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(AEÜ) 64 (2010) 47 – 55
www.elsevier.de/aeue
Abstract
This paper presents a novel CMOS differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) based on a wide linear range transcon-
ductor with common mode detection. The DVCC exhibits a wide dynamic input range of ±0.9 V. It is used to realize an
instrumentation amplifier, a multiple input single output filter, and a single input multiple output universal filter. PSPICE sim-
ulations of the proposed DVCC and its based applications are given using 0.25 m CMOS technology from TMSC MOSIS
and dual supply voltages ±1.5 V.
䉷 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
2I B
Iout = −K Vid (14)
K 13
2
Vid 2 1
IM9 = I SS + I B = K + IB + (15)
2 K 13 K
M1–M4 0.5 4
M5–M8 1 1
M9–M12, M19–M20, 0.5 0.5
M25–M28
M13–M14 0.5 1
M15–M16 5 0.5
M17–M18 1 0.5
M21–M24 20 0.25
M29–M30 6 2
M31–M32 5 2
Fig. 5. Magnitude frequency response of the voltage transfer gain.
Fig. 8. The offset voltage of the X terminal along with its Fig. 11. The X terminal voltage along with a 0.5 V–1 MHz differ-
derivative. ential square input.
R2
Vout = Vid (19)
R1
Obviously, the ratio of the Z terminal resistance to the X Fig. 15 is demonstrating the ac gain. The 3-dB BW proves
terminal resistance defines the gain G of the amplifier. In to be constant for different gain values.
addition, this circuit can realize an inverting or noninvert-
ing amplifier, by simply connecting Y1 or Y2 to ground,
respectively. One should also note that this circuit can be 3.2. MISO BP–LP filter
utilized as a voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS). In
order to verify the performance of the instrumentation am- In this section the proposed DVCC is used to realize a
plifier, PSPICE simulations were carried out using ±1.5 V MISO second-order LP–BP filter as shown in Fig. 16. Two
supply voltages. The X terminal resistance was set to 2 k, different responses are achieved depending on the actual
while the Z terminal resistance was scanned from 2 to 8 k active input. If the first input is active, while the second one
in steps of 2 k. The length of the output stage transistors is grounded, an inverting bandpass response is obtained. On
was increased to 0.75 m to minimize the channel length the other hand, grounding the first input while activating
modulation effect. Fig. 14 displays the DC gain of the in- the second one generates a noninverting lowpass response.
strumentation amplifier for G varying from 1 to 4, while This can be verified through direct analysis, obtaining the
T.M. Hassan, S.A. Mahmoud / Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEÜ) 64 (2010) 47 – 55 53
R, R1 –R2 1 k R 2 k
C1 0.25 nF R1 0.65 k
C2 0.5 nF R2 0.5 k
C1 0.8 nF
C2 0.2 nF
typical active filters with CFOA. First, it has infinite input Fig. 20 shows the simulated highpass and lowpass frequency
and output impedances. Second, all elements are grounded. responses with the design parameters given in Table 4. The
By applying direct analysis to the filter blocks, the following simulated cutoff frequency equals to 469 kHz which is very
transfer functions and gains are obtained: close to the theoretical value. The design parameters are
then optimized as shown in Table 4 to achieve a bandpass
VH P (S 2 R(R3 + R4 )/R3 R4 ) response with Q = 8 and f 0 = 800 kHz (Fig. 21).
= (27)
Vi D(S)
VB P (S R(R3 + R4 )/R1 C1 R3 R4 ) 4. Conclusion
= (28)
Vi D(S)
In this paper, a novel CMOS DVCC based on a wide lin-
VL P (R(R3 + R4 )/R1 C1 R2 C2 R3 R4 ) ear range transconductor has been presented. The DVCC
= (29)
Vi D(S) has demonstrated a wide dynamic range in the vicinity of
±0.9 V for the voltage follower and a ±1 mA for the current
R R
D(S) = S 2 + S + (30) follower. The DVCC was used to implement an instrumen-
C 1 R1 R4 C 1 C 2 R1 R2 R3 tation amplifier, a MISO LP–BP filter, and a SIMO universal
R(R3 + R4 ) filter. The proposed DVCC circuit and the realized applica-
Av H P = (31) tions have been verified using PSPICE simulations.
R3 R4
R4 References
Av B P = 1 + (32)
R3
[1] Sedra A, Smith K. A second-generation current conveyor
R3
AvL P = 1 + (33) and its applications. IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory
R4 1970;17:132–4.
T.M. Hassan, S.A. Mahmoud / Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEÜ) 64 (2010) 47 – 55 55
[2] Mahmoud SA. Fully differential CMOS CCII based on assistant at the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department,
differential difference transconductor. Analog Integrated German University in Cairo. His research interests are in circuit
Circuits and Signal Processing 2007;50:195–203. theory; low-voltage analog CMOS circuit design, current-mode
[3] Soliman AM. Current conveyors steer universal filter. Analog analog signal processing, and mixed analog/digital programmable
Action 1995; 45–6. analog blocks. He is currently also an IEEE student member.
[4] Mahmoud SA. New fully differential CMOS second-
generation current conveyor. ETRI Journal 2006;28:495–501. Soliman Mahmoud was born in Cairo,
[5] Mahmoud SA. Fully differential CMOS CCII based on Egypt, in 1971. He received the B.Sc.
differential difference transconductor. Analog Integrated degree with honors in 1994, the M.Sc.
Circuits and Signal Processing 2006;49:267–79. degree in 1996, and the Ph.D. degree
[6] Mahmoud SA, Hashiesh MA, Soliman AM. Digitally in 1999, all from the Electronics and
controlled fully differential current conveyor. IEEE Communications Department, Cairo
Transactions on Circuits and Systems I 2005;52:2055–64. University, Egypt. He is currently an
[7] Soliman AM. Current feedback operational amplifier based Associate Professor at the Electrical
oscillators. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Engineering Department, Fayoum Uni-
2000;32:45–55. versity, Egypt. He is currently also a
[8] Elwan HO, Soliman AM. Novel CMOS differential voltage visiting Associate Professor at the Electrical and Electronics Engi-
current conveyor and its applications. IEE Proceedings neering Department, German University in Cairo, Egypt. In 2005,
1997;144:195–200. He was decorated with the Science Prize in Advanced Engineering
[9] Ismail AM, Soliman AM. Novel CMOS linearized balanced Technology from the Academy of Scientific Research and Tech-
output transconductance amplifier based on differential pairs. nology. His research and teaching interests are in circuit theory,
Frequenz 1999;53:170–4. fully integrated analog filters, high-frequency transconductance
[10] Soliman AM. Applications of the current feedback amplifiers, low-voltage analog CMOS circuit design, current-mode
operational amplifiers. Analog Integrated Circuits Signal analog signal processing, and mixed analog/digital programmable
Processing 1996;11:265–302. analog blocks.