UDC 6 2 4 ( 0 8 3 .

7 5 ) S A B S 1200 G A - 1 9 8 2

SOUTH A F R I C A N BUREAU O F STANDARDS

STANDARDIZED S P E C I F I C A T I O N

for

C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G CONSTRUCTION

GA : CONCRETE (SMALL WORKS)

A p p r o v e d by t h e O b t a i n a b l e from t h e
COUNCIL OF THE S A BUREAU OF STANDARDS
SOUTH AFRICAN P r i v a t e B a g X191
BUREAU O F STAIJDARDS Pretoria
o n 1 7 A u g u s t 1982 0001 R e p u b l i c of South A f r i c a

T e l e g r a m s : C o m p a r a t o r , Pretoria

P u b l i s h e d and p r i n t e d i n t h e R e p u b l i c of S o u t h A f r i c a by t h e
S o u t h A f r i c a n B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s

ISBN 0.626-06298-5 Gr6

 3 SAPS lZU0 tiA-1982
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

CONTENTS

1 . SCOPE .............................................................................. 5
2 . INTERPRETATIONS .................................................................... 5
2.1 ..........................................................
Supportiny s p e c i f i c a t i o n s 5
2.2 Application ........................................................................ 5
2.3 befillitions ........................................................................ 5
2.4 E x p l a n a t i o n of Terms ............................................................... 5
2.4.1 ............................................................
P r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e 5
2.4.2 Strenqth concrete .................................................................. 5
3 . MATERIALS ..........................................................................
.............................................................. 5
Approval of M a t e r i a l s
5
3.1
3.2 Cement ............................................................................. 6
3.2.1 .......................................................... 6
Applicable s p e c i f i c a t i o n s
3.2.2 ................................................................. 6
S t o r a g e of cemerit
3.3 Water .............................................................................. 6
3.4 Aggregates ......................................................................... 6
3.4.1 Applicable s p e c i f i c a t i o i i ........................................................... 6
3.4.2 Use of plums ....................................................................... 6
3.4.3 S t o r a g e of a g g r e g a t e s .............................................................. 6
3.5 Reinforcement ......................................................................6
3.6 Storage Capacity ................................................................... 6
3.7 Deteriorated Material .............................................................. 6
4 . PLANT ..............................................................................
G e n e r a l ............................................................................
6
6
4.1
4.2 Mixing P l a n t ....................................................................... 6
4.3 V i b r a t o r s .......................................................................... 6
4.4 formwork ........................................................................... 6
4.4.1 Design ............................................................................. 6
4.4.2 F i n i s h ............................................................................. 6
4.4.3 T i e s ............................................................................... 6
5 .5 . 1 CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................
Reinforcement ...................................................................... 6
6

5.1.1 Bending ................................... ......................................... 6

5.1.2 F i x i n g ................................... 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.1.3 Cover .................................... ......................................... 7.

5.2 Formwork ................................. ......................................... 1
5.2.1 C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of f i n i s h e s ............... ......................................... 7
5.2.2 P r e p a r a t i o n o f formwork .................. ......................................... 1
5.2.3 Removal of formwork ...................... ......................................... 7
5.2.4 Re-use of formwork ....................... ......................................... 7
5.3 Holes. Chases. P i p e s . C o n d u i t s . arid F i x i n g Blocks .................................. 7
5.4 Concrete .................................. ......................................... 1
5.4.1 Q u a l i t y ............................................................................ 1
5.4.2 Batclling ........................................................................... 8
5.4.3 Mixing ............................................................................. 8
5.4.4 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ..................................................................... 8
5.4.5 P l a c i n g ............................................................................ 8
5.4.6 Compaction ......................................................................... 9
5.4.7 Curing and p r o t e c t i o n .............................................................. 9
5.4.8 C o n c r e t e s u r f a c e s .................................................................. 9
5.4.9 w a t e r t . i y h t c o n c r e t e ................................................................ 9
5.4.10 D e f e c t s ............................................................................ 9
6 . TOLERANCES ......................................................................... 9
6.1 B a s i s of Measurement ............................................................... 9
6.1.1 General ............................................................................ 9
6.1.2 Methods of measurement of d e v i a t i o n s ................................................ 9
6.2 Formwork ........................................................................... 10
6.3 Cover t o Reinforcement .............................................................. 10
6.4 P e r m i s s i b l e D e v i a t i o n s ............................................................. 10
7 . TESTS .............................................................................. 10
7.1 F a c i l i t i e s and Frequency of Sampling ............................................... 10
7.1.1 F a c i l i t i e s ......................................................................... 10
7.1.2 Frequency o f sampling .............................................................. 10
7.2 T e s t i n g ............................................................................ 1U
7.2.1 G e n e r a l ............................................................................ 10
7.2.2 Laboriitory t e s t i n g ................................................................. 10
7.2.3 E a r l y - s t r e n g t h t e s t i n g ............................................................. 10
7.3 Acceptance C r i t e r i a f o r S t r e n g t h C o n c r e t e .......................................... 11
CONTENTS ( c o n t i riued)

Clause .
.
.
P a g e tlumber

8 . I I I : A : ~ U R E ~ I E I I T AEIL) PAYMENT ............................................................ 11

8.1 Elcdsureinerit aiid Rates .............................................................. 11
8.1.1 Formwork ........................................................................... 11
8.1.2 Reinfnrccnient ...................................................................... 11
8.1.3 Concrete ........................................................................... 12
8.1.4 C o n c r e t e complete w i t h formwork.................................................... 12
8.2 S c h e d u l e d Formwork Items ........................................................... 12
8.3 ......................................................
S c h e d u l e d R e i n f o r c e l i i e n t Items 13
R.4 ..........................................................
S c h e d u l e d C o n c r e t e Items 13
8.5 Joints ............................................................................ 13
8.6 .................................
M a n u E a c t u r e ( o r S u p p l y ) and E r e c t P r e c a s t Elemen s 13
8.7 Groutiriq .......................................................................... 13
8.8 .............................................
tiD B o l t s a n d M i s c e l l a n e o u s Metal Work 13

APPENDIX A . APPLICABLE STAEIDAHLJS ......................... ................................... 14

F i r s t R e v i s i o n A u g u s t 1982
Tliis s p e c i f i c a t i o n s u p e r s e d e s
SABS 1200 GA-1980
 SAPS 1:uu GA-13Hi
Coiicrete ( s m a l l works)

SOIJTli AFRICAN DUREAU OF STANDARDS

STAhIJARUIZED SPECIFICATION
for
C I V I 1, C N G I N E E R i N G CONSTRUCTION

GA : CONCRETE (SMALL WORKS)

1. SCOPE
1.1 T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o v e r s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r c o n c r e t e ( p l a i n and r e i n f o r c e d ) f o r s m a l l works a s s o c i a t e d
w i t h p i p e l i n e s , r o a d s , r a i l w a y s , pump s t a t i o n s , e t c . I t covers the b a s i c materials, t h e p l a n t d i d
formwork r e q u i r e d , t h e q u a l i t y , m a n u f a c t u r e , arid c u r i n g o f c o n c r e t e , t o l e r a n c e s i n workmanship, t e s t i n g ,
and t h e methods by which t h e f i n i s h e d s t r u c t u r e i s t o b e measured f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of payment.
NOTE: The s t a n d a r d s r e f e r r e d t o i l l t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix A .

2. INTERPRETATIONS
2.1 SUPPORTING SPECXFICATIONS. Where t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d f o r a p r o j e c t , t h e f o l l o w i n g s y e c i f i -
c a t i o n s s h a l l , i n t e r a l i a , form p a r t of t h e c o n t r a c t document:
a) Project specification;
b ) SARS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 A A , as a p p l i c a b l e ;
s l i d , i n a d d i t i o n , SABS 1 2 0 0 D o r S A F E 1200 D A , as a p p l i c a b l e , may b e r e q u i r e d .
NOTE: Reqiiirements g i v e n i n SABS 1200 ; and a p p l i c a b l e a l s o t o s m a l l works have been i n c l u d e d i n t h e
s p e c i f i c a t i o n b u t r e q u i r e m e n t s r e l a t i r i y t o d e s i g n and t o s o p h i s t i c a t e d c o n c r e t e c o n s t r u c t i o n have not
been i n c l u d e d . C e r t a i n r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h a t a p p l y p a r t i c u l a r l y t o s m a l l works do not
a p p e a r i n SABS 1200 G .
SABS 1200 G and t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s h o u l d n o t form p a r t o f t h e same c o n t r a c t .

2.2 APPLICATION, T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o n t a i n s c l a u s e s t h a t a r e g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o s m a l l c o n c r e t e
s t r u c t u r e s f o r c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g works. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s and v a r i a t i o n s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e s e t o u t
i n P o r t i o n 2 o f t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n which p r e c e d e s t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i n a c o i i t r a c t document.

2.3 DEFINITIONS. F o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h e d e f i n i t i o n s and a b b r e v i a t i o n s g i v e n i n SABS

1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA ( a s a p p l i c a b l e ) and t h e f o l l o w i n g d e f i n i t i o n s s h a l l a p p l y :

a ) General
Approved l a b o r a t o r y . A l a b o r a t o r y s u i t a b l y equipped and s t a f f e d f o r p u r p o s e s o f c o n c r e t e t e s t i n g aiid as
s u c h approved by t h e E n g i n e e r .
Cold w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i n which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e i s 5 OC or l e s s .
C o n c r e t e c o v e r . The t h i c k n e s s of c o n c r e t e between t h e f a c e o f t h e c o n c r e t e and t h e o u t s i d e of
reinforcing s t e e l nearest t h i s face as c a s t .
,
cool w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i n which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e i s h i g h e r t h a n 5 OC b u t n o t h i g h e r
t h a n 15 OC.
Formwork. Temporary works r e q u i r e d t o s u p p o r t arid s h a p e t h e c o n c r e t e f o r a s t r u c t u r e .
Normal w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i t i which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e is h i g h e r t h a n 1 5 OC b u t n o t h i g h e r
t h a n 3 2 OC.

b) Quality
GLade of c o n c r e t e . An i d e n t i f y i n g number f o r t h e c o n c r e t e , t h e number b e i n g n u m e r i c a l l y e q u a l t o the
s p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h a t 2R d e x p r e s s e d i n meyapascals ( s e e 2.4.2).
P r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e . C o n c r e t e f o r which t h e E n g i n e e r h a s p r e s c r i b e d t h e mix p r o p o r t i o n s .
Heady-mixed c o n c r e t e . C o n c r e t e complying w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o i i a t i d
d e l i v e r e d on t h e S i t e i n a p l a s t i c s t a t e .
Sample (of c o n c r e t e ) . The niinimum volume of uncompacted f r e s h l y mixed c o n c r e t e r e q u i r e d i n terms of SABS
3
Method 861 f o r a d e s i g n a t e d t e s t ( e . g . 1 6 dm f o r t h e c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e n g t h t e s t f o r 3 c u b e s of nominal
side l 5 U mm) .
Strenytlr concrete. Concrete designed priniarily f o r s t r e n g t h .
W o r k .a.-b -
i l i t y . The p r o p e r t y of f r e s h c o n c r e t e t h a t d e t e r m i n e s t h e e a s e w i t h which it can b e p l a c e d and
compacted w i t h o u t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s .

c) Strength
S p e c i f i e d streiiyLl!. The r e q u i r e d c o n c r e t e s t r e n g t h ( o r t h e s t r e n g t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e d
c o n c r e t e g r a d e ) s t a t t v l on t h e d r a w i n g s o r i n tlie p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , and which i n a l l c a s e s r e p r e s e n t s
t h e s t r e n y t h below which iiot more t h a n 5 % of v a l i d 28 d t e s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d on cubes of c o n c r e t e o f
t h e same g r a d e caii be e x p e c t e d t o f a l l . (NOTE: S p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h is r e f e r r e d t o i n c e r t a i n d e s i g n
codes a s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t r e n g t h . )
V a l i d t e s t r e s u l t . The a v e r a g e r e s u l t o b t a i n e d from t h e t e s t i n g of t h r e e t e s t cubes of c o n c r e t e i n
accordance w i t h SABS Eletliod 863.

2.4 EXPIANATION OF TERMS

2.4.1 I __
P r e s c r i b e d Mix C u n c r e t e . A p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e may be d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e g r a d e ui c o n c r e t e t l m t t h e
Enyineer aims t o a c h i e v e w i t h t h e mix p r o p o r t i o n s that: he w i l l p r e s c r i b e , e . g . p r e s c r i b e d mix 20 r e i e r s
t o a c o n c r e t e w i t h mix p r o p o r t i o n s t h a t w i l l n o r m a l l y r e s u l t i n a Grade 20 c o n c r e t e .
2.4.2 S t r e n g t h Coiicrete.. A s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e i s d e s i g n a t e d by i t s s p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h f o l l o w e d by t h e s i z e of
s t o n e used i n i t 5 m a n u f a c t u r e , e . g . 30 MPa/l9 mm r e f e r s t o a Grade 3 0 mix made w i t h 19 mn s t o n a .

3. PIATERIALS
3.1 APPHOVAL OF I W r E R I A L S . Thp C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l s u p p l y i i i yood time t o t h e Engiiieer-, f o r h i s a p p r o v d l ,
samples of t h e a y g r e y a t e s ( a n d , i f s o o r d e r e d , of tlie w a t e r ) t h a t : he p r o p o s e s t o u s e f o r t h e c o n c r e t e ,
and s h a l l f u r n i s h evideiice t h a t t h e w a t e r and a y y r e y a t e s comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.3 and 3.4.
Evidence s t i , ~ l lbe i n thi' form of e i t h e r
a ) a s t a t e m e n t from ari cappruved l a b o r a t o r y of tire r c s u l t s of t e s t s , o r
b ) aii a u t h o r i t a t i v e r e p o r t o r r e c o r d of p r e v i o u s e x p e r i e n c e .
SABS 1 2 0 0 ( ; A - l Y t i 2 6
C u n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

3.2 CENENT
3.2.1 A p p l i c a b l e S p e c i f i c a t i r m s . Cement and b l e n d s o f p o r t l a n d cemen': and m i l l e d g r a n u l a t e d b l a s t f u r n a c e s l a y
( s e e SABS 626) s h a l l be of t h e t y p e s c h e d u l e d or s t a t e d on t h e d r a w i n g s , and s h a l l comply w i t h t h e
relevniit. r e q u i rerneiit B of t h e f 01 l o w ing s p c c i f i c a t i o n s :
SAliS 4 7 1 P o r t l a n d cement ( o r d i n a r y , r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g , and s u l p l i s t e - r e s i s t i n g )
SARS 6 2 6 P o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cemerit
SAUS E 3 1 P o r t l a n d ceinent 1 5 and r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d cement 1 5
3.2.2 S t o r a g e of Cement. S e p a r a t e s t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d on t h e S i t e f o r e a c h t y p e of cement
used.
Cement t h a t i s s t u r e d o n S i t e s h a l l b e k e p t under c o v e r t h a t p r o v i d e s p r o p e r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t m o i s t u r e
and o t h e r f a c t o r s t h a t may promote d e t e r i o r a t i o n .

3.3 WATER. Water s h a l l b e c l e a n and f r e e from i i i j u r i o u s amounts o f a c i d s , a l k a l i s , o r g a n i c m a t t e r , and o t h e r

s u b s t a n c e s t h a t may i m p a i r t h e s t r e n g t h o r d u r a b i l i t y o f concre1:e.

3.4 AGGREGATES
3.4.1 W l i c a b l e Specification. Both t h e c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e ( s t o n e ) and t h e f i n e a g g r e g a t e ( s a n d ) s h a l l comply
w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s o f SABS 1083.
3.4.2 ______
Use of Plums. Where plums a r e r e q u i r e d t o b e u s e d , o r a r e p e r m i t t e d , t h e y s h a l l
a ) be h a r d , c l e a i i s t o n e 0 : mass 15-55 kg;
b ) c o n s t i t u t e n o t more t h a n 2 0 X of t h e volume o f t h e Concrete;
c ) have no a d h e r i n g f i l m o r c o a t i n g ;
d ) have no d i m e u s i o n g r e a t e r t h a n 3 0 0 rnm or o n e - t h i r d of t h e smcillest dimension o f t h e c o n c r e t e member,
whichever is l e s s ;
e ) each b e s u r r o u n d e d by c o n c r e t e o f d e p t h a t l e a s t 00 mm; and
f ) have an a g g r e g a t e c r u s h i n g v a l u e a t l e a s t e q u a l t o t h a t s p e c i f i e d f o r c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e i n SABS 1083.
3.4.3 S t o r a g e of A g g r e g a t e s . A g g r e g a t e s o f d i f f e r e n t nominal s i z e s s h a l l b e s t u r e d s e p a r a t e l y and i n s u c h a
way t h a t s e g r e y a t i o n i s minimized. l n t e r m i x i n g of d i f f e r e n t m a t e r i a l s and c o n t a m i n a t i o n by f o r e i g n
matter s h a l l be avoided.

3.5 REINFORCEMENT. R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of SABS 9 2 0 .

Welded s t e e l f a b r i c s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of SABS 1024.
S t e e l s h a l l b e so s t a c k e d o f f t h e ground a s t o p r e v e n t d i s t o r t i o n , and s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d from a g g r e s s i v e
e n v i r o n m e n t s and c o n t a m i n a t i o n .

3.6 STORAGE CAPACITY. The s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y p r o v i d e d and t h e amount o f m a t e r i a l s t o r e d ( w h e t h e r c e m e n t ,

a g g r e g a t e s , s t e e l , o r w a t e r ) s h a l l b e s u f f i c i e n t t o e n s u r e t h a t no i n t e r r u p t i o n t o t h e p r o g r e s s of t h e
work is o c c a s i o n e d by l a c k of m a t e r i a l s .

3.7 DETERlORATED MATERIAL. M a t e r i a l t h a t h a s d e t e r i o r a t e d , or t h a t h a s been c o n t a m i n a t e d o r o t h e r w i s e

damaged, s h a l l n o t be used i n c o n c r e t e . Such m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e removed from t h e S i t e w i t h o u t d e l a y .

4. PLANT
4.1 GENERAL. A l l p l a i i t s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d i n good working o r d e r .

4.2 E i l X I N G PLANT. The t y p e and c a p a c i t y of mixing machines s h a l l bc! such t h a t t h e r a t e o f o u t p u t of c o n c r e t e

i s s u i t a b l e f o r f.he r a t e of c o r i c r e t i i i q . Each machine s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of p r o d u c i n q a uniform
d i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e i n g r e d i e n t s t h r o u y h o u t t h e b a t c h and slid11 comply w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n t c i which t h e
m a n u f a c t u r e r c l a i m s i t h a s been manufactured. Worn or h e n t b l a d e s and p a d d l e s s h a l l b e r e p l a c e d . The
i n n e r s u r f a c e s of t h e mixer s h a l l b e c l e a n and f r e e from h a r d e n e d c o i i c r e t e .

4.3 VIBRATORS. V i b r a i . o r s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of f u l l y compacting e a c h l a y e r of c o n c r e t e where compaction by

v i b r a t i o n is r e q u i r e d ( s e e 5 . 4 . 6 . 3 ) . A t l e a s t one standby v i b r i i t o r s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e f o r every t h r e e
( o r s m a l l e r number o f ) v i b r a t o r s n e c e s s a r y t o m a i n t a i n t h e r a t e of p l a c i n g .

4.4 FORMWORK
4.4.1 Design. Formwork s h a l l be so d e s i g n e d and c o n s t r u c t e d t h a t t h e c o n c r e t e can be p r o p e r l y p l a c e d and
compacted and t h a t , s u b j e c t t o t h e t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n 6 . 2 - 6 . 4 i n c l u s i v e , t h e r e q u i r e d s h a p e s ,
f i n i s h e s , p o s i t i o n s , l e v e l s , and d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n q s a r e m a i n t a i n e d .
The fvrniwork and j o i n t s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of r e s i s t i n g t h e dead Load, i n c l u d i n g t h e p r e s s u r e e x e r t e d b)*
t h e w e t c o n c r e t e , witid f o r c e s , and a l l o t h e r superimposed l o a d s and f o r c e s .
4.4.2 --
F i n i s h . The q u a l i t y of t h e f i n i s h e d s u r f a c e of t h e c o n c r e t e s h i i l l be a s s c h e d u l e d o r shown o n t h e
drewiiiys o r a s r e q u i r e d i n terms of t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n (tee 5.2.1).
4.4.3 --
T i e s . The t y p e s of t i e s used s h a l l h e s u c h t h a t t h e r e q u i r e d f ~ n i s hi s a c h i e v e d and w i l l n o t b e marred
by s u b s e q u e n t c o r r o s i o n of t h e t i e s .

5. CONSTRUCTION
5.1 REINFORCEMENT
5.1.1 --_
Bending. R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s s h a l l b e b e f i t t o t h e d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s and i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
SADS 82.
A l l b a r s s h a l l be b e n t c o l d and bending s h a l l b e done s l o w l y , a s t e a d y , even p r e s s u r e b e i n g used w i t h o u t
j e r k or impact.
5.1.2 ----_
Eixiilg. S t e e l s h a l l , a t t h e time of t h e p l a c i n g o f t h e c o n c r e t e , b e f r e e from l o o s e or powdery r u s t ,
s c a l e , o i l , and o t h e r c o a t i n g s t h a t may reduce t h e bond between s t e e l aiid s u r r o u n d i n g c o n c r e t e , a f f e c t
t h e d u r a b i l i t y o f th,. c o n c r e t e , o r i n i t i a t e c o r r o s i o n of t h e r e i n f o r c e m e n t . I f any s u b s t a n c e o t h e r t h a n
water is used f o r 1 u b r i r . a t i n g t h e Cormwork, e v e r y p r e c a u t i o n s h a l l b e t a k e n t o a v o i d c o n t a n i i n a t i o t i of t h e
reiiltorceroent by such s i l l s t a n c e .
Reinforcement s l i a l l b e p o s i t i o n e d a s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s arid m a i n t a i n e d i n p o s i t i o n . I t s h a l l be
s e c u r e d a g a i n s t d i s p l a c e m e n t by t y i n g a t i i i t e r s e c t i o n s w i t h a n n e a l e d w i r e o f nominal d i a m e t e r 1 , 6 mm o r
1,25 mm or b y t h e u s e of a c c e p t a b l e c l i p o r , i f p e r m i t t e d b y tile E n g i n e e r , h y w e l d i n g . Reinforcemeiit
s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d i n i t s c c x r e c t p o s i t i o n by meaiis of h a n g e r s o r s a d d l e s , and a l i g n e d by means o f c h a i r s
and s p a c e r s of approved rlesiyn.
SUpportiiiy s t e e l t o approved d e s i g n w i l l b e added t o t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s c h e d u l e by t h e Eiiyineer. Other
suyportiriy m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e s u b j e c t t o p r i o r a p p r o v a l .
 7

5.1.3 -
Cover. The c o v e r of coiicrt=te o v e r r e l i i f o r c e m e n t , o t l i e r t h a n o v e r r a i l o r s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l reiriCcrccnient,
s h a l l be a t
l e a s t 30 m m , u t i l c s s shown o t h e r w i s e 0 1 1 t h e d r a w i n g s .
Cover wver r a i l arid s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l r e i n f o r c e m e n t s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 80 nun, u n l e s s shown o t h e r w i s e on t h e
drawings.

5.2 FOWIWORK
5.2.1 C l a s s i f i c a t i v n o f Finis+. Formwork w i l l b e c l a s s i f i e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n
r e q u i r e d on t h e f i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e . Such s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s rough o r smooth, a s
f o l l o w s , and w i l l b e so s c h e d u l e d :
a ) N.No t r e a t m e n t of t h e s u r f a c e of t h e c o n c r e t e w i l l be r e q u i r e d a f t e r t h e s t r i k i n g o f t h e
formwork.
b ) Smooth. I m p e r f e c t i o n s such a s s m a l l f i t i s , b u l g e s , i r r e g u l a r i t i e s , s u r f a c e honeycombing, and
u n a c c e p t a b l e s u r f a c e d i s c o l o r a t i o n s s h a l l be made good and r e p a i r e d by approved methods.
The f i n i s h e d d i m e n s i o n s of t h e c o n c r e t e f o r b o t h rough and smooth formwork s h a l l be w i t h i n t h e a p p l i c a b l e
t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n Clause 6.
5.2.2 P r e p a r a t i o n of Formwork. Forms s h a l l b e e r e c t e d w i t h j o i n t s t i g h t enough t o p r e v e n t l e a k a g e of cement
mortar.
S u r f a c e s or forms ( r e g a r d l e s s of t h e m a t e r i a l of which t h e y a r e made) t h a t a r e t o be i n c o n t a c t w i t h
f r e s h ( w e t ) c o n c r e t e s h a l l be t r e a t e d w i t h a c o a t of a n o n - s t a i n i n g m i n e r a l o i l o r o t h e r approved
m a t e r i a l o r , o n l y i n t h e c a s e of t i m b e r forms, by t h o r o u g h w e t t i n g o f t h e s u r f d c e s w i t h w a t e r so a s t o
eiisure e a s y r e l e a s e and pirc?vent adhesioti of t h e t o r m w o r k d u r i n g s t r i p p i n g .
5.2.3 Removal of Formwork
5.2.3.1 Formwork s h a l l n o t b e removed b e f o r e t h e c o n c r e t e h a s a t t a i n e d s u f f i c i e n t s t r e n y t h t o s u p p o r t i t s own
w e i g h t and any l o a d s t h a t may be imposed on i t . T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t s h a l l b e assumed t o mean t h a t u n l e s s
o t h e r w i s e a g r e e d between t h e E n g i n e e r and t h e C o n t r a c t o r b e f o r e t h e s t a r t of c o n c r e t i n g , t h e foimwork i s
t o remain i l l p l a c e , a f t e r t h e p l a c i n g of t h e c o n c r e t e , f o r t h e a p p r o p r i a t e minimum p e r i o d of t i m e s e t o u t
i n T a b l e 1.

TABLE 1 - REMOVAL OF FORMWORK ( M I N I M U M TIMES 1 N DAYS ( 2 4 h ) )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Type of cement used

Type of s t r u c t u r a l
member o r formwork
Portland , Rapid-hardening
*I Blastfurnace

Weather
- - -
H o t or Hot or
NOtXldl Cool Cold Normal coo1 Cool :old

- -
a ) tlass c o r x r e t e , w a l l s , beam s i d e s
and columns ................... 0,75 + 1,s 0,s + 4

416
b ) S l a b s w i t h p r o p s l e f t under-
neath ......................... 4 i l 2 + 10

c ) Beam s o f f i t s w i t h p r o p s l e f t
u n d e r n e a t h , arid r i b s of a
ribbed-floor construction ..... 7 + 12 3 + 17

d) Slab props ) 10 + 17 5 + 17
) including
e ) Beam p r o p s ) canLilevers 14 + 21 7 + 21
-
* S h o r t e r p e r i o d s may he used f o r s e c t i o n s of t h i c k l i e s s 300 mm o r more.
+ I n c o o l weather ( s e e 2 . 3 ( a ) , s t r i p p i n g t i m e s s h a l l be d e t e r m i n e d by i n t e r p o l a t i o n between t h e
p e r i o d s s p e c i f i e d f o r normal and c o l d w e a t h e r .

5.2.3.2 Formwork s h a l l b e removed c a r e f u l l y so t h a t shock aiid damage t o t h e c o n c r e t e a r e a v o i d e d .

5.2.3.3 Notwithstandiny t h e p r o v i s i o n s of 5 . 2 . 3 . 1 , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r making good any damage
t o t h e c o n c r e t e a r i s i n y from t h e removal of formwork and i t s s u p p o r t s .
5.2.4 Re-use of Formwork. B e f o r e r e - u s e , all formwork s h a l l b e r e c o n d i t i o n e d , and a l l form s u r f a c e s t h a t a r e
t o be i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l be t h o r o u g h l y c l e a n e d .

5.3 EiOLES, CHASES, P I P E S , CONDUITS, AND F I X I t I G BLOCKS. N o h o l e s , c h a s e s , f i x i n g b l o c k s , pipes, or c o n d u i t s

t h a t a r e n o t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e drawings s h a l l b e made or i n s e r t e d w i t h o u t p r i o r a p p r o v a l .

5.4 CONCRETE
5.4.1 &?2.!JY
5.4.1.1 G e n e r a l . C o n c r e t e s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f u r s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e ( s e e 5 . 4 . 1 . 5 ) or f o r
p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e ( s e e 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 1 , a s a p p l i c a b l e . The t y p e s of a g y r e g a t e s and cement s h a l l n o t be
a l t e r e d d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n c y of t h e c o n t r a c t w i t h o u t p r i o r a p p r o v a l .
5iib.5 1200 GA-lOti2 ii
Concrete (small w o r k s )

5.4.1.2 Corisisteiic)'. The s l u e i p , iiieasured i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h SAtiS Method 8 6 2 , s h a l l b e w i t h i n tile limits yiveii 111
Table 2 a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e t y p e of c o i i s t r u c t i o n , o r w i t h i n s u c h o t h e r l i m i t s a s may b e r e q u i r e d by t h e
Engineer , i f t e r r e c e i p t of t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s d e s i g n f o r s t r e i i g t h c o n c r e t e , i f any, i i i t e r m s of 5 . 4 . 1 . 5 .

1 2 3 4I 5
- 1
Hand-placed Vibrated
Type of c o n s t r u c t i o n
Min.
--
Max . Min.
- --
Paving and p r e c a s t u n i t s ........... 70 50 50 30

Heavy mass c o n s t r u c t i o n ............ 70 30 50 20

R e i n f o r c e d f o u i i d a t i o u w a l l s and
footings ......................... 120 50 80 30

S l a b s , beams, columns, and r e i n f o r c e d

walls ............................ 120 50 80 30

S l a b s and i n d u s t r i a l f l o o r s on
ground ............................. 120 70 80 50

P l a i n f o o t i n g s and s u b s t r u c t u r e
walls .............................. 100 30 60 20
- --
5.4.1.3 WorkabiliQ. The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e of s u c h w o r k a b i l i t y t h a t it can b e r e a d i l y compacted i n t o t h e c o r n e r s
of t h e formwork and around r e i n f o r c e m e n t w i t h o u t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e m a t e r i a l s or e x c e s s i v e b l e e d i n g of
free water a t the surface.
5.4.1.4 P r e s c r i b e d niix c o n c r e t e . The E n g i n e e r w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e s i g n of p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e arid
___
f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p r o p o r t i o n s of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s . 'I'he C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e , on t h e S i t e ,
c o n c r e t e of t h e s p e c i f i e d m a t e r i a l s and i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n s giver1 by t h e E n g i n e e r .
The E n g i n e e r w i l l s p e c i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n r e s p e c t o f p r e s c r i b e e , mix c o n c r e t e f o r e a c h s e c t i o n of t h e
I
work:
a ) The maximum norniiial s i z e o f c o a r s e a g g r e y a t e , i n m i l l i m e t r e s , and i t s p r o p o r t i o n i n t h e mix;
b ) t h e p r o p o r t i o n of f i n e a g g r e g a t e i n t h e mix;
c ) t h e t y p e arid p r o p o r t i o n o f cement i r i t h e mix;
d ) t h e slump, i i i m i l l i m e t r e s .
5.4.1.5 S t r e i i y t h c o i i c r e t e . The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the d e s i g n of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e and t h e
s u b m i s s i o n of t e s t c u b e s t o a n approved l a b o r a t o r y , and f o r t h e measurement of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s
t o produce c o n c r e t e t h a t c o m p l i e s w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s s p e c i f i e d by t h e E n g i n e e r .
The Enginner w i l l s p e c i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n r e s p e c t of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e f o r e a c h s e c t i o n of t h e work:
a ) The g r a d e of c o n c r e t e alid p o s i t i o n on t h e Works;
b ) t h e maximum iiominal s i z e o f c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e , i n m i l l i m e t r e s .
5.4.1.6 -
Ready-mixed -_____
c o n c r e t e . I f a c c e p t a b l e , c o n c r e t e may b e d e l i v e r e d ready-mixed t o t h e S i t e , and t h e Eiiyineer
w i l l a d v i s e whether t h e t e s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d by t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r a s p a r t of h i s q u a l i t y c o n t r o l system
a r e a c c e p t a b l e when e v a l u a t e d i n terms o f 7.3.
5.4.2 Batchiiig
5.4.2.1 Cement. The mass of cemciit s u p p l i e d i n a s t a n d a r d s a c k s h a l l b e assumed t o b e 50 kg. A l l cement t a k e n
from p a r t l y used s a c k s s h a l l b e b a t c h e d by mass t o a n a c c u r a c y of w i t h i n 2 X of t h e mass r e q u i r e d .
5.4.2.2 W. Mixing w a t e r for e a c h b a t c h s h a l l b e measured. The amount of w a t e r measured s h a l l be a d j u s t e d t o
a l l o w f o r t h e m o i s t u r e c o i i t e n t of t h e a g g r e g a t e s .
5.4.2.3 Aggregates. I f b a t c h i i i y i s by volume, t h e f i n e and c o a r s e aggretgates s h a l l b e measured s e p a r a t e l y i n
s u i t a b l e measuring I J O X ~ Sof known volume and of s u c h c a p a c i t y t h a t t h e q u a n t i t i e s o f a g g r e g a t e s f u r each
b a t c h a r e s u i t a b l e f o i d i r e c t t r a n s f e r i n t o t h e m i x e r . Adjustrnonts t o t h e b a t c h volume of f i i i e a g y r e q a t e
may b e r e q u i r e d by t h e Eiiyirieer t o a l l o w f o r v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t .
5.4.3 Mixiilg. T h e f o l l o w i n q r e q u i r e m e i i t s shal.1 a p p l y to t h e mixing o f c o n c r e t e :
a ) Mixing of m a t e r i a l s f o r c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e conducted by an e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r .
b ) The sequence of c h a r g i n g s h a l l have been approved and, u n l e s s o t h e r i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e g i v e n , t h a t
sequerice s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d .
c.) The volume o f t h e mixed m a t e r i a l p e r b a t c h s h a l l n o t exceed t.he r a t e d c a p a c i t y of t h e mixer.
d ) A l l c o n c r e t e s h a l l be mixed u n t i l t h e r e i s a uniform d i s t r i b u t i o n of m a t e r i a l s a s b o r n e o u t by a
uniform c o l o u r and c o n s i s t e n c y . The minimum mixing time s h a l l b e 1,s min.
e ) ConcreLe s h a l l n o t rmiaiii i n t h e mixer f o r more t h a n 1 h.
f ) Where a i i i c r e t e i s d e l i v e r e d t o t h c S i t e ready mixed, t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of S A H S 8 7 8 s h a l l a p p l y .
5.4.4 -_____
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n . Mixed c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e d i s c h a r g e d from t h e mixer arid t r a n s p o r t e d t o i t s f i n a l p o s i t i o n
i r i such J manner t h a t s a y r e y a t i o i i , loss of i n g r e d i e n t s , and a d u L t e r a t i o n a r e p r e v e n t e d and t h a t t h e mix
is of t h e r e q u i r e d w o r k a b i l i t y a t t h e p o i n t and t i m e of p l a c i n g .
5.4.5 -
P l- acing
5.4.5.1 The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l g i v e tlie Engineer a d e q u a t e n o t i c e of h i s i r i t e r i t i o n t o p l a c e c o n c r e t e . The c o n c r e t e
s h a l l be p l a c e d w i t h i n 1 h o f t h e time o f i t s d i s c h a r g e from t h e m i x e r . C o i i c r e t e sliall n o t be
re-tempered by t h e a d d i t i o n of w a t e r or any o t h e r m a t e r i a l . The? Sorms t o b e f i l l e d s h a l l be c l e a n
i n t e r n a l l y . All e x c a v a t i o n s and o t h e r s u r f a c e s of an a b s o r b e n t i i a t u r e t h a t a r e t o come i l l t o c o n t a c t w i t h
concrete s h a l l tie clnrnpPtipd w i t h w a C p r . There s h a l l b e 110 f r e e w a t e r on t h e c o n t a c t s u r f a c e s .
5.4.5.2 Wherever p o s s i b l e , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e d e p o s i t e d v e r t i c a l l y ii1i.o i t s f i n a l p o s i t i o n t o avoid
s e g r e g a t i o n o r displaccrrient of r e i n f o r c e m e n t and o t h e r i t e m s t h a t , a r e t o b e embedded.
 9 5 t i E S 1 ~ ' l J i I Ch'~-l'3t~2
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

5.4.5.3 C o n c r e t e s h d l l n o t L e ,illowed t o f a l l f r e e l y through a h e i y h t of more t h a n 3 m , u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e

approved.
5.4.5.4 If c o n c r e t i n y h a s t o b e i i i t e r r u p t e d b e c a u s e o f an emergency ( s u c h a s a breakdown of t h e p l a n t or t h e
o c c u r i e n c e of unsuit.ililo w e a t h e r ) , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e f i n i s h e d o f f a t t h e p l a c e of s t o p p a g e i i i t h e
maiirier t h a t w i l l l e a s t iiiipair t h e d u r a b i l i t y , a p p e a r a n c e , and p r o p e r f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o n c r e t e . A
j o i i i t s h a l l b e formed d t tlie p l a c e o f s t o p p a g e a s f o l l o w s :
a ) I n tlie c a s e o f c o n c r e t e Lhat i s l e s s t h a n 24 h o l d , t h e s u r f a c e s h a l l be brushed w i t h a s t e e l w i r e
b r u s h , swept c l e a n w i t h a l i g h t b r u s h , t h o r o u g h l y w e t t e d and, immediately b e f o r e t h e new c o i i c r e t e i s
p l a c e d , covered w i t h a 10 mm t h i c k l a y e r of m o r t a r composed of cement and sand mixed i n t h e same r a t i o a s
t h e cement and sand i n t h e c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e .
b ) I n t h e c a s e o f c o n c r e t e t h a t i s 2 4 h o l d or more, t h e p r o c e d u r e s h a l l b e a s s p e c i f i e d by tlie
Engineer.
5.4.6 Compaction
5.4.6.1 The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e f u l l y compacted by approved means d u r i n g and immediately a f t e r p l a c i n g . I t shall
be t h o r o u g h l y worked a g a i n s t t h e formwork and around r e i n f o r c e m e n t and o t h e r erbedded items w i t h o u t
d i s p l a c i n g them.
5.4.6.2 The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e f r e e from honeycombing and p l a n e s o f weakness. S u c c e s s i v e l a y e r s o f t h e same l i f t
s h a l l be Lhorouyhly worked t o g e t h e r . To a c h i e v e t h i s , t h e compaction tool s h a l l p e n e t r a t e through t h e
n e w l a y e r t o t h e lower l a y e r which s h a l l s t i l l b e s u f f i c i e n t l y p l a s t i c t o p e r m i t i n t e r k n i t t i n g .
5.4.6.3 Compaction s h a l l be c a r r i e d o u t by mechanical v i b r a t i o n or ( i f approved) by s p a d i n g , r o d d i n g , or f o r k i n g .
O v e r - v i b r a t i o n r e s u l t i n g i n s e g r e g a t i o n , s u r f a c e l a i t a n c e , or l e a k a g e , or any combination of t h e s e , s h a l l
not b e p e r m i t t e d .
5.4.7 Curing and ProtecJLo?.. A f t e r formwork h a s been removed ( s e e 5.2.3.1) and a s soon a s i t i s p r a c t i c a b l e i n
t h e opinioii of t h e E n y i n e e r , a l l c o i i c r e t e s h a l l be p r o t e c t e d from c o n t a m i n a t i o n atid l o s s of m o i s t u r e by
one o r more of t h e followiiig methods:
a ) Ponding t h e exposed s u r f a c e s by means of w a t e r , e x c e p t under c o l d w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s ( c o n c r e t e
s u r f a c e s s h a l l n o t b e wet i n t e r m i t t e n t l y by s p r a y i n g o r o t h e r w i s e ) :
b ) c o v e r i n g t h e c o n c r e t e w i t h sand or mats made o f a m o i s t u r e - r e t a i n i n g m a t e r i a l , and k e e p i n g t h e
c o v e r i n g c o n t i n u o u s l y wet;
c ) t h e u s e of an approved c u r i n g compound a p p l i e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s i n s t r u c t i o n s .
The c u r i n g p e r i o d s h a l l be a t l e a s t 5 d f o r c o n c r e t e made w i t h p o r t l a n d cement, a t l e a s t 2 d f o r c o n c r e t e
made w i t h r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d cement, and a t l e a s t 7 d i f p o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cenient i s used.
When a t m o s p h e r i c t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e below 5 OC, t h e s e minimum c u r i n g p e r i o d s s h a l l b e exterided by 7 2 h ,
36 h , and 7 2 h , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
5.4.8 Concrete Surfaces
5.4.8.1 Exposed s u r f a c e s of c o n c r e t e n o t f i n i s h e d a g a i n s t forms ( s u c h a s h o r i z o n t a l or s l i g h t l y s l o p i n g s u r f a c e s )
s h a l l be b r o u g h t up t o a p l a n e , uniform s u r f a c e w i t h s u i t a b l e s c r e e d b o a r d s .
5.4.8.2 Where a wood or s t e e l f l o a t f i n i s h or a s c r e e d t o p p i n g or a g r a n o l i t h i c f i n i s h i s r e q u i r e d i n terms of
t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l , u n l e h s o t h e r w i s e s t a t e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , be
f i n i s h e d t o t h e a p p l i c a b l e t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n C l a u s e 6.
5.4.8.3 F i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e s h a l l have a n e a t , smooth, e v e n , and uniform f i n i s h f r e e from any honeycombing. If the
f i n i s h of any formed o r f l o a t e d c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e i s u n s a t i s f a c t o r y and d o e s n o t conform t o t h a t
s p e c i f i e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r w i l l b e r e q u i r e d , a t h i s own e x p e n s e , t o rub down such s u r f a c e w h i l e i t i s
s t i l l g r e e n , o r , a l t e r n a t i v e l y , to g r i n d it down w i t h carborundum or o t h e r s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l when i t has
h a r d e n e d , or t o t a k e o t h e r approved r e m e d i a l measures t o g i v e t h e s p e c i f i e d f i n i s h .
5.4.9 W a t c r t i y h t C o n c r e t e . Each s e c t i o n of t h e Works t h a t i s r e q u i r e d , i n t e r m s of t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n ,
t o h o l d or e x c l u d e w a t e r s h a l l be w a t e r t i g h t , and s p e c i a l c a r e s h a l l b e t a k e n by t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o e n s u r e
w a t e r t i g h t n e s s , p a r t i c u l a r l y a t c o r i s t r u c t i o n j o i n t s . S h o u l d any such s e c t i o n of t h e Works show any sigii
of w a t e r l e a k a g e o r p e n e t r a t i o n a f t e r b e i n y t a k e n i n t o u s e , i t s h a l l b e deemed d e f e c t i v e and t h e
p r o v i s i o n s of 5.4.10.2 s h a l l a p p l y .
5.4.10 Defects
5.4.10.1 The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e homogeneous and f r e e from honeycombing, i n t e r s t i c e s , and p l a n e s of weakness.
I € , a f t e r t h e removal of t h e forms, t h e c o n c r e t e shows any d e f e c t , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l immediately
r e p o r t such d e f e c t t o t h e E n g i n e e r , and he s h a l l n o t c a r r y o u t aiiy p a t c h i n g or r e m e d i a l work u n t i l
a u t h o r i z e d t o do so by t h e E n g i n e e r .
5.4.10.2 A f t e r thorough i n s p e c t i o n and i n v e s t i y a t i o n of t h e q u a l i t y and s t r e n g t h of t h e d e f e c t i v e work and a f t e r
due c o n s i d e r a t i o n of t h e p o s s i b l e consequences of such d e f e c t , t h e E n g i n e e r w i l l e i t h e r s p e c i f y t h e
e x t e n t arid method of r e p a i r , o r o r d e r t h e d e m o l i t i o n and r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e whole o f t h e d e f e c t i v e
work t o t h e e x t e n t which he c o n s i d e r s n e c e s s a r y .
The c o s t of a l l s u r h i i i v e s t i y a t i o n , r e p a i r , and r e m e d i a l work and of any d e m o l i t i o n and r e c o i i s t r u c t i o n o f
d e f e c t i v e work s h a l l be borne by t h e C o n t r a c t o r and a l l r e p a i r , r e m e d i a l , and r e c o n s t r u c t i o n work s h a l l
b e e x e c u t e d t o t h e s a t i s f a c t i o n of t h e E n g i n e e r .

6. TC)I,I:RANCES
6.1 BASIS OF NEASUREMENT
6.1.1 G e n e r a l . P e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s w i l l opply i n t h e c a s e of l i n e a r d i m e n s i o n s , p o s i t i o i i , and l e v e l . The
C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l c o i ~ s t r u c teach of t h e v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e Works w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s of t h e a p p l i c a b l e
p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s s e t o u t i n 6.4 f o r Degree of Accuracy 111, u n l e s s some o t h e r d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y i s
r e q u i r e d i n terms o f t h e p r o l e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r is shown on t h e d r a w i n g s .
6.1.2 Methods of Measurement oE U e v i a t i o n s . C e r t a i n d e v i a t i o n s w i l l b e measured a s s e t o u t below:
a ) A n y d e v i a t i o n f r o m f l a t n e s s of a p l a n e s u r f a c e w l l l b e measured a s t h e maximum d e v i a t i o n o f t h e
s u r f a c e f r n m any s t r a i g h t l i n e of l e n g t h 3 m j o i n i n g two p o i n t s o n t h e s u r f a c e , d e t e r m i n e d by means of a
s t r a i g h t - e d g e t h e e n d s of which a r e s u p p o r t e d on i d e n t i c a l b l o c k s of s u i t a b l e t h i c k n e s s p l a c e d one over
e a c h of t h e p o i n t s .
b ) Any a b r u p t change i n a coiitinuous S u r f a c e , i n c l u d i n g a l o c a l d e p r e s s i o r i or peak i n a f l o o r o r w a l l ,
and any a b r u p t change caused by a j o i n t . i i i formwork, w i l l b e measured a s s p e c i f i e d i n ( a ) above.
c ) O u t - o f - s q u a r e n e s s o f a c o r n e r or an opening or an e l e m e n t such a s a column w i l l b e measured by t a k i n g
t h e l o n g e r of two a d j a c e n t s i d e s a s t h e b a s e l i n e , and d e t e r m i n i n g any d e p a r t u r e from t h e p e r p e n d i c u l a r
o f t h e s i d e a t e i t h e r end of t h i s b a s e l i n e .
SABS lL0U (;A-1982 1U
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

6.2 I'ORMWORK. Formwork stiall. be so c o n s t r u c t e d a s t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e p o s i t i o n , dinienslc.iis, dud l e v e l s r ~ f

each s e c t i o n o f t h e f i t i i s h e d work w i l l b e w i t h i i i t h e appropriate: p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s g i v e n i n 6.4.
Any d e p a r t u r e from f l d t i i e s s of a p l a n e s u r f a c e and any i r r e g u l a r i t i e s i n a p l a n e s u r f a c e s h a l l tw w i t l i i i i
t h e l i m i t s s t a t e d i n h.J(b) ( 6 ) alld ( 7 ) .

6.3 COVER TO REINFORCEMCNT. No d e v i a t i o n from t h e minimum c o v e r o f c o n c r e t e o v e r r e i n f o r c e m e n t a s s p e c i f i e d

i n 5 . 1 . 3 w i l l be p e r m i t t e d .

6.4 PERI4ISSIBLE DEVIATIONS. The p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o i i s f o r f o u n d a t i o n s and e l e m e n t s or components above

foundations s h a l l be as follows:

Permissible deviation
Degree o f a c c u r a c y
111 I1 1 -
m m -
mm

F o u n d a t i o n s : mass arid r e i n f o r c e d con-

P o s i t i o n on p l a n of any edge or s u r f a c e measured from t h e
n e a r e s t g r i d l i n e or a y r e e d c e n t r e l i n e ........................ -t 50 -t 35 1

.........
L i n e a r dimension on p l a n c a s t a g a i n s t e x c a v a t i o n s i d e s t 60
- -t 40
.................
L i n e a r d i m e i ~ s i o n011 p l a n c a s t a g a i i i s t formwork __t 30 t 20
1,evel of u n d e r s i d e of c o n c r e t e ................................. - 4 0 +20 -30 t 1 5
.
S u r f a c e l e v e l ( i . e . t o p of f o u n d a t i o n ) ( e x c l u d i n g f l o o r s l a b s ) -30 t 1 5 -20 +10 *
Elements o r components above f o u n d a t i o n s
P o s i t i o n on p l a n of any edge o r s u r f a c e from t h e n e a r e s t ¶:rid
l i n e or a g r e e d c e n t r e l i n e ..................................... -t 25 t 15
- t

Linear ( o t h e r than c r o s s - s e c t i o n ) dimensions ................... t 30

- -t
20
Cross-section dimensions ....................................... -10 t 2 0 -5 t 1 5 *
Level ( d e v i a t i o n from d e s i g n e d l e v e l w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e n e a r e s t
t r a n s f e r r e d datum (TD) o f t h e u p p e r or lower s u r f a c e , a s may b e
s p e c i f i e d , o f atiy s l a b or o t h e r e l e m e n t or component) .......... -20 +10 -15 +5 *
O u t - o f - s q u a r e n e s s of a c o r n e r or a n opening o r an e l e m e n t !such a s
a column ( s e e 6 . 1 . 2 ( c ) ) f o r s h o r t s i d e of l e n g t h
i ) up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0 , s m ................................... -+ 10 -+ 5 23
i i ) o v e r 0 , s m up t o and i n c l u d i n g 2 m ......................... t. 20 -t 1 5 5 10
iii) o v e r 2 m , up t o and i n c l u d i n g 4 m ......................... -
-t 25 -t 2 0 + 15
Exposed c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e ( i n c l u d i n g f l o o r s l a b s )
i ) Flatness of plane surface ................................... 10 5 3
...:.................
i i ) Abrupt c h a n g e s i n a c o n t i n u o u s s u r f a c e 10 5 2
Exposed c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e t o b e p l a s t e r e d or r e c e i v e
screed ( o r grano)
i ) F l a t n e s s of p l a n e s u r f a c e ................................... 15 10
.....................
i i ) Abrupt c h a n g e s i n a c o n t i n u o u s s u r f a c e 10 5

* A s stated i n the project specification, i f required.

7. TESTS
7.1 FACILITIES AND FRI.;QUENCY OF SAMPLING
7.1.1 F a c i l i t i e s . The E n g i n e e r s h a l l have f r e e a c c e s s t o t h e w o r k fo.r t a k i n g samples and c a r r y i n g o u t t e s t s .
The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l r e n d e r a n y a s s i s t a n c e n e c e s s a r y . I f so r e q u i r e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e
s t o r a g e and p r o t e c t i o n f o r s u c h samples o n t h e S i t e .
In a d d i t i o n , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e slump c o n e s and t h e moulds r e q u i r e d f o r c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e ~ i q t h
t e s t i n g i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h S A B S Method 8 6 3 i n s u f f i c i e n t q u a n t i t i e s t o e n a b l e t h e f r e q u e n c y of sampling
and t e s t i n q- r e q.u i r e d i n t e r m s of 7.1.2 and 7 . 2 t o b e a c h i e v e d .
7.1.2 Frequency of Sampling
7.1.2.1 S u b i e c t t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 7 . 1 . 2 . 3 , w h i l e c o n c r e t e of a p a r t i c u l a r q r a d e and i n s u f f i c i e n t a u a n t i t v
is being p l a c e d u n d e r t h e same c o n d i t i o n s , s e t s of samples ( e a c h sample ( s e e 2.3) b e i n g s u f f i c i e n t f o r
3 c u b e s , bc=ms, c y l i n d e r s , or p r i s m s , a s r e l e v a n t ) s h a l l be t a k e n u n t i l 30 v a l i d t e s t r e s u l t s have been
o b t a i n e d . The> s e t s of samples s h a l l b e t a k e n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h SABS Nethod 8 6 1 , for example, a s c l o s e
a s i s p r a c t i c a b l e t o t h e s t a r t o f p l a c i n g and a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s a f t e r t h a t , o r from one p a r t i c u l a r
b a t c h and t h e n from s u b s e q u e n t b a t c h e s chosen a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s .
7.1.2.2 Frequency of sampling s h a l l , w i t h due r e g a r d t o t h e importance o f t h e work and t h e e v e n t u a l a s s e s s m e n t of
t e s t r e s u l t s , b e programmed oil t h e b a s i s of c o i ~ s i d e r a t i o n s s u c h a s whether a t e s t p e r t a i n s t o a
p a r t i c u l a r s e c t i o n of work o n l y o r t o t h e o v e r a l l q u a l i t y o f c o r i c r e t e i n t h e s t r u c t u r e .
7.1.2.3 Only one s e t of samples s h a l l be drawn from any one b a t c h o f c o ! : i c r e t e , and e x c e p t where o t h e r w i s e
o r d e r e d , no sample s h d l l b e t a k e n o f any g r a d e u n t i l a t l e a s t 3 b a t c h e s of such g r a d e have been mixed and
discharged.

7.2 TESTI~IG
7.2.1 G e n e r a l . A l l t e s t i n y s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e methods r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e s p e c i f i c a -
t i o n o r i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u c h o t h e r methods as a r e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s i ' e c i f i c a t i o n .
7.2.2 L a b o r a t o r y T e s t i n g . L a b o r a t o r y t e s t i n g s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t b y a r e c o g n i z e d t e s t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n o r an
approved l a b o r a t o r y or a f i r m approved by t h e E n y i n e e r .
7.2.3 -
E a r l .y. -
- S t r e n g t h T e s t i n g . Whereas t h e c r i t e r i a f o r c o n c r e t e s t r e n g t h i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t l o n a r e b a s e d on
samples t e s t e d a t t h e age of 2 8 d o n l y , any p l a n for e a r l y - s t r e n y t h t e s t i n g s h a l l b e a s a g r e e d between
t h e C o n t r a c t o r and t h e E n g i n e e r . E a r l y - s t r e n g t h t e s t r e s u l t s may b e used for e a r l y r e m e d i a l m e a s u r e s
such a s t h e changing o f t h e mix d e s i g n , i f n e c e s s a r y , b u t s h a l l n o t b e used f o r a s s e s s m e n t of s t r e n g t h i n
terms of 7 . 3 .
 11 Si\HS 1 2 O U GA-l'!tl2
Coiicrete ( s m a l l works)

7.3 ACCEPTANCE C H L T E R I A FOR STRENGTII CONCRbTE

I i any v a l i d t e s t r e s u l t for a s p e c i f i c g r a d e of c o n c r e t e i s more t h a n 3 MPa below t h e s p e c i f i e d
s t r e n g t h , t h e c o n c r e t e y i e l d i n g such r e s u l t w i l l be deemed n o t t o comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e
specification. I f an e x a m i n a t i o n s a t i s f i e s t h e E n g i n e e r t h a t t h e s t r u c t u r a l adequacy and d u r a b i l i t y of
t h e p a r t of t h e s t r u c t u r e i n which t h e c o n c r e t e h a s been used i s n o t i m p a i r e d , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l be
a c c e p t e d and t h e mix d e s i g n and o t h e r f a c t o r s i n f l u e n c i n g t h e q u a l i t y s h a l l be reviewed i n o r d e r t o
e n s u r e t h a t f u r t h e r c o n c r e t e c a s t w i l l b e of a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y .

R. MEASUREI4EEIT AND PAYMENT'

8.1 MEASUREMENT AND RATES
8.1.1 Formwork
-__
8.1.1.1 Formwork, o t h e r t h a n formwork c o v e r e d by 8 . 1 . 1 . 2 and 8 . 1 . 4 , w i l l b e measured a s t h e n e t a r e a of t h e f a c e
of t h e c o n c r e t e t o b e s u p p o r t e d duriiiy t h e d e p o s i t i o n o f c o n c r e t e . No d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made f o r f i l l e t s
and s p l a y s of s i z e up t o 50 mm x 50 mm or f o r o p e n i n g s o f d i a m e t e r up t o 0 , 7 m or of a r e a up t o 0 . 5 m 2 .
8.1.1.2 Formwork i n c o n t i n u o u s l e n g t h s of narrow w i d t h s and of f i l l e t s or s p l a y s o v e r 20 mm x 20 mm w i l l L e
measured by l e n g t h , t h e w i d t h or r a n g e of w i d t h s b e i n g s t a t e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
Boxing-out, t h e forminy of h o l e s , and o t h e r such o p e r a t i o n s w i l l b e measured by number, b a s i c d i m e n s i o n s ,
p e r i m e t e r s , o r drawing r e f e r e n c e s , a s s t a t e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
8.1.1.3 S e p a r a t e items w i l l be scheduled
a ) f o r e a c h c l a s s of f i n i s h r e q u i r e d on t h e formed c o n c r e t e ;
b) f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t a n g l e s of i n c l i n a t i o n of formwork g i v e n below:

Angle of i n c l i n a t i o n Lrom t h e
vertical

tlorizontal Exceeding 85 and n o t e x c e e d i n g 90

S l n p i 1iy Exceeding 10 and n o t e x c e e d i n g 85

Battered Not e x c e e d i n g 10

Vertical o o

c ) f o r each i n c l i n a t i o n of each t y p e of s t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t , s u c h a s w a l l s and beams, and f o r d i f f e r e n t

p r o p h e i g h t s for beams and s l a b s , and f o r formwork to c u r v e d ( s i n g l e and double c u r v a t u r e ) , curved i n
p l a n o n l y , a r c h e d , d o m i c a l , s p e c i a l l y moulded, and o t h e r t y p e s of work;
d ) f o r d e p t h s of o p e n i n g s r e q u i r e d i n t h e formed c o n c r e t e , a s f o l l o w s :
1) N o t e x c e e d i n g 0 , 5 m;
2 ) exceeding 0 , s m b u t n o t e x c e e d i n g 1,0 m;
3 ) e x c e e d i n g 1,0 m b u t not e x c e e d i n g 1 , 5 m;
4 ) e x c e e d i n g 1 . 5 m b u t n o t exceeding 2 , O m;
5 ) e x c e e d i n g 2,0 in;
measured p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e s u r f a c e ; and
e ) f o r l a r g e and s m a l l v o i d s , c l a s s i f i e d a s f o l l o w s :

Maximum c r o s s - s e c t i o n

Description
diameter, m

Large Exceeding 0,35, Exceeding 0,1,

Small

8.1.1.4 The u n i t r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of a l l p a r t s of formwork i n c o n t a c t wi.th t h e c o n c r e t e , and t h e

n e c e s s a r y b e a r e r s , s t r u t s , and o t h e r s u p p o r t s , p l u s t h e l a b o u r and p l a n t n e c e s s a r y t o e r e c t and s t r i k e
such formwork.
8.1.2 Reinforcement
___-
6.1.2.1 S t e e l f o r normal r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e w i l l be measured n e t by inass of a l l b a r s , i n c l u d i n g s u p p o r t i n q s t e e l
d e t a i l e d on t h e r e i r i f o r c i n g s c h e d u l e s . The niass w i l l b e computed from t h e riominal b a r s i z e and nominal
mass p e r u n i t letiqtli. N o a l l o w a n c e w i l l be made f o r c u t t i n g , w a s t e , s p a c e r d e v i c e s ( m a t e r i a l s o t h e r ttiaii
s t e e l b a r s ) , o r biildiny w i r e .
S t e e l r e i n f o r c e m e n t f o r I ' r e c a s t c o n c r e t e u n i t s w i l l n o t b e measured u n l e s s so s c h e d u l e d ( s e e 8 . 6 ) .
Welded mesh w i l l b e medsured by a r e a a s shown 011 t h e d r a w i n g s , IIC) a l l o w a n c e b e i n g made f o r c u t t i n g ,
w a s t e , l a p s , o r d e d u c t i o n s f o r end c o v e r . The a r e a s measured w i l l b e t h o s e o f t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r o r s l a b
b e i n g r e i n f o r c e d by means O C mesh. I n t h e c a s e of c o n t i n u o u s u t i i t s p a r t l y r e i n f o r c e d by mesh, t h e a r e a
w i l l b e computed from t h e o u t s i d e d i m e n s i o n s of t h e areci c o v e r e d by mesh r e g a r d l e s s of whether o r n o t
a d d i t i o n a l r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l i s p r e s e n t i n t h e same a r e a .
S t e e l o f f c u t s r e s u l t i r i y from t h e c u t t i n g and bending o f r e i n f o r c e m e n t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e bending
s c h e d u l e s s h a l l be deemed t o be t h e p r o p e r t y of t h e C o n t r a c t o r .
SABS 1200 GA-19112 12
C o n c r e t e ( s m e l l works)

8.1.2.2 The t o t a l mass of a l l round and s q u a r e s t e e l b a r s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d a s b a r s of nominal s i z e 1 5 mm

( d i a m e t e r or s i d e , a s r e l e v a n t ) f o r t h e purpose of o b t a i n i n g a b a s i c c o n t r a c t p r i c e , and t h e b a r s of a l l
s i z e s a c t u a l l y used w i l l b e s u b j e c t to t h e t e r m s of t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f c o n t r a c t c o v e r i n g v a l u a t i o n of
variations.
The q u a n t i t i e s ( o r p e r c e n t a y e s ) o f a l l o t h e r s i z e s o f s t e e l b a r s t h a t may b e r e q u i r e d w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d
a s p r o v i s i o n a l q u a n t i t i e s , t h e c o n t r a c t p r i c e s f o r which w i l l b e f i x e d r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e m a g n i t u d e of
v a r i a t i o n s ( i f a n y ) of q u a n t i t i e s .
Welded mesh w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r e a c h t y p e and mass p e r s q u a r e m e t r e of mesh.
8.1.2.3 a ) The u n i t r a t e s f o r s t e e l b a r s of nominal s i z e 2 5 mm s h a l l c o v e r t h e cost of t h e s u p p l y , c u t t i n g ,
b e n d i n g , p l a c i n g i n p o s i t i o n , and f i x i n y of t h e r e i n f o r c i n g and s u p p o r t i n g s t e e l s c h e d u l e d , and t h e
p r o v i s i o n o f a l l s p a c e r d e v i c e s and b i n d i n y wire, a s w e l l a s t h e c o s t o f t e s t s i n t e r m s o f SABS 920.
b ) The e x t r a - o v e r r a t e s f o r b a r s o f a l l nominal s i z e s o t h e r t h a n 25 mm s h a l l c o v e r any d i f f e r e n c e s i n
c o s t a r i s i n g from any or a l l of t h e o p e r a t i o n s s e t o u t i n ( a ) above i n r e s p e c t of b a r s o f such o t h e r
sizes.
c ) The u n i t r a t e f o r welded mesh s h a l l c o v e r t h e s u p p l y , c u t t i n g , and p l a c i n g o f mesh, and t h e cost of
a l l w a s t e due t o l a p s .
8.1.3 Concrete
8.1.3.1 a ) C o n c r e t e w i l l b e measured n e t to t h e d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s or t o t h e d i m e n s i o n s c a s t ,
whichever a r e t h e s m a l l e r . S t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t s t h a t a r e u n d e r s i z e d w i l l b e measured f o r payment o n l y i f
they a r e a c c e p t e d by t h e E n g i n e e r .
b ) No allowance w i l l b e made f o r c o n c r e t e r e q u i r e d t o make up o v e r b r e a k i n s o f t e x c a v a t i o n , b u t payment
w i l l b e made f o r a d d i t . i o n a 1 c o n c r e t e or formwork, or b o t h , o r d e r e d i n w r i t i n g by t h e E n g i n e e r t o r e p l a c e
u n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l o r o v e r b r e a k i n h a r d rock or i n i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n ( s e e ( d ) b e l o w ) .
c ) S u b f o u n d a t i o n c a r p e t s and b l i n d i n g l a y e r s w i l l b e measured t o t h e p l a n s i z e of t h e c o i i c r e t e s t r u c t u r e
r e s t i n g on t h e c a r p e t . Where t h e c o n c r e t e i s s c h e d u l e d by voluine, it w i l l b e measured on t h e mean
t h i c k n e s s a s c a s t p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e E n y i n e e r i s s a t i s f i e d t h a t ':he e x c a v a t i o n h a s n o t a t any p o i n t been
taken deeper o r wider than necessary ( s e e (b) above).
d ) Where, i n t e r m s of ( b ) a b o v e , c o n c r e t e i s o r d e r e d t o b e p l a c e d d i r e c t l y a g a i n s t t h e s i d e s o r bottoms
of e x c a v a t i o n s i n h a r d rock or i n i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n , an i.tem may b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e of
q u a n t i t i e s f o r any a d d i t i o n a l c o n c r e t e p l a c e d i n o v e r b r e a k . Such a d d i t i o n a l c o n c r e t e w i l l b e measured on
t h e b a s i s o f t h e s u p e r f i c i a l a r e a of t h e s i d e s or bottom, o r b o t h , as a p p l i c a b l e , of t h e t h e o r e t i c a l n e t
e x c a v a t i o n i n rock t h a t i s o v e r b r o k e n and i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e .
8.1.3.2 S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d , a s a p p l i c a b l e , f o r e a c h g r a d e of c o n c r e t e , and f o r e a c h u n i t of t h e
Works o r each e l e m e n t of t h e s t r u c t u r e , and for e a c h t y p e o f cement. Except as p r o v i d e d f o r i n 8 . 1 . 4 ,
s e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l a l s o b e s c h e d u l e d f o r d i f f e r e n t c o n d i t i o n s (of p l a c i n g c o n c r e t e , f o r s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s
(each l e s s t h a n 0 , 5 m3 of formed c o n c r e t e ) , and f o r d i f f e r e n t s u r f a c e f i n i s h e s ( o t h e r t h a n s t r i k i n g - o f f
and l e v e l l i n g ) s u c h a s w o o d - f l o a t e d o r s t e e l - f l o a t e d f i n i s h e s , .and g r a n o l i t h i c or m o r t a r s c r e e d s .
8.1.3.3 a ) The u u i t r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of t h e d e s i g n o f t h e mix i n t h e c a s e of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e , t h e
p r o v i s i o n o f c o n c r e t e (made w i t h o r d i n a r y p o r t l a n d kement u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s c h e d u l e d ) , m i x i n g , t e s t i n g ,
p l a c i n g , compacting, t h e forming o f s t o p - e n d s and u n f o r e s e e n c o n s t r u c t i o n j o i n t s , s t r i k i n g - o f f or
l e v e l l i n g a s a p p l i c a b l e , and c u r i n g and r e p a i r i n g where n e c e s s a r y .
b ) F l o o r s l a b s , w h e t h e r p l a c e d on s u b f o u n d a t i o n c a r p e t s or d i r e c t l y on t h e p r e p a r e d yround s u r f a c e , w i l l
be measured t o t h e n e t t h i c k n e s s dimensioned o n t h e drawings.
c ) C o n c r e t e i n a column s u p p o r t i n g a r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e beam o r s l a b s t r u c t u r e w i l l be measured between
t h e t o p s u r f a c e of t h e f o u n d a t i o n , beam, or s l a b on which t h e f o o t of t h e column i s s t a n d i n g and t h e
u n d e r s i d e of t h e beam o r s l a b s u p p o r t e d by t h e column.
d ) N o d e d u c t i o n or a d d i t i o n w i l l b e made f o r n o s i n g s , b o l t - h o l e s , c h a m f e r s or s p l a y s o f s i z e up t o
50 mm x 50 mm, g r o o v e s o r c h a s e s n o t e x c e e d i n g 0,015 m3 e a c h i i i volume, or holding-down b o l t s , r a i l s ,
s t e e l s e c t i o n s , and r e i n f o r c e m e n t c a s t i n t h e c o n c r e t e .
8.1.4 C o n c r e t e Complete w i t h Formwork
8.1.4.1 s e p a r a t e i t e m s may b e s c h e d u l e d f o r c o n c r e t e c o m p l e t e w i t h formwork Cor e a c h p r e s c r i b e d mix o r f o r
s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s of s i m i l a r s i z e and s h a p e , or f o r b o t h .
8.1.4.2 The u n i t r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f t h e p r o v i s i o r i of c o n c r e t e (made w i t h o r d i n a r y p o r t l a n d cement
u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s c h e d u l e d ) , mixing, t e s t i n g , p l a c i n g , compacting, t h e forming of s t o p - e n d s and
u n f o r e s e e n c o n s t r u c t i o n j o i n t s , s t r i k i n g - o f f or l e v e l l i n g as a p p l i c a b l e , and c u r i n g and r e p a i r i n g where
n e c e s s a r y , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e c o s t of a l l p a r t s o f formwork i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e a i d t h e n e c e s s a r y
b e a r e r s , s t r u t s , and o t h e r s u p p o r t s , p l u s t h e l a y o u t and p l a n t n e c e s s a r y t o e r e c t and s t r i k e such
forinwork.

8.2 SCtlEDULED FOHMWORK ITEElS

8.2.1 Rous
-- ............................................................................... Unit: m
2
The s u r f a c e s LU be so formed w i l l be i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
8.2.2 _-..............................................................................
Smooth Unit: m
2
The s u r f a c e s to b e so formed w i l l b e i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
8.2.3 ~ - .....
-
Narrow Widths ( u p t o .................................................
nun wide) Unit: m
The c o n s t a n t w i d t h , i t i n e x c e s s of 300 mm, or t h e r a n g e of w i d t h s i f up t o 300 m m , o r w i d t h and d e p t h i n
t h e c a s e of q r o o v e s , w i l l b e s t a t e d .
8.2.4 --
Box__ Out tloles/Form Voids
l t e m s w i l l be s c h e d u l e d a s s e t o u t below:
a ) Small, c i r c u l _ a r , o f d i a m e t e r up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0,35 m
-
over and up t o and i n c l u d i n g
1) - 0 , s m deep ................................................... Unit: No.
2) 0,5 m 1,0 m d e e p ................................................... Unit: No.
3) e t c . , i n i n c r e m e n t s of 0 , s m ..................................................... Unit: No.
....................
b ) S m e l l , o t h e r tiiaii c i r c u l a r , of a r e a up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0 , l n
)- Unit: No.
Depths a s i n ( a ) above.
c ) L a r y e , c i r c u l a r , of
-___ d i a m e t e r o v e r 0.35 m and up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0,7 m ............
Unit: No.
Depths a s i n ( a ) above.
d ) Large, o t h e r th2n c i r c u l a r , of a r e a o v e r 0,l mL and up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0 , 5 mL Unit: .... No.
Depths a s i n ( a ) above.
 13 S A W I L U < l tiA-1982
Concrete Ismall works)

8.3 SCHEUUIXU REINFORCEMENT ITEMS ......................................................... Unit: t o r kg

8.3.1 SLeol Bars
The t y p e oL' s t e e l ( m i l d , h i y h - t e n s i l e , or o t h e r ) w i l l be s t a t e d .
8.3.2 tiigh-Terisile
- .
Welded Mesh .............................................................. Unit: m
2
The type r e f e r e n c e w ~ l bl e s t a t e d .

8.4 SCliEOULED CONCRETE ITEMS

8.4.1 P r e s c r i b e d Mix C o n c r e t e ............................................................... Unit: m
3
The p r o p o r t i o n s and t h e p o s i t i o n s or e l e m e n t s i n t h e Works w i l l b e s t a t e d .
Where t h e mix i s p r e s c r i b e d by means o f a number (see 2.4.11, t h e r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e cost of c o n c r e t e
mixed i r i t h e nominal p r o p o r t i o n s s e t o u t i n , or i n t e r p o l a t e d or e x t r a p o l a t e d from, t h e f o l l o w i n g :

I P r e s c r i b e d mix
I Cement I Sand* I stone I
riumber (Grade)
3
m kg kg m3 kg

20 1 50 2 100 4 200
15 1 50 2,5 125 5 250
10 1 50 3 150 6 300

2
8.4.2 Unit: m
Unit: m3
8.4.3
p o r t l a n d cement

8.4.4
t y p e of j i n i s h :
Unit: m
2
Unit: m

8.5 Unit: m
S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r c o n t r a c t i o n and e x p a n s i o n j o i n t s o f d i f f e r e n t t y p e s and s i z e s and
i n v o l v i n g d i f f e r e n t t y p e s , s i z e s , and q u a l i t i e s of b a t e r b a r s , s o f t b o a r d , s e a l e r s , e t c .
The u n i t r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of a l l m a t e r i a l s and l a b o u r for t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of e a c h j o i n t a s
s p e c i f i e d o r shown on t h e d r a w i n g s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f formwork, t e s t i n g , and making good.

8.6 MANUFACTURE (OR SUPPLY) AND ERECT PRECAST ELEMENTS .................................... Unit: N o . or m
3
S e p a r a t e items w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r d i f f e r e n t q u a l i t i e s of c o n c r e t e ; d i f f e r e n t t y p e s and s i z e s of
u n i t s ; s m a l l u n i t s n o t e x c e e d i n g O , 5 m3 o f formed c o n c r e t e ; d i f f e r e n t p o s i t i o n s of u n i t s f o r e r e c t i o n
purposes.
The r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f t h e s u p p l y of a l l m a t e r i a l s , p l a n t , , a n d l a b o u r f o r t h e c o n c r e t e and
r e i n f o r c e m e n t i n t h e e l e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f moulds for forming them, s p e c i a l f i n i s h e s , c u r i n g ,
t r a n s p o r t , h a n d l i n g t o S i t e , e r e c t i i i g o r b u i l d i n g i n or f i x i n g , and g r o u t i n g .

8.7 GROUTING
a ) Under b a s e s ........................................................................ Unit: m
3
Grouting under s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l column b a s e s or members, or under pumps, m o t o r s , o r o t h e r machinery, w i l l
be measured by t h e volume of y r o u t n e c e s s a r y t o f i l l t h e v o i d s and p o c k e t s between t h e t o p of t h e
c o n c r e t e f o u n d a t i o n and t h e u n d e r s i d e of t h e m e t a l w o r k .
No d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made f o r b o l t s , p a c k e r s , and b a s e p l a t e s h e a r k e y s p r o t r u d i n g i n t o t h e g r o u t space.
HD b o l t s , e t c . ( s e e 8 . 8 )
b ) ______ ........................................................... U n i t : t o r No.
S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r H U b o l t s or p o c k e t s , a 5 a p p l i c a b l e , of d i f f e r e n t d i a m e t e r s , l e n g t h s ,
and t y p e s , and f o r b e a r i n g s and m i s c e l l a n e o u s m e t a l w o r k of d i f f e r e n t t y p e s . The q u a n t i t y w i l l be
measured by t h e volume of y r o u t n e c e s s a r y t o f i l l t h e v o i d s i n t h e c o n c r e t e . N o d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made
f o r b o l t s and p a c k e r s p r o t r u d i n g i n t o t h e g r o u t s p a c e .
The r a t e s f o r ( a ) aiid ( b ) above s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of s c a b b l i n g , c l e a n i n g , and p r e p a r i n g t h e c o n c r e t e
s u r f a c e s , p r o v i d i n g an approved g r o u t , p l a c i n g and ramming i t s o l i d l y i n t o a l l v o i d s and p o c k e t s , and
m i t r i n y t h e o u t s i d e e d g e s t o a t r u e wood-floated s u r f a c e .
Formwork, i f any, w i l l be measured s e p a r a t e l y i n t e r m s of 8 . 2 .

8.8 HD BOLTS AND MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORK ................................................. Unit: t

Whether t o b e s u p p l i e d by t h e C o n t r a c t o r o r by o t h e r s w i l l b e s t a t e d . S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l be scheduled
a s specified in 8.7(b).
The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f s u p p l y i n g and d e l i v e r i n g o r t a k i n g d e l i v e r y ( a s a p p l i c a b l e ) , Cixing o r
c a s t i n g i n t o c o n c r e t e , arid a l l c l e a n i i i q , p r e p a r a t i o n , and f i n i s h i n g , as a p p l i c a b l e .
SABS 1 200 GR-1982 14
C o n c r e t e (snie11 w o r k s )

APPENDIX A . APPLICAULE STANDIIRUS

R e f e r e n c e is made to t h e l a t e s t i s s u e s of t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a n d a r d s :

SARS 82 Bending d i m e n s i o n s o f b a r s f o r c o n c r e t e r e i r i f o r c e i n e n t
SARS 4 7 1 P o r t l a n d cement ( o r d i n a r y , r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g , a n d s u l p h a t e - r e s i s t i n g )
SABS 626 P o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cement
SABS 831 P o r t l a n d c e m e n t 1 5 aild r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d c e m e n t 15
SABS 878 Ready-mixed c o n c r e t e
SABS 920 S t e e l bars f o r c o n c r e t e r e i n f o r c e m e n t
SABS 1024 Welded s t e e l f a b r i c f o r c o n c r e t e r e i n f o r c e m e n t
SABS 1083 A g g r e g a t e s from n a t u r a l s o u r c e s
SABS 1200 A C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n : General
SABS 1200 AA C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o r i s t r u c t i o n : Gerieral (small w o r k s )
SABS 1200 D C i v i l engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : Earthworks
SABS 1200 UA C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n : E a r t h w o r k s (small w o r k s )
SABS 1100 G c i v i l engineering construction : Concrete ( s t r u c t u r a l )

SABS Methods 861, 862, 8 6 3

ISBN 0*626*062984