RENAISSANCE

- Revolution
o In history, revolution is the reason for constant shift in society.
o In order for an era to be revolutionary, it has to leave a long-lasting influence through
social, economic and political means.
o Historians debate whether the Renaissance was considered a revolutionary period of
history or not
o Renaissance means “rebirth” and laid the foundation of the current era, the Modern
Times
o Renaissance is a revolutionary period of history due to the far-reaching changes in art,
politics, science and technology, as well as religion. During this period, art became
more realistic, politics became based on merit, science and technology reached its
greatest innovation point and lastly, religion began to fade away as humanism started
to take its place.
- Renaissance
o Muling pagsilang ng Kulturang Greco-Romano
o Nakita ang kahalagahan ng mga likha dahil itinatampok ang kakayahan ng tao
- Pagsilang sa Italya
o Sentro ng kulturang Greco-Roman
o Nakuha ang mga bagong ideya ng mga Bizantino at Muslim
o Maraming mayayamang taong sumuporta sa sining
o Florence
 maraming pintor, iskultor, arkitekto at manunulat
 suportado ng pamahalaan
 Pamilyang Medici
- Pagbabagong Dulot ng Renaissance
o Sekularismo: mas nakatuon sa mundo at sa kasalukuyan at kaysa relihiyon at kabilang
buhay
o Humanismo: nakasentro sa taong marunong mag-isip kaysa taong namamanipula ng
Diyos
o Indibidwalismo: may potensiyal ang bawat isang tao ipamalas ang kaniyang kahusayan
kaysa sama-samang pagkilos
o Skeptisismo: kinuwestiyon ang awtoridad ng Simbahan at ng pamahalaan pati na ang
mga nakasanayang kaalaman sa mundo
- Paglalahat: Sinabi ni St. Irenaeus of Lyons ang hamon sa atin ng Renaissance – The glory of
God is man fully alive. Malawakang pagbabago ang naganap sa lipunan noong maganap ang
Renaissance at nakaugat ang lahat ng ito sa kagalingan ng taong nagmumula sa Diyos.
- Galileo Galilei
o In Galileo's lifetime, all celestial bodies were thought to orbit the Earth. Supported by the
Catholic Church, teaching opposite of this system was declared heresy in 1615.
o Galileo, however, did not agree. His research — including his observations of the phases
of Venus and the fact that Jupiter boasted moons that didn't orbit Earth — supported
the Copernican system, which (correctly) stated that the Earth and other planets circle
the sun.
o In 1616, he was summoned to Rome and warned not to teach or write about this
controversial theory. But in 1632, believing that he could write on the subject if he
treated it as a mathematical proposition, he published work on the Copernican system.
He was found guilty of heresy, and was placed under house arrest for the remaining nine
years of his life.
- Literatura
o lumaganap dahil sa printing press ni Johannes Gutenberg)
o paggamit ng vernacular
o Humanismo
 Francesco Petrarch (Italian)
 soneto
 tema ng pag-ibig
 Desiderius Erasmus (Dutch)
 The Praise of Folly
 pang-aabuso ng simbahan at ng mga mayayaman
 Thomas More (English)
 Utopia
 ideyal na estado
 Dante Alighieri (Italian)
 Divine Comedy
 paglalakbay sa purgatoryo, impiyerno at langit
o Miguel de Cervantes (Spanish)
 Don Quixote of La Mancha
 tinuligsa ang chivalry
o John Milton (English)
 Paradise Lost
 tinuligsa ang relihiyon
o Niccolo Machiavelli (Italian)
 The Prince
 The end justifies the means
- Sining
o Leonardo da Vinci
 Mona Lisa
 realistiko
o Michelangelo
 Sistine Chapel
 relihiyoso ngunit realistiko
o Filippo Brunelleschi
 Dome of the Florence Cathedral
 paggamit ng perspective
o Caravaggio
 Supper at Emmaus
 light and shadow (chiaroscuro)
- Agham
o Nicolaus Copernicus
 Heliocentric theory
 sun-centered model of the solar system
o Galileo Galilei
 Father of Modern Science
 mas pinabuting telescope
 Universal law of acceleration
o Johannes Kepler
 Laws of Planetary Motion
  paglalarawan sa orbit ng mga planeta
o Francis Bacon
 Scientific Method
 papel ng experiment para sa paghahanap ng karunungan
- Paglalahat: Nakaugat ang lahat ng pagbabago noong Renaissance sa kagalingan ng taong
nagmumula sa Diyos. Marapat lamang na ibalik sa Kaniya ang kagalingang ito.