BENEFITS OF CEMENT ECO BRICKS IN BUILDING SAFER STRUCTURE

S.Y. 2019-2020

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2

Katherine Ashley R. Bautista

Atasha Araiel R. Biteranta
Asia Marliese Macabasco
Ronelyn Faye A. Ramos
Anjhen R. Villanueva
Cyril Joan G. Plaza

October 15, 2019

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

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 CHILD JESUS OF PRAGUE SCHOOL
Approval Sheet
This thesis entitled “The Benefits of Cement Eco Bricks in Buidling Safer

Structure.” Prepared and submitted by Anjhen Villanueva, Atasha Araiel

Biteranta, Katherine Bautista, Asia Marliese Macabasco, Ronelyn Faye Ramos,

and Cyril Joan Plaza. In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical

Research 2, has been examined for acceptance and approved for oral

examination.

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Practical Research 2.

CHRISTINE ANNE S.J. CLEMENTE

Research Adviser

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 Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to give their deepest appreciation to the
following individuals who made it possible for them to productively finish this
study

Ms. CHRISTINE ANNE S.J. CLEMENTE, their research teacher, for

equipping them sufficient knowledge, and guiding them throughout the making of

their research paper. Also, for molding them into a formidable researcher.

The RESPONDENTS, for kindly participating and giving them relevant

data for the researchers to finish the study.

Their CLASSMATES, for supporting and boosting their morale in doing

their research study. Also, for helping each other in conducting their study.

Their PARENTS, for motivating them in finishing their study. Also, for

unconditional love and support that they give to the researchers. Furthermore,

the financial aid that helps the researcher to make this study possible.

And above all, the ALMIGHTY GOD, for guiding them in their everyday

life. And, for providing them overflowing blessings, and bestowing them divine

wisdom.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………..………..i

APPROVAL SHIT……………………………………………………………………...ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………iii
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………..iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………v

CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background and Purpose of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
Assumption
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms

2 FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Narrative Discussion of the Framework

3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Overview of the Review of Related Literarure
Thematic Discussion of the Literature
Synthesis

4
4 RESEACRH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Setting of the Study
Subject of the Study
Sources of Data
Procedure of the Study
Statistical Treatment

5 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

-
-
-

6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations
Insights
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX A. Letter to the Principal
B. Letter to the Respondents
C. Research Instrument
D. Content Validation

CURRICULUM VITAE

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1.

2.

3.

4.

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 LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL
September 30, 2019

High School Department

Child Jesus of Prague School
Binangonan, Rizal

Good Day!

12 – STEM 2 students are conducting their research in partial fulfilment of their

requirements in Practical Research 2. In doing so, we will be conducting surveys on
October 6, 2019.

In line with this, we are asking for your approval to conduct our survey outside the school
in Brgy. Prinza, Teresa, Rizal, the corporation of Green Antz Builders due to the
availability of information and also the respondents.

Thank you in advance for your kind response and cooperation in this regard. God bless
you!

Respectfully Yours, Noted By:

ANJHEN R. VILLANUEVA MRS. CARLOTA S. ARAN

Research Representative High School Principal

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 LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

Child Jesus of Prague School

Batingan Binangonan, Rizal

October 6, 2019

Green Antz Builders

Brgy. Prinza Teresa, Rizal

Good Day!

We are graduating students of Child Jesus of Prague School (CJPS) with a strand of
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).

As a requirement in our Practical Research 2, we are conducting a survey about “The

benefits of Cement Eco Bricks in Building safer structure”. The responded of this study
are the staff of your corporation.

Our group chosen your corporation to be our respondents of this research because of
the availability of the information. We hope that you will be able to give your precious
time to answer our questionnaire. Data gathered will be confidential and just use only
for academic purposes. We hereby attached here our questionnaire so that you will be
able to answer it the soonest possible time.

We hope for your kind consideration, support and cooperation.

Respectfully Yours, Noted by:

ANJHEN R. VILLANUEVA CHRISTINE ANNE S.J. CLEMENTE

Research Representative Research Adviser

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 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Child Jesus of Prague School

Batingan Binangonan, Rizal

Name: _____________________
Age: ________

1. Are Eco bricks safe?

Yes

No
2. Do you think that eco bricks can effectively contribute in lessening plastic
pollution?
Yes
No
3. Can these Eco bricks with stand the intensity of an earthquake?
Yes
No

4. Is it possible for cement eco bricks to be used in building bigger structures like
buildings and etc.?
Yes
No

5. Do you think that the cost of cement eco bricks are worth it in terms of the
quality?
Yes
No

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6.How would you rate the following about cement eco bricks?
1 2 3 4 5
Quality ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Cost ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Environment ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

7.How many pieces of plastic is need to produce an Ecobrick? How can these
plastics strengthen your product?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________

8. Which among the two is very strength, the ordinary hollow blocks or the
cement eco bricks? And why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________

9. Why we need to use cement eco bricks instead of the ordinary hollow blocks?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

I. Introduction

Solid Waste is defined as any discarded material that is abandoned by being

disposed of, burned or incinerated, recycled or considered "waste-like." Waste

can physically be a solid, liquid, semi-solid, or container of gaseous material.

Solid waste includes garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, sludge

from the water supply or waste treatment plants, or air pollution control facilities,

and other discarded materials. Solid waste can come from industrial, commercial,

mining, or agricultural operations, and household and community activities. Solid

waste does not include wastes such as solid or dissolved materials in domestic

sewage, or source, special nuclear, or by-product material.

Currently, about 2.01 billion metric tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) are

produced annually worldwide. The World Bank estimates overall waste

generation will increase to 3.40 billion metric tons by 2050. An estimated 13.5%

of today's waste is recycled and 5.5% is composted. The report estimates that

between one-third and 40% of waste generated worldwide is not managed

properly and instead dumped or openly burned (Ellis, 2018). Nowadays, solid

waste has been a problem in every country. Because of the growth in

technology, there is a lot of wastes produced globally every year and is expected

to increase by the year 2050. Since most of the people rely on using plastics for

storage, packaging, etc. it is really hard to eliminate such wastes.

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 According to an article by Darrin Qualman (2017), factories now produce

approximately 400 million tons of plastic waste per year. Factories have been

contributing wastes at a high rate, and sometimes these wastes are not handled

and disposed of properly.

The global community recognized that Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an

issue that requires serious attention. The aggressive pursuit for economic

growth, by developing countries like the Philippines, has resulted in the

manufacture, distribution, and use of products and generation of wastes that

contribute to environmental degradation and global climate change. Based on the

article, solid waste management has been a problem in our country that needs

serious attention not just the government but the citizens as well. Because of the

aggressive pursuit of economic growth in the Philippines, the production of

wastes has vastly increased, resulting in poor solid waste management that

greatly affects the environment.

In the Philippines, we produce about 77,776 tons of waste daily. A portion of

this is burned that worsens the country's already polluted air. This is expected to

rise by 47.3 percent by 2025. The best way to prevent the large increase in

waste production in the country is by reducing and recycling wastes. The

production of cement eco-bricks will greatly help in solving this country's problem

in waste management.

According to an article by Pauline Miranda (2018), these cement eco-bricks

can be a sustainable way to build houses, buildings, and other structures. Aside

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from reducing wastes by the production of cement eco-bricks, this will also be a

substitute for hollow blocks in building structures.

Despite knowing that cement eco-bricks can somehow help reduce wastes

and be a substitute in building structures, there is still a need to know if it will help

such problems. This led the researchers to conduct a study on how beneficial

cement eco-bricks are in building structures.

II. Statement Of The Problem

The production of waste is currently increasing and is expected to even rise at

a high rate for upcoming years. Since this has been a global problem, there

should be a way on how to solve this problem that our world is currently facing.

Cement eco-bricks can be one of the many solutions in solving the problem of

reducing wastes and using it as a substitute for hollow blocks, but there should

be enough benefits of this material. This study aims to know the benefits of

cement eco-bricks on building structures and reducing waste.

Moreover, this study seeks to answer the following specific questions:

1. How can cement eco-bricks help lessen wastes?

2. In what way can wastes help strengthen cement eco-bricks?

3. How can cement eco-bricks be beneficial in strengthening structures?

III. Hypothesis

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 It is hypothesized that the reduction of wastes can also contribute to creating

products that will help in building safer structures.

IV. Assumption

In this study, the primary assumption of the researchers is to be able to

produce a product that will help to build safer structures because of commonly

occurring events such as earthquakes and typhoons. In this way, researchers

assume that it will give more benefits and will guarantee consumers that cement

eco-bricks will be more durable and will be considered as a high-quality product

compared to normal cement blocks or bricks. This product will not only give

benefits to one's structures but it can also give credit on reducing the number of

solid wastes in the community. A product that will also be produced accurately as

presented and explained to the respondents or audience.

V. Scope and Delimitation

The general intent of this study is to know the benefits that cement eco-bricks

have in building safer structures and schools for students. This study will also

assess the positive effects of cement eco-bricks on the environment, and the

reduction of solid waste.

This study will focus on solid wastes and how it can be lessened by using

cement eco-bricks. However, it will not assess other kinds of wastes for it is not a

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component in producing cement eco-bricks. The respondents of this study are

only bounded to the workers of Green Antz Builders Cement Eco-brick hub in

Teresa, Rizal.

VI. Significance of The Study

This study is conducted to give knowledge to the following beneficiaries about

the benefits that cement eco-bricks provides in building structures and reducing

solid wastes on the environment.

This study will help the students gain more knowledge about solid wastes and

make them aware of the situation our country is currently facing, about solid

waste reduction. For the municipality, this study will help them by introducing

them to a new way of building safer structures and to lessen solid wastes. For

the parents, this study will benefit them by making the right decision to use eco-

friendly materials that will help the environment and influence their children to do

the same. For the teachers, this study will benefit them by letting them know the

effects of solid wastes on the environment, and for them to guide their students in

improving the current situation of the environment. Lastly, for future researchers,

this study will be useful for them because this will serve as a guide in their future

study related to this topic.

VII. Definition of Terms

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SOLID WASTE - is the non-liquid material that no longer has any value. These

are wastes produced by various activities done by the people in their daily lives.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – it is the collecting, treating, and disposing of

solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer

useful

ECO-BRICKS - Are plastic bottles stuffed with non-recyclable materials.

CEMENT ECO-BRICKS - hollow blocks that are made from shredded plastic

non-biodegradable wastes mixed with wet cement.

CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS - are bricks commonly used in building

construction.

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 CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

I. Theoretical Framework

Theory of Planned Behavior by Azjen (1985) relates to the waste behavior in

the construction industry. Levels of waste within the construction industry need to

be reduced for environmental and economic reasons. Changing people's

behavior can make a significant contribution.

In this theory it is to investigate the attitudinal forces that shape the people’s

behavior at the operative level. It concludes that operatives see waste as an

inevitable by-product of construction activity. Attitudes towards waste

management are not negative, although they are pragmatic and impeded by

perceptions of a lack of managerial commitment. Waste management is

perceived as a low project priority, and there is an absence of appropriate

resources and incentives to support it. The theory of waste behavior is proposed

for the construction industry, and recommendations are made to help managers

improve operatives' attitudes towards waste.

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 II. Conceptual Framework

-Determine the benefits of

-Profile of respondents
the cement eco-bricks in
-Age of 17-18 yrs. Old building safer structures
Analysis of Data
-Male/Female -Recommendation for
through survey proper solid waste
-Senior high school students questionnaires management
of Child Jesus of Prague
School - Development of eco-
innovations

The conceptual framework of this study shows the organization of ideas or a

concept map of the research. The input of this research includes the

respondent’s profiles of the senior high school students through the analysis of

data by using survey questionnaires to know the behavior of the respondents in

solid waste management and their knowledge about cement eco-bricks to have a

recommendation and development of eco-innovations.

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 CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

I. Overview of Related Literature

This chapter includes related literatures about how cement eco bricks can

help lessen wastes, how wastes can strengthen cement eco-bricks and how

cement eco-bricks can be beneficial in strengthening structures.

II. Thematic Discussion

Schalk Mouton (2015) stated that plastics can not be broken down easily it

takes a very long time for them to do so but when they have broken down the

break into smaller solids called micro-plastics. These micro-plastics can cause

tremendous danger to the environment.

Eco-bricks started its story from Guatemala to the Philippines and South

Africa. As stated by Hopkins (2014), Susanna Heisse of Guatemala was

disturbed by the number of plastic wastes around the Lake of Atitlan. This led her

to the idea of Eco-bricks and made a wall out of it. This became an inspiration to

others all over the world. There are now many institutions made of eco-bricks in

Guatemala built by Susanna’s organization, a website in the Northern

Philippines, ecobricks.org, made an open manual to be distributed to local

schools. With this idea, it represented a special approach to waste management.

As stated by Castillo (2013) on his study titled "Status of solid waste

management in the Philippines" concluded that the reduction, reuse, and

recycling system, and ultimate disposal in environmentally sanitary landfill in the

Philippines, unfortunately, could still be considered as not effective and efficient

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in attaining a clean environment and its effects to local and global climate

change.

According to an article entitled First Ecobrick Hub Seen to Reduce Plastic

Pollution(2018), Each eco-brick disposes of about 100 pieces of shredded

sachets in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.

Green Antz Builders got the support of a local cement corporation Republic

Cement as stated by Ronda (2018) on a report, in one of the Barangays in

Teresa, Rizal, an Eco-brick hub launched which caused the two companies to

bring their participation in the said locale. The said hub is in Barangay Prinza and

it produces more than 20,000 of these bricks in a month disposing of half a ton of

solid wastes in its production.

A stated by Jalaluddin (2017) on his study “Use of Plastic Waste in Civil

Constructions and Innovative Decorative Material (Eco-friendly) These plastic

roads mainly carry bags, disposable cups and PET bottles that are collected from

garbage dumps as an important ingredient in construction materials. Using

plastic waste as a modifier, we can reduce the quantity of cement and sand by

their weight, hence decreasing the overall cost of construction that can be

greater than the plain cement.

People prefer to use burned bricks as a means of construction material.

These kinds of bricks produce nearly a ton of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). In

constructing buildings, bricks are broadly used all over the world as stated by

Madan Raj et.al (2018) on their study entitled “An Experimental Study on the

Strength & Characteristics of Eco-Bricks from Garbage Dump.” It is also stated

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that the method of converting waste materials into a new one is another way to

dispose of “conventional” wastes that can help reduce greenhouse gas

emanation. The household waste (e.g. plastic, glass, paper, cloth, wood, etc.)

can be easily recycled only if it is segregated. It can only be done after it reaches

a landfill site.

According to a statement by Galang (2018), a company based in Bulacan is

using plastic wastes (e.g. sachets) to produce these “eco-bricks.” Green Antz

Builders Incorporation publicized these as a solution to the solid waste dilemma

that our world is facing and to have a “green” substitute to the usual hollow

blocks that we use on building constructions. The founder of that said company

and its CEO, Rommel B. Benig, refurbished these bricks as more appealing,

stronger and lucrative than the regular hollow blocks. What makes these bricks

more unique from the common blocks are how they are produced. Hollow blocks

are made through the simple process of molding. Whereas, eco-bricks go

through compression and undergo a propriety process; Its production uses a

special construction additive that makes it sturdier. With the company’s need for

sachets to produce these bricks, they teamed up with local government units,

cooperatives, schools, and communities. One can get an eco-bricks with a two

and a half kilos of plastic sachets. This does not only help clear the plastics in a

community but also makes their buildings tougher.

Pauline Miranda (2018) has said in her article that eco-bricks have different

types and its design even resembles a real brick making it more versatile for

various architectural designs.

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III. Synthesis

The review of the related literatures supports the study in a way that they

give information about how cement eco bricks can help to lessen the wastes

and can be beneficial in strengthening structures.

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 CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

I. Research Design

The researchers made use of correlational research as the design.

Correlational research aims to describe and measure the degree of association

between two or more variables. This will help the researchers to determine if

cement eco-bricks are really beneficial on reducing wastes and building

structures.

I. Setting of The Study

This study will mainly be about the benefits of cement eco-bricks specifically

on reducing wastes and building structures. The setting of the study will be on

Teresa, Rizal because the respondents as well as the nearest cement eco-brick

hub is located in that particular area.

II. Subject of The Study

The subjects of the study are the manufacturers and clients of the because

they are the ones who are knowledgeable about cement eco-bricks.

III. Sources of Data

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 The sources of data of this study will solely come from the answers of the

respondents on the interviews and the review of related literature.

IV. Procedure of The Study

First, the researchers carefully determined the problem in the society

nowadays. After determining the problem, the researchers settled the title of the

research paper that would best describe the content of the study. Subsequently,

the researchers determined the research instrument to be used, setting of the

study, subject of the study, sampling and sources of data. After gathering related

data, the researchers will analyze the gathered data and present ideas.

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