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CIVILIZATION
GROUP 3
BAYSA-PEE, Zionore
BERSABE, Vince Clark C.
COSICO, Kidd
BOADO, Patricia Anne L.
CAYMO, Alelie Rose N.
BS Pharmacy 1-C
COLD CREAM &
MATERIA MEDICA
Water mills were a revolutionary invention and have been used all over
the world for the purpose of metal shaping, agriculture and, most
importantly, milling. To mill means to grind, and that invariably means
to grind grain. This in turn led to the production of edible food staples
like rice, cereals, pulses, flour, and so on. Ever since its invention, the
water mill has seen a number of adaptations, which have enabled
people to use it to mill different raw materials. These mills are still
used in many parts of the world and serve a similar function.
This useful invention takes its origins from the earliest known
Perachora wheel, created way back in the third century BC in Greece,
most likely invented by the contemporary Greek engineer Philo of
Byzantium. Earlier, the portions of the mechanical treatise on this
particular water mill written by Philo himself were regarded to have
Arab origination. However, recent research by British historian M.J.T.
Lewis has proved that the water mill was an ancient Greek invention.
ODOMETER
The Odometer is a device that accurately tells how much distance was
covered by a vehicle, this invention is attributed to Archimedes. It was
used by the Greek to accurately gauge distance covered by carts
though it's primary use was in helping engineers when creating roads
to measure the distance between two points. The odometer can now
be found universally in vehicles like cars.
The catapult improved as time went on. Cranks were added so that it
could be reloaded easily. Wheels were added for mobility. New designs
allowed the catapult to throw a variety of projectiles. The catapult
went from defending the Greeks to a machine of mass warfare that
broke down medieval castle walls to an ancient fan among avid
gamers and engineers.
Ancient Greeks created the earliest paper maps that were used for
navigation, and to depict certain areas of the Earth. Anaximander was
the first of the ancient Greeks to draw a map of the known world, and,
as such, he is considered to be one of the first cartographers.
Hecataeus, Herodotus, Eratosthenes, and Ptolemy were other well-
known Greek map makers. The maps they drew were based on
explorer observations and mathematical calculations.