Mathcad - Bridge (8mx18m) Deck Slab Design

Ministry of Public Work and Transport 12/2/2019
BRIDGE (8MX18M) DECK SLAB DESIGN
1) Geometry
Width of bridge B bridge := 8000mm
Clear width of bridge Wbridge := 6000mm
Length of bridge L Bridge := 18000mm
250mm + 185mm
Thickness of slab ts := = 217.5 mm
2
Width of beams bw := 400mm
Heigth of beams hb := 1200mm + ts = 1417.5 mm
Spacing between center line of beams sb := 2000mm
Side overhange from center line of exterior beams L over := 1000mm
2) Material and Properites
2.1) Concrete
Compressive strength of conrete for prestressed precasted concrete at 28 days shall be class a1 by
MPWT:5, section 5.1.2.2-a, Table 5.1.1 fć := 30MPa = 4.351 ⋅ ksi

kN
Unit weight of concrete γc := 24.5
3
m
Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page1

Modulus of elasticity of concrete by AASHTO Specification 4th edition: 2010, section 5.4.2.4
Modulus of elastic of concrete Ec := 1820 fć ⋅ ksi = 26175.29 ⋅ MPa
Allowable stress at service stage AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Speccification-2010, section 5.9.4.2
Allowable compressive strength in concrete fC_all := 0.45fć = 13.5 MPa
Allowable tensile stress in concrete fT_all := −0.19 fć ⋅ ksi = −2.733 MPa
Modulus of rapture for moment for normal weight concrete for calculating cracking moment of member:
fr_M1 := 0.24 fć ⋅ ksi = 3.452 MPa
fr_M2 := 0.20 fć ⋅ ksi = 2.876 MPa
Modulus of rapture for shear fr_V := 0.2 fć ⋅ ksi = 2.876 MPa
According to ACI 318-11, section 7.7.2, the concrete cover should taken as follow:
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth cover1 := 75mm
Concrete exposed to earth or weather:
Wall panels, slab, and joists cover2 := 25mm
Other members cover3 := 40mm
Concrete not exposed to earth or weather:
Wall, sla b, and joists cover4 := 20mm
Beams, Columns
Primary cover5 := 40mm
Tie , Stirrup, or Spiral cover6 := 25mm
2.2) Reinforcement
Yield strength of steel reinforcements deformed bar (DB) fy_DB := 400MPa
Yield strength of steel reinforcements round bar (RB) fy_RB := 235MPa
Modulus of elastic of steel reinforcement Es := 200000MPa
2.3) Others
kN
Unit weight of asphalt γasphalt := 22.5
3
m
3) Section Properties
Assume width of the deck slab bs := 1000mm

2
Area of the section Areas := ts ⋅ bs = 217500 mm
ts
Center of gravity Yb := = 108.75 mm
2
3
b s ⋅ ts
8 4
Moment of inertia of section I xx := = 8.574 × 10 mm
12
I xx
6 3
Section modulus of section Zxx := = 7.884 × 10 mm
Yb
4) Loads Calculation
4.1) Self weight
kN
Self weight of slab SWslab := Areas ⋅ γc = 5.329 ⋅
m
Self weight of railing SWraling := 250mm ⋅ 250 mm ⋅ 980 mm ⋅ γc = 1.501 kN
4.2) Superimposed Dead Load
kN
Self weight of Asphalt SDL := bs ⋅ 50 mm ⋅ γasphalt = 1.125
m
4.3) Live Loads (AASHTO Specification 4th edition: 2010, section 3.6.1.2)
Wbridge
Number of traffic lane N traffic := = 1.64 Say 2 lanes
12ft
Multiple presence factor: 1 lane m1 := 1.20
2 lanes m2 := 1.00
Design vehicular live load: HL-93
Design truck
8kip = 35.586 ⋅ kN 32kip = 142.343 ⋅ kN 36kip = 160.136 ⋅ kN

Design tandem
25kip = 111.206 ⋅ kN 25kip = 111.206 ⋅ kN
Design lane load: Lane loading is referred to as the load, which is used to provide the easier method of
computing the shear and moments rather than using the concentrated wheel loads
kN
Wlane := 0.64klf = 9.34 ⋅
m
4.3) Military Live Loads
Design military live load: HL-93x1.25
Design truck

kN
Wlane := 0.64klf ⋅ 1.25 = 11.675 ⋅
m
4.4) Dynamic Load Allowance
From AASHTO Specification 4th edition: 2010, section

3.6.2, table 3.6.2.1-1, the dynamic load allowance shall IMdeck := 75% All limit states
IMfatigue := 15% All other components
IMall := 33% All other components
5) Design for Flexure at Support and Mid Span (ACI 318M-11, section 10.1)
Use one layers of steel reinforcement of DBsup := 16mm DBmid := 16mm
Use cover for reinforcement protection of cover := 30mm
Design moment for beam M u_sup := 95kN ⋅ m
M u_mid := 90kN ⋅ m
 fć − 27.6MPa  
 fć − 27.6MPa  
Factor β1 β1 := 0.65 ⋅ max  0.85 − 0.05 ⋅  , 0.85 = 0.553
 6.9MPa  
Concrete strain εu := 0.003
fć εu
Maximum reinforcement ratio ρmax := 0.85 ⋅ β1 ⋅ ⋅ = 1.321 ⋅ %
fy_DB εu + 0.005
 fć 
 0.249MPa ⋅ 
 MPa 1.379MPa 
Minimum reinforcement ratio ρmin := max , = 0.345 ⋅ %
 fy_DB fy_DB 

5.1) Design for Negative Moment at Support
DBsup
Effective depth of section dsup := ts − cover − = 179.5 mm
2
Strength reduction factor for moment ϕm := 0.9
M u_sup
Factor Rn R n_sup := = 3.276 MPa
2
ϕm ⋅ bs ⋅ dsup

fć 2 ⋅ R n_sup 
Reinforcement ratio of section ρ := 0.85 ⋅ 1 − 1−  = 0.88 ⋅ %
fy_DB 0.85fć
 
Required reinforcement ratio of section
ρsup := ρmin if ρ < ρmin = 0.88 ⋅ %
ρ if ρmin ≤ ρ ≤ ρmax
ρmax if ρmax < ρ
2
Reinforcement area Assup := ρsup ⋅ bs ⋅ dsup = 15.791 ⋅ cm
2
πDBsup
2
Reinforcement area of one bar ADB := = 2.011 ⋅ cm
4
 Assup 
Number of bar N sup := ceil  =8
 A DB 
bs
Bars spacing Ssup := = 125 ⋅ mm
N sup
2
Actual reinforcement at support As.sup := ADB ⋅ N sup = 16.085 ⋅ cm
A
As.sup
Nsup := ρ← =8
bs ⋅ dsup
 ρ ⋅ bs ⋅ dsup 
N sup ← ceil   if ρ ≤ ρmax
ADB
 
 ρmax ⋅ bs ⋅ dsup 
N sup ← ceil   if ρ > ρmax
ADB
 
2
Recalculate actual reinforcement at support As_sup := ADB ⋅ N sup = 16.085 cm
5.2) Design for Positive Moment at Mid Span
DBmid
Effective depth of section dmid := ts − cover − = 179.5 mm
2
Strength reduction factor for moment ϕm := 0.9
M u_mid
Factor Rn R n_mid := = 3.104 MPa
2
ϕm ⋅ bs ⋅ dmid

fć 2 ⋅ R n_mid 
Reinforcement ratio of section ρ := 0.85 ⋅ 1 − 1−  = 0.83 ⋅ %
fy_DB 0.85fć
 
Required reinforcement ratio of section
ρmid := ρmin if ρ < ρmin = 0.83 ⋅ %
ρ if ρmin ≤ ρ ≤ ρmax
ρmax if ρmax < ρ
2
Reinforcement area Asmid := ρmid ⋅ bs ⋅ dmid = 14.897 ⋅ cm
2
π DBmid
2
Reinforcement area of one bar ADB := = 2.011 ⋅ cm
4
 Asmid 
Number of bar N mid := ceil  =8
 ADB 
bs
Bars spacing SLong := = 125 ⋅ mm
N mid

2
Actual reinforcement at mid span As_mid := ADB ⋅ N mid = 16.085 ⋅ cm
As_mid
ρmid := = 0.896 %
bs ⋅ dmid
2
Actual reinforcement at mid span As.mid := ADB ⋅ Nmid = 16.085 ⋅ cm
As.mid
N mid := ρ← =8
bs ⋅ dmid
 ρ ⋅ bs ⋅ dmid 
N sup ← ceil   if ρ ≤ ρmax
 ADB 
 ρmax ⋅ bs ⋅ dmid 
N sup ← ceil   if ρ > ρmax
ADB
 
2
Recalculate actual reinforcement at mid span As_mid := ADB ⋅ Nmid = 16.085 cm
6) Control of Cracking by Distrbutionof Reinforcement at Service Limit Stage
Design service load moment M s := 55kN ⋅ m
Allowable compressive stress of concrete fC_all = 13.5 MPa
Es
Modulus ratio n := = 7.641
Ec
2
π DBT
2
In tensile zone try nsT := 8 bar of DBT := DBmid AsT := nsT ⋅ = 16.085 cm
4
DBT
Effective depth of section ds := ts − cover − = 179.5 mm
2
Neutral axis of cracked section X :=

−2n ⋅ AsT + (2n ⋅ AsT) 2 − 4 ⋅ bs ⋅ (−2n ⋅ AsT ⋅ ds) = 55.261 mm
2 ⋅ bs
3
bs ⋅ X
Moment of inertia cracked section I cr :=
3
+ n ⋅ AsT ⋅ ds − X( ) 2 = 2.4595 × 10 8 mm4
Ms
Concrete stress fcon := ⋅ X = 12.357 MPa
I cr
(
Condition := if fcon < fC_all , "OK" , "Not OK" = "OK" )

Ms
Reinforcement stress fs :=
I cr
( )
⋅ n ⋅ ds − X = 212.277 MPa
Thickness of concrete cover measured from dc := cover = 30 mm

extreme tension fiber to center of the flexural
reinforcement
dc
Ratio of flexural stain at the extreme tension βs := 1 + = 1.229
(
0.7 ⋅ ts − dc)
face to the streain at the centroid of reinforcement
layer closest the tension face
Exposure factor for class 2 condition γe := 0.75
Limit of spacing of mild steel reinforcement in the layer closest to the tension face shall be
700in ⋅ γe
coverlimit := − 2dc = 292.541 mm
fs
βs ⋅
ksi
(
Condition := if cover ≤ coverlimit , "OK" , "Not OK" = "OK" )
7) Check for Fatigue
Service dead load moment M DL := 2.5kN ⋅ m
M DL
Serviced dead load stress fDL :=
I cr
( )
⋅ n ⋅ ds − X = 9.649 MPa
Fatigue stress at mid cap ffatigue := fs − fDL = 202.628 MPa
Take minimum stress level as fmin := fDL = 9.649 MPa
 r  := 0.3
Ration of base radius to height  
h
Fatigue limit ( AREMA 2006-section 2.26.2 (b) )
 r
F fatigue_all := 145MPa − 0.33fmin + 55MPa ⋅ 

 = 158.316 MPa
h 
(
Condition := if ffatigue < F fatigue_all , "OK" , "Not OK" = "Not OK" )

Table Summary
Area of
Live Moment Numbers of Spacing
Directions Types Reinforecment DB (mm)
Loads (kN*m) bar per 1m (mm)
(cm^2)
Support 71.000 12.064 16 6 200

LL Transverse
Mid Span 72.000 12.064 16 6 200
Support 95.000 16.085 16 8 125
ML Transverse
Mid Span 90.000 16.085 16 8 125
- Frame Span Loads (Con railing) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units in SAP2000
- Frame Span Loads (SDL) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
- Frame Span Loads (LL) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units

- Frame Span Loads (LL) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
-Frame Span Loads (ML) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units

- Frame Span Loads (ML) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Strength I_LL) - KN, m, C Units

- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Strength I_LL) - KN, m, C Units
- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Strength I_ML) - KN, m, C Units

- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Strength I_ML) - KN, m, C Units
- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Service II_LL) - KN, m, C Units

- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Service II_LL) - KN, m, C Units
- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Service II_ML) - KN, m, C Units

- Moment 3-3 Diagram (Service II_ML) - KN, m, C Units

Mathcad - Bridge (8mx18m) Deck Slab Design

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Ministry of Public Work and Transport 12/2/2019

BRIDGE (8MX18M) DECK SLAB DESIGN

Width of bridge B bridge := 8000mm

Clear width of bridge Wbridge := 6000mm

Length of bridge L Bridge := 18000mm

Width of beams bw := 400mm

Heigth of beams hb := 1200mm + ts = 1417.5 mm

Spacing between center line of beams sb := 2000mm

Side overhange from center line of exterior beams L over := 1000mm

2) Material and Properites

MPWT:5, section 5.1.2.2-a, Table 5.1.1 f´c := 30MPa = 4.351 ⋅ ksi

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page1

Modulus of elastic of concrete Ec := 1820 f´c ⋅ ksi = 26175.29 ⋅ MPa

Allowable compressive strength in concrete fC_all := 0.45f´c = 13.5 MPa

fr_M1 := 0.24 f´c ⋅ ksi = 3.452 MPa

fr_M2 := 0.20 f´c ⋅ ksi = 2.876 MPa

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth cover1 := 75mm

Concrete exposed to earth or weather:

Wall panels, slab, and joists cover2 := 25mm

Other members cover3 := 40mm

Concrete not exposed to earth or weather:

Wall, sla b, and joists cover4 := 20mm

Primary cover5 := 40mm

Tie , Stirrup, or Spiral cover6 := 25mm

Yield strength of steel reinforcements deformed bar (DB) fy_DB := 400MPa

Yield strength of steel reinforcements round bar (RB) fy_RB := 235MPa

Modulus of elastic of steel reinforcement Es := 200000MPa

Assume width of the deck slab bs := 1000mm

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page2

4.1) Self weight

Self weight of railing SWraling := 250mm ⋅ 250 mm ⋅ 980 mm ⋅ γc = 1.501 kN

4.2) Superimposed Dead Load

Multiple presence factor: 1 lane m1 := 1.20

Design vehicular live load: HL-93

8kip = 35.586 ⋅ kN 32kip = 142.343 ⋅ kN 36kip = 160.136 ⋅ kN

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page3

25kip = 111.206 ⋅ kN 25kip = 111.206 ⋅ kN

4.3) Military Live Loads

Design military live load: HL-93x1.25

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page4

4.4) Dynamic Load Allowance

From AASHTO Specification 4th edition: 2010, section

IMfatigue := 15% All other components

IMall := 33% All other components

Use one layers of steel reinforcement of DBsup := 16mm DBmid := 16mm

Use cover for reinforcement protection of cover := 30mm

Design moment for beam M u_sup := 95kN ⋅ m

Strength reduction factor for moment ϕm := 0.9

ρmax if ρmax < ρ

5.2) Design for Positive Moment at Mid Span

Strength reduction factor for moment ϕm := 0.9

ρmax if ρmax < ρ

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page7

6) Control of Cracking by Distrbutionof Reinforcement at Service Limit Stage

Design service load moment M s := 55kN ⋅ m

Allowable compressive stress of concrete fC_all = 13.5 MPa

Neutral axis of cracked section X :=

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page8

Thickness of concrete cover measured from dc := cover = 30 mm

Exposure factor for class 2 condition γe := 0.75

Service dead load moment M DL := 2.5kN ⋅ m

Fatigue stress at mid cap ffatigue := fs − fDL = 202.628 MPa

Take minimum stress level as fmin := fDL = 9.649 MPa

Bridge(8mx18m) Deck Slab Design Page9