 = 60°F
𝑇2 = 120°F

REQUIRED:
- average normal thermal stress

SOLUTION:

(+↑) F y  0 ; 𝐹𝐴 = 𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹

𝛿𝐴/𝐵 = 0 = 𝛿𝑇 − 𝛿𝐹

𝐹𝐿
0 = 𝛼∆𝑇𝐿 −
𝐴𝐸
𝐹 = 𝛼∆𝑇𝐴𝐸

(6.60)(10−6 ) 𝑘𝑖𝑝
=[ ] (120℉ − 60℉)(0.5 𝑖𝑛)2 [29(103 ) 2 ]
℉ 𝑖𝑛

𝐹 = 2.871 𝑘𝑖𝑝

Solving for average normal thermal stress

 𝐹 2.871 𝑘𝑖𝑝
𝜎= =
𝐴 (0.5 𝑖𝑛)2

𝝈 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊

PROBLEM 14
The rigid beam shown in the figure is fixed to the top of the three posts made of
A992 steel and 2014-T6 aluminum. The posts each have a length of 250 mm when no
load is applied to the beam, and the temperature is 𝑇1 = 20°C. Determine the force
supported by each post if the bar is subjected to a uniform distributed load of 150 kN/m
and the temperature is raised to 𝑇2 =80°C.

GIVEN:
𝑇1 = 20°C
𝑇2 = 80°C
Load = 150kN/m

REQUIRED:
- force supported by each post

SOLUTION:

(+) ↑ F y = 0;
2𝐹𝑠𝑡 + 𝐹𝑎𝑙 − 90(103 ) 𝑁 = 0 (1)

𝛿𝑠𝑡 = 𝛿𝑎𝑙

𝛿𝑠𝑡 = −(𝛿𝑠𝑡 ) 𝑇 + (𝛿𝑠𝑡 )𝐹

𝛿𝑎𝑙 = −(𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑡 ) 𝑇 + (𝛿𝑎𝑙 )𝐹

−(𝛿𝑠𝑡 ) 𝑇 + (𝛿𝑠𝑡 )𝐹 = −(𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑡 ) 𝑇 + (𝛿𝑎𝑙 )𝐹

12(10−6 ) 𝐹𝑠𝑡 (0.250𝑚)

−[ ] (80℃ − 20℃)(0.250𝑚) +
℃ 200(109 )𝑁
𝜋(0.020𝑚)2 [ ]
𝑚2
23(10−6 ) 𝐹𝑎𝑙 (0.250𝑚)
= −[ ] (80℃ − 20℃)(0.250𝑚) +
℃ 73.1(109 )𝑁
𝜋(0.030𝑚)2 [ ]
𝑚2
𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 1.215990272𝐹𝑎𝑙 − 165.8760921(103 ) (2)

Solving equations (1) and (2) yields:

𝑭𝒔𝒕 = −𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝑵

𝑭𝒂𝒍 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟐𝒌𝑵

PROBLEM 15