UNIT - 9 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 92 93 oa 08 ‘The electrons in the atom of an element which determine ts chemien! and eledrical properties are eile (ed walence electrons) revatiny electrons fel emess electrons (2 axtive electrons Iman N-type semcenducor, there are (al motte negative tons fb} no mincrty carters fe immotde postive ions (2) holes as majority carirs ‘The reverse saturation curent ina PN junction diode i any due to (a majorty carters (©) minonty carers (et accept tans (a doner tens Inthe frward bias ctaracteristc cue, a diode appears as fala tigh resiarce a eapactor fet an OFF sunt, (an ON sweeh Avalanche bronitbun Is primary dependent on the phenomenon or (a catison (0) wonisaton fe aepirg (recombination ‘he cciour of ght emited dy @ LED depends on (al us reverse tas (©) the amount of forward erent (es forward Mas (a ape of semernductar materat The emtter base junction of a gWven transistor (8 forward based ‘aud ts callector-base unction is reverse biased f Ue hase current ts trae, then tee (a) Vg wil increase Je will decree (eT wil ieroase (Vo wil inerease. Improper blasing of a transistor areut produces (a) heats fonrting of enter current 1) clstertion tn the output ona fel ewessive heat at caletor ternal (2 faulty toation of tot tne 29 9.10 oar 2 out 95, ‘An osotator ts (al an exnpliter wih foutnace (1 a converter of acto de eneray (g nathing but an amptfter (6d an arnplifer wehout foedbac In a Colpt's seater crit (al capactive feedback ts used (2) tapped cat is usedt (le) no tune U0 esa bs set (eno capacitor is used ‘Soe the input impeciane of an. ideal operational ampifier (= ingot, (at ts tpt current i zero (0) ts output resistance 8 high (ets ouput stage becomes independent of loa resistance (eh becomes a curent contra device ‘The following rangement perms the lope function of owe — fawn woe DD faxaxo (a nsor the caput 07 of te folowing crate 1, he impute ABC must, be > foro e100 (101 (9110 e———_D— Aowonding tothe lass of Boolean algebra, the expression (A © AB) is equal to aa wap oe wi ‘The Boctean expression FEE can be sinplifed as fanse oR Be fap +60 +A @R+B+e