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Evolution of building typology 1

Factors affecting the evolution of building typologies of commercial entities in the


surrounding of temple prescient

Nymisha Lakshmi, 2019

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning, MAHE

Author Note
The authors belong to the faculty of architecture, Manipal Academy Of Higher Education
(MAHE)Manipal academy of higher education formerly known as Manipal University .Authors
contact information: lakshminymisha1998@gmail.com
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Abstract
The growth and change have been variable over decades in commercial sector, which has
a major impact on the built structure and its typologies. As the demand increased, unfolding of
the spaces took place in vertical as well as horizontal forms and abandoning of the old typologies.
Different context tends to unfold different typologies due to varied factors, this paper focuses on
the factors that lead to change in the commercial typologies of shops leading towards Udupi
Krishna mutt, which has seen a sea change over the past two decades.
Keywords: commercial, retail, pilgrim centers, building typology
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Introduction
Temple square, apart from conducting rituals is also utilised for the community activities
which encourage the commercial setups around the precinct. Initially immediate area around the
precinct is occupied by Brahmins, who participated in day to day activities of temple rituals. Over
time diverse settlements have evolved around the temple, in order to meet the demand of the
growing population and pilgrim footfall along with other tourists. The commercial entities were
given a major priority and accommodated around the temple precinct within the residential sector
forming mixed use type.
The architectural style of the old commercial setups is influenced by high cultural value
and climatic aspects of the region. The change and growth being constant lead to the increase in
the demand and the physical area requirements which resulted in horizontal unfolding of buildings
and creating the character to the commercial setup (wide opening and foyer for customers). Further
growth had led to the vertical unfolding creating a stark contrast to the architectural style and
typology that existed before. This paper focuses on the factors that led to change in the commercial
typologies leading towards Udupi Krishna mutt.

Aim
To determine the factors affecting on emerging building typologies commercial entities.

Objectives

➔ To study the historical overview of the commercial entities.

➔ To understand the various determinants that affect the change in the typologies of
the buildings like,
Political
Social
Economic
Tourism
Finance
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Scope
To understand the various factors that had major impact on unfolding the building
typologies surrounding the temple complex from vernacular to conventional forms.

Limitations
The paper only tends to discuss the commercial entities leading towards temple complex
excluding the residential sectors and the temple premises on its north south axis.
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Methodology

Literature case study Tirupati - Tirumala

Tirupati is an ancient holy city located in the south-eastern part of Andhra Pradesh in Chittoor
district, Situated at the foothills of the Eastern Ghats. Tirupati is known for Pilgrim and tourist
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destination similar to Udupi. The growth of Tirupati as a settlement have a major impact on change
in building typology, was done in three phases. The first phase (5-10th century) in which the
settlements around the temple were dedicated to the brahmins, who were engaged in the day to
day activities of the temple (ch-2, shodhganga). Sri Ramanuja a great scholar who promulgated
teaching, where god is accessible to all, regardless of caste, created an enormous impact in terms
of diverse settlement, through which construction of the residential quarters have been introduced.
in the second phase (14th century) the emperor, Sri Krishnadevaraya contributed liberally for
introduction of commercial space with in the residence , were used to provide livelihood to the
people who settled around the temple which gradually resulted in physical agglomeration around
the temple complex(ch-2, shodhganga). In the third phase (19th century) british government 1886,
helped in providing better civic amenities due to the increase of tourism and development of
commercial space in colonial architectural form (ch-2, shodhganga).1 after 19th century the
development of tirupati is handed over to ttd an independent trust introduced planning regulation.
through this regulations and bylaws unfolding of the buildings vertically took place with
conventional construction method to meet the demand.

Fig 1: showing the evolution of building typologies of commercial streets of Tirupati


Source: southreport.com

The main factor that led to the changes in the building typology in Tirupati are as follows
● Political pressure on architectural aspects
● Pilgrim and tourist destination
● Demographic pressure

1
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/118597/7/07_chapter-ii.pdf
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● Economy
● Urban Pressure

CASE STUDY -
UDUPI KRISHNA MUTT

Udupi Sri Krishna Mutt is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to the god Krishna and Dvaita Matha
located in the city of Udupi in Karnataka, India. The Krishna Matha was founded by the
Vaishnavite saint Jagadguru Sri Madhvacharya in the 13th century.The growth pattern of the
settlements were similar to any other temple precinct where Brahmins reside around the temple
complex to participate in day to day activity. The surrounding lands are owned by krishna mutt
temple authorities which were eventually sold to Konkani community people who were dominant
in udupi. The development of the residential and commercial sector around the temple is majorly
done by konkanis.

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF BUILDINGS IN UDUPI

Building age / 50-100 0-50


elements

Roofing Flat roof or sloping roof Gabled sloping roof (Mangalore


(concrete) tiles )

Fenestration Aluminum frames for doors and Wooden frames for doors and
windows with glazing windows

Structural elements Rcc columns and beams Wooden columns and beams and
brackets
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Porch area Absence of interactive space Accessible to the general public


(interactive space )

Table 1: showing the change of architectural elements of buildings

Data collection
interviews and observational survey

fig 2: showing the boundaries of the survey area


Source: UCS studio work (author)

Data collection of survey


Sample size: 86
Residential / office/ hotels - 23
Commercial - 63
Mixed use - 30
Commercial (vernacular) - 25
Commercial (conventional) - 8
No of surveys conducted: 63(only includes commercial typology)
Interview format:
1. Location
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2. Stakeholder details (name and community)


3. Details of the building (significance and typology )
4. Age of the building
5. Architectural style

6. Changes in building over a period of time and the reasons

DATA ANALYSIS
Through the survey and observation understanding the age, typology, architectural style of the
building and the type of changes that had taken place over a period of time and the causes of
changes are analysed and the main determinants that had an impact on the change of building
typologies are derived .

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY


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Fig 3: showing the evolution of building typologies of commercial sector of north street in udupi
Source: author

Fig 4: showing the evolution of building typologies of commercial sector of south street in udupi
Source: author

The fig-3 and fig-4 shows the transformation building typologies in north south axis of Udupi
Krishan mutt from the time period of 100 years to present. Initially the building from the time
period of 100 -50 years were edge to edge construction with vernacular architecture with different
color pallets. After the introduction of planning regulations and byelaws for past 10 years, vertical
unfolding of the building took place and from past 5 years conventional methods were followed
leaving behind the vernacular approach. The main determinants which had affected the change of
the building typology are as follows:

● Structural stability

● Material affordability

● Skill and ease of construction

● Demography pressure
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● Planning regulations

● Tourism

● Economy

CONCLUSION
India being a country of highly diverse culture and heritage which is portrayed through various
factors and buildings being one of them. Growth and change have been variable over decades in
commercial sector, which has a major impact on the built structure and its typologies resulting
in:
 change in architectural character
 Loss of identity with respect to the essence of the built form and typology
 Change in material and its impact on construction methodology leading to change in the
built form

WAYFORWARD
This study could be further used as a base for the comprehensive understanding in formulating
design guidelines in culturally which area with heritage associated, so that the loss in identity of
the built forms could be reduced to a certain extent.
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Literature study
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References
AN OVERVIEW OF UNORGANIZED RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA RAGHAVENDRA
R.H PhD (2016)Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, School of Management,
Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605 014, +918015896437, raghavpondiuni@gmail.com

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/118597/7/07_chapter-ii.pdf

Deciphering groundwater potential zones using MIF technique and GIS: A study from Tirupati,
Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Balaji Etikala, Veeraswamy Golla, Peiyue Li, SiddiRaju Renat (2019) Department of Geology,
Sri Venkateswara University, Chandragiri Road, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India,
balajiyvu@gmail.com

Arveti, N., Etikala, B. and Dash, P. (2016) Land Use/Land Cover Analysis Based on Various
Comprehensive Geospatial Data Sets: A Case Study from Tirupati Area, South India. Advances
in Remote Sensing, 5, 73-82.

EVOLUTION OF RETAIL INDUSTRY IN INDIA Ms. Subidita Pattanaik a Dr. Bidhu Bhusan
Mishrab aAssistant Professor Management, G.C.E. Kalahandi, Bhawanipatna, Odisha, India b
Professor (Marketing), Department of Business Administration, Utkal University,
Bhubaneswar(2106)

AN OVERVIEW OF UNORGANIZED RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA RAGHAVENDRA


R.H PhD Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, School of Management, Pondicherry
University, Pondicherry-605 014, +918015896437, raghavpondiuni@gmail.com

FROM SHOP HOUSES TO SHOP OFFICES: EVOLUTION OF MODERN SHOP OFFICES


DESIGN IN MALAYSIA Arita Hanim Awang Department of Applied Arts and Design
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Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design International Islamic University Malaysia,


53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Email: aritahanim@iium.edu.my (2017)

http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Tirupati_SCP.pdf

https://udupi.nic.in/en/

http://www.udupicity.mrc.gov.in/

https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/udupi

http://www.udipikrishnamutt.com/

https://www.india.gov.in/website-udupi-district-karnataka

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