1 STRAIGHT LINES

CHAMPIONS LECTURE SERIES

M–203
Time: 2 Hrs

Lecture Planning & Flow

No. Lecture Contents Homework of this lecture
I For JEE Main/CET Aspirants

Write the Class Notes on Plain white

sheet of paper TWO Times and
submit in the next lecture. Solve
Abhyaas - I (Level-I) with detailed
III analysis and solutions (Don't just write
the answer) on plane white sheet of
paper and submit.

IV For JEE Advanced Aspirants

Write the Class Notes on Plain white
sheet of paper TWO Times and
V submit in the next lecture. Solve
Abhyaas - I (Level-I & Level-II) with
Detailed analysis and solutions (Don't
just write the answer) on plane white
sheet of paper and submit.

Has the student completed the homework of the previous lecture ?

STAMP

Roll No.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE | Mathematics 2

THE STRAIGHT LINE

In plane geometry, two points determine a straight line uniquely. In coordinate geometry it is the
locus of a point under some conditions. If a straight line meets the x-axis at a distance ‘ a’ from
the origin then the distance a is called the x-intercept and when line intersects the y-axis at a
distance ‘ b’ from the origin then the distance ‘ b’ is called the y-intercept. The intercepts are
signed distances.

(i) Inclination and Slope of a Line

Let a line l make angle  with the positive x-axis in anti-clockwise direction such that 0    .
 is called the inclination of the line. y
Slope of the line l is denoted by m and defined as m = tan 
Q
y2 - y1
Let P = (x1 , y1 ) P 

Q = (x2 , y2 )

X
y 2  y1 O
tan  = x2 - x1
x 2  x1

Note that
1. Two lines having slopes m1 and m2 are parallel iff m1 = m2
2. Two lines having slopes m1 and m2 , are perpendicular iff m1 m2 = – 1

(If one line has inclination  , then m1 = tan  . Other line has inclination + .
2

Then m2 = tan ( +  ) = – cot   m1 m2 = –1)
2

3. Two lines having slopes m1 , m2 are equally inclined to the x-axis iff m1 + m2 = 0.

Equation of a line in different forms : y

l
(i) Slope - Intercept Form
Let m be the slope and c be the y-intercept of the line l .
c
Then the equation of the line l is y = mx + c  x
O

(ii) Slope - Point Form

y
Let m be the slope of the line passing through ( x1 , y1 ). P
(x1, y1)
Then the equation of the line is
y – y 1 = m (x – x 1 )
 x
O
l
(iii) Two - Point Form
Let P = (x1 , y1 ) and Q = (x2 , y2 ) be two points on the line l . y
Q
(x2 , x2)
Equation of the line l is given by P
(x1, y1)
 y 2 - y1 
y – y1 =  x - x  (x – x1 ) O
x
2 1
l

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 3 STRAIGHT LINES

(iv) Intercept Form

Let a and b be the intercepts made by the line l on y
B (0, b)
the coordinate axes respectively. Then the
x y
equation of the line l is given by + =1 b
a b
(Note that a and b can take negative values.) A (a, 0)
x
O a
l

(v) Normal Form

Let p be the length of perpendicular segment from the origin to
y
l
the line l and  be the angle made by the perpendicular segment
from the origin to the line l with the positive x-axis.
P
Then the equation of the line l is 
x
x cos  + y sin  = p O

4
Illustration-14 Find the equation of the line which has the y-intercept and is perpendicular to the
3
line 3x – 4y + 11 = 0.
Solution: Let m be the slope the line
3
The slope of the line given by 3 x – 4y + 11 = 0 is .
4
4
 m=– .
3
4 4
Hence the equation of the desired line is y = – x+
3 3
 4x + 3y = 4

Illustration-15 Find the equation of the straight line through the point P (–1, –5) and having slope equal to
9
.
5
Solution: Equation of a line passing through (x 1 , y1) and having slope m is y – y 1 = m (x – x1).
9
Here m = , (x1 , y1 ) = (–1, – 5) The required equation is
5
9
y+5= (x + 1)
5
 9x – 5y – 16 = 0

Illustration-16 Find the equation of the line passing through (4, –5) and parallel to 3 x + 4y + 5 = 0
3
Solution: Slope of the line given by 3 x + 4y + 5 = 0 is – .
4
3
 slope of the required line = – .
4
 The required equation of the line is
3
y+5=– (x – 4)
4
 3x + 4y + 8 = 0.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE | Mathematics 4

Illustration-17 Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (2, 3) and cutting off
(a) equal intercepts along the positive directions of both the axes
(b) intercepts equal in magnitude and opposite in sign.
Solution: (a) Let the intercepts be each equal to a. Then the required equation is of the form
x y
 =1
a a
 x+y=a
As the point (2, 3) lies on it, so 2+3=a
 a=5
 The required equation of the line is x + y = 5
(b) Let the intercepts be – a and +a. Then the equation of the line in the intercept form is
x y
=1 
a a
 x–y=–a
As the point (2, 3) lies on it,
So 2 – 3 = – a
 a=1
 The required equation of the line is x – y + 1= 0

(Students may verify that the equation obtained by taking intercept + a (x-intercept)
and – a (y-intercept) is same as above.)

Illustration-18 Sketch roughly the lines satisfying the given conditions and write their equations :
(a) Inclination  = 1500 and distance from the origin = 3
(b) x-intercept = 7 and distance from the origin = 2
(c) nearest point on the line to the origin is (3, – 4).
y
y
P 1500
1500 2400
60
0 x
x O
Solution: (a) O
L1 P
L2
The figure shows that |OP| = p = 3 and  = 60 ofr line L 1 and |OP| = p = 3 and0

 = 1800 + 600 = 2400 for line L 2.

Therefore the equations of L 1 and L2 are respectively. x cos 600 + y sin 600 = 3
and x cos 2400 + y sin 2400 = 3

x y 3  1  3
i.e. + = 3 and x  -  + y
2 - 2  = 3
2 2  

i.e. x + 3 y = 6 and x + y 3 + 6 = 0
y
y
0
360  A L2
P 7
B x
2
(b) 2 A
 A
x
O 7 L1 C Q

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 5 STRAIGHT LINES

2
cos  =
7

3 5
 sin  =
7
Equations of L 1 and L2 are
x cos  + y sin  = 2 and x cos (3600 – ) + y sin (3600 – ) = 2
 x cos  + y sin  = 2 and x cos  – y sin  = 2
 2x + 3 5 y = 14 and 2x – 3 5 y = 14

(c) Let  QOP =  then y

L
Q
3 4 x
cos  = and sin  = – . O
5 5
Then OP makes angle 3600 –  with the positive x-axis. P (3, -4)

OP = 3 2  4 2 = 5
The equation of line L is
x cos (3600 – ) + y sin (3600 – ) = 5
 x cos  – y sin  = 5
 3x – 4y = 25

ABHYAAS - III

LEVEL - I

Q-1 The equation of straight line passing through (–a, 0) and making the triangle with axes of area ‘T’, is
(A) 2Tx  a 2 y  2aT  0 (B) 2Tx  a 2 y  2aT  0
(C) 2Tx  a 2 y  2aT  0 (D) None of these

Q-2 The points A(1, 3) and C(5,1) are the opposite vertices of rectangle. The equation of line passing through
other two vertices and of gradient 2, is
(A) 2x  y  8  0 (B) 2x  y  4  0 (C) 2x  y  4  0 (D) 2x  y  7  0

Q-3 The intercept cut off from y-axis is twice that from x-axis by the line and line is passes through (1, 2) then
its equation is
(A) 2x  y  4 (B) 2x  y  4  0 (C) 2x  y  4 (D) 2x  y  4  0

Q-4 The vertices of a triangle OBC are (0,0) , (3, 1) and (1, 3) respectively. Then the equation of line parallel
1
to BC which is at unit distant from origin and cuts OB and OC, is
2
(A) 2x  2y  2  0 (B) 2x  2y  2  0 (C) 2x  2y  2  0 (D) None of these

Q-5 Equation of one of the sides of an isosceles right angled triangle whose hypotenuse is 3x  4y  4 and
the opposite vertex of the hypotenuse is (2, 2), will be
(A) x  7y  12  0 (B) 7x  y  12  0 (C) x  7y  16  0 (D) 7x  y  16  0

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE | Mathematics 6

Q-6 The equations of the sides AB, BC and CA of the ABC are y  x  2 , x  2y  1 and 3x  y  5  0
respectively. The equation of the altitude through B is
(A) x  3y  1  0 (B) x  3y  4  0 (C) 3x  y  2  0 (D) None of these

x y x y
Q-7 If a variable line drawn through the point of intersection of straight lines   1 and   1 meets
   
the coordinate axes in A and B, then the locus of the mid-point of AB is
(A) (  )(x  y)  2xy (B) (x  y)  2xy(  )
(C) (  )(x  y)  2 xy (D) None of these


Q-8 If straight lines ax  by  p  0 and x cos   y sin   p  0 include an angle between them and meet
4
the straight line x sin   y cos   0 in the same point, then the value of a 2  b2 is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q-9 The ends of the base of an isosceles triangle are at (2a, 0) and (0,a) . The equation of one side is x  2a. The
equation of the other side is
(A) x  2y  a  0 (B) x  2y  2a (C) 3x  4y  4a  0 (D) 3x  4y  4a  0

Q-10 The distance between the lines 3x  4y  9 and 6x  8y  15 is

(A) 3/2 (B) 3/10 (C) 6 (D) None of these

Q-11 The length of perpendicular from (3, 1) on line 4x  3y  20  0 , is

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 5 (D) 8

Q-12 The equations of two lines through (0, a) which are at a distance ‘a’ from the point (2a, 2a) are
(A) y  a  0 and 4x  3y  3a  0 (B) y  a  0 and 3x  4y  3a  0
(C) y  a  0 and 4x  3y  3a  0 (D) None of these

Q-13 The vertices of a triangle are (2, 1), (5, 2) and (4, 4). The lengths of the perpendiculars from these
vertices on the opposite sides are
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
(A) , , (B) , , (C) , , (D) , ,
5 13 6 6 8 10 5 8 15 5 13 10

Q-14 The position of the point (8, 9) with respect to the lines 2x  3y  4  0 and 6x  9y  8  0 is
(A) Point lies on the same side of the lines (B) Point lies on the different sides of the line
(C) Point lies on one of the lines (D) None of these

Q-15 Consider the lines 2x  3y  7, 2x  3y  12 and point A(3, 5). Then

(A) Point ‘A’ lies between the lines
(B) Sum of perpendicular distance from A to the lines  5 / 13
(C) Distance between lines is 19 / 13
(D) None of these

Q-16 A point moves so that square of its distance from the point (3, –2) is numerically equal to its distance
from the line 5x  12y  13 . The equation of the locus of the point is
2 2
(A) 13x 2  13y   83x  64y  182  0 (B) x  y  11x  16y  26  0
(C) x 2  y 2  11x  16y  0 (D) None of these

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 7 STRAIGHT LINES

Q-17 Three lines px + qy + r = 0, qx + ry + p = 0 and rx + py + q = 0 are concurrent if

(A) p + q + r = 0 (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = pr + qr + pq
(C) p3 + q3 + r3 = 3pqr (D) none of these

Q-18 The circumcentre of the triangle formed by the lines, xy + 2x + 2y + 4 = 0 and x + y + 2 = 0 is -

(A) (–1, –1) (B) (–2, –2) (C) (0, 0) (D) (–1, –2)

Q-19 The co-ordinates of a point P on the line 2x – y + 5 = 0 such that |PA – PB| is maximum where A is
(4, – 2) and B is (2, – 4) will be -
(A) (11, 27) (B) (–11, – 17) (C) (–11, 17) (D) (0, 5)

Q-20 The line x + y = p meets the axis of x and y at A and B respectively. A triangle APQ is inscribed in the
triangle OAB, O being the origin, with right angle at Q. P and Q lie respectively on OB and AB. If the area
AQ
of the triangle APQ is 3/8th of the area of the triangle OAB, then is equal to -
BQ
(A) 2 (B) 2/3 (C) 1/3 (D) 3

ABHYAAS - III
LEVEL - II

Q-1 A triangle is formed by the lines 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 ; 3x – y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 12 = 0. If the points P(,0)

and Q (0,) always lie on or inside the ABC , then range of  -
(A)   [ 1, 2] &   [ 2, 3] (B)   [ 1, 3] &   [ 2, 4]
(C)   [ 2, 4] &   [ 3, 4] (D)   [ 1, 3] &   [ 2, 3]

Q-2 The line x + 3y – 2 = 0 bisects the angle between a pair of straight lines of which one has equation
x –7y + 5 = 0. The equation of the other line is -
(A) 3x + 3y – 1 = 0 (B) x – 3y + 2 = 0 (C) 5x + 5y – 3 = 0 (D) none

Q-3 A ray of light passing through the point A (1, 2) is reflected at a point B on the x-axis line mirror and then
passes through (5, 3). Then the equation of AB is -
(A) 5x + 4y = 13 (B) 5x – 4y = – 3 (C) 4x + 5y = 14 (D) 4x – 5y = – 6

Q-4 Area of the rhombus bounded by the four lines, ax  by  c = 0 is -

c2 2c 2 4c 2 ab
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2ab ab ab 4c 2
Q-5 The area enclosed by 2 |x| + 3|y|  6 is -
(A) 3 sq. units (B) 4 sq. units (C) 12 sq. units (D) 24 sq. units

Q-6 The point (4, 1) undergoes the following three transformations successively -
(i) Reflection about the line y = x
(ii) Translation through a distance 2 units along the positive directions of x-axis.
(iii) Rotation through an angle /4 about the origin.
The final position of the point is given by the coordinates :
 7 1   7 1   1 7 
(A)  ,   (B)  ,  (C)   ,  (D) none of these
2 2 2 2 2 2

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE | Mathematics 8

Q-7 Find the coordinates of incentre of the triangle. The equation of whose sides are
AB : x + y - 1 = 0, BC : 7x - y - 15 = 0 and CA : x - y - 1 = 0.

Q-8 ABC is a triangle with A (2, 5) and B (4, - 11) Vertex C in on the straight line
9x + 7y + 4 = 0. Prove that the centroid of triangle ABC moves on 27x + 21y - 8 = 0.

Q-9 Find the co-ordinates of the orthocentre of a triangle whose vertices are (2, 6) (1, 1)
and (3, 2).
x y
Q-10 A variable straight line is drawn through the intersection point of the lines  1
a b
x y
and   1 . Show that the mid-point of the intercept made by the coordinate axes on the line lies
b a
on the curve 2xy (a + b ) = ab ( x + y )
Q-11 A line L1 through the origin has a slope m. A line L 2 through the point (2, 3) has the
slope 2m. As m varies , the intersection point of L 1 and L2 describes the curve given by........

Q-12 The number of possible straight lines passing through (2, 3) and forming a triangle with the
coordinate axes, whose area is 12 sq. units, is.............

Q-13 Line 2x + y = 6 meets X - axis in point A and Y - axis in point B, Q is a point on line AB such that
area BOQ is 12 square units where O is origin, equation of OQ is...........

Q-14 Equation of line passing through point of intersection of lines 2x-y-4 = 0 and 3x + 2y - 13=0 and
sum of its intercepts on both the axes is 10 is............

Q-15 Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 3) to the
line y = 3x+4.

Q-16 The image of the point A(1, 2) w.r.t line mirror y - x = 0 is the point B and the image of
B w.r.t. the line mirror y = 0 is the point (, ). Find  and .

ANSWERS

LEVEL - I
Q-1 (B) Q-2 (B) Q-3 (A) Q-4 (A) Q-5 (A) Q-6 (B) Q-7 (B)
Q-8 (B) Q-9 (D) Q-10 (B) Q-11 (B) Q-12 (C) Q-13 (D) Q-14 (A)
Q-15 (D) Q-16 (A) Q-17 (ABC) Q-18 (A) Q-19 B Q-20 (D)

LEVEL - II

Q-1 (D) Q-2 C Q-3 (A) Q-4 (B) Q-5 (C) Q-6 (C) Q-7 (5, 0)

Q-11 3x - 4y = xy Q-12 2 Q-13 x = – 2y Q-14 x + y = 5, 2x + 3y = 12

 1 37 
Q-15  ,  Q-16 (2, -1)
 10 10 

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.champions.ac.in
CHAMPIONS