Einstein’s Mathematics Series

F.Sc II Calculus Formulae

By: Muhammad Shahryar

Contact: 03333320031
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 1
Einstein’s Mathematics Series
Hyperbolic Functions
x
e e
x
2
1 s in h x  4 cos ec h x  x
e e
x
2
x
 e
x
e 2
2 cosh x  5 sech x  x
 e
x
2 e
 x  x
 e
x
 e
x
e e
3 ta n h x   x
6 c o th x   x
 e
x
 e
x
e e

Inverse hyperbolic Functions

1 1 4  1 1 x
2 
x  ln ( x   1)
2
s in h x cos ec h
1
x  ln   
 x x 
 
2 1 5  1 
1 x
2
x  ln ( x  x  1)
2
cosh 1
sech x  ln   
 x x 
 
3 1 1 1 x  6 1  x 1
1
ta n h x  ln   c o th x  ln  
2 1 x   x 1

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2

From Products to Sum /Difference Trigonometry Formulae

1 2 s in  c o s   s in (    )  s in (    )

2 2 c o s  s in   s in (    )  s in (    )
3 2 c o s  c o s   c o s (   )  c o s (   )

4  2 s in  s in   c o s (    )  c o s (    )

From Sum /Difference to Products Trigonometry Formulae

1        
s in   s in   2 s in   cos  
 2   2 
2        
s in   s in   2 c o s   s in  
 2   2 
3        
cos   cos   2 cos   cos  
 2   2 
4        
c o s   c o s    2 s in   s in  
 2   2 

Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

1 s in   c o s   1
2 2 2 1  ta n
2
  sec 
2

3 1  cot   cos ec 
2 2
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 2
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

Half Angle Identities

1 2
 1  cos   1  cos 
s in   cos  
2 2 2 2
Double Angle Identities
s in 2   2 s in  c o s 
Mostly used algebraic Formulae
1 (a
n
 b )  ( a  b )( a
n n 1
 a
n2
b  a
n3
b
2
 ........  b
n 1
)

(a  b)
3
 a
3
 b  3ab (a  b)
3 3 (a  b )  a  b  3ab (a  b )
3 3 3

2
Binomial expansion
n 1 n ( n  1) n2 n ( n  1) ( n  2 ) n3
(a  x)  a  na x    .......
n n 2 3
a x a x
2! 3!
Limits Formulae
1 sin  4 n
 1 
lim 1 lim  1    e
0  n 
 n 

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2 1 5
x a
n n

lim  1  x  x  e lim  na
n 1

x 0 x a xa
3 6 e 1
x
a 1
x

lim  lo g e a . lim  lo g e e  1
x a x a x
x
Derivative from definition
f (x   x)  f (x)
lim  d eriv ativ e o f a fu n ctio n f
 x 0 x
Derivative from first principle
y dy
lim 
 x 0 xdx
Derivative rules
Power rule

form
Simple

d n 1
(x )  nx
n

dx
form
General

d n 1 d n 1
(ax  b)  n(ax  b) (ax  b)  n(ax  b)
n
. .a
dx dx
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 3
Einstein’s Mathematics Series
rule
Product

d d d
{ f ( x ).g ( x )}  f ( x ). [ g ( x )]  g ( x ). [ f ( x )]
dx dx dx
Or
d
{ f ( x ) . g ( x ) }  f ( x ) . g ( x )  g ( x ) . f ( x )
dx
Quotient rule

d d
f ( x ). [ g ( x )]  g ( x ). [ f ( x )]
d  f (x)  dx dx
   2
dx  g (x)  [ g ( x )]
Or
d  f (x)  f ( x ). g  ( x )  g ( x ). f  ( x )
   2
dx  g ( x)  [ g ( x )]
rule
Chain

dy dy dt
. 
dx dt dx
For the derivative of parametric equation the chain rule is applied But only when First derivative is need
to be finding out. For the case when parametric equations are given and second or higher derivatives
are need to be find out we don’t use chain rule . For this case, we eliminate third parameter and then
find out derivative by usual techniques.

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Derivatives Formulae For Trigonometric Functions
Simple Form General Form
1 d d d
(sin x )  co s x s in ( a x  b )  c o s ( a x  b ) . ( a x  b )  c o s ( a x  b ) .a
dx dx dx

2 d d d
(c o s x )   s in x c o s ( a x  b )   s in ( a x  b ) . ( a x  b )   s in ( a x  b ) . a
dx dx dx
3 d d d
ta n ( a x  b )  s e c ( a x  b ). ( a x  b )  s e c ( a x  b ).a
2 2
(ta n x )  se c x
2

dx dx dx
4 d d d
c o t( a x  b )   c o s e c ( a x  b ) . ( a x  b )   c o s e c ( a x  b ) .a
2 2
(c o t x )   c o s e c x
2
dx dx
dx
5 d d d
(s e c x )  s e c x . ta n x s e c ( a x  b )  s e c ( a x  b ). ta n ( a x  b ). (ax  b)
dx dx dx
d
s e c ( a x  b )  s e c ( a x  b ) . t a n ( a x  b ) .a
dx
6 d d d
(c o s e c x )   c o s e c x . c o t x c o s e c ( a x  b )   c o s e c ( a x  b ). c o t( a x  b ) (ax  b )
dx dx dx
d
c o s e c ( a x  b )   c o s e c ( a x  b ). c o t( a x  b ). a
dx
Derivatives Formulae For Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Simple Form General Form
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 4
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

d 1 1 d 1 x 1 d  x  1
1 (s in x)  ( s in )  .   
dx 1 x
2 dx a 2
dx  a  a  x
2 2
 x 
1  
 a 
2 d 1 d 1 x 1 d  x  1
1 ) 
(c o s x)  (c o s .   
dx a 2
dx  a  2
 x
2
dx 1 x
2  x  a
1  
 a 
3 d 1 d 1 x 1 d  x  a
1
(ta n x)  (ta n )  2
.   
a  x
2 2
 x  dx  a 
1 x dx a
2
dx 1  
 a 
4 d 1 1 d 1 x 1 d  x  a
(c o t x)  (c o t )  .   
1 x
2 2
a  x
2 2
dx dx a  x  dx  a 
1  
 a 
5 d 1 1 d 1 x 1 d  x  a
x)  )   
(se c (se c . 
1
2
dx dx  a   a
2 2 2
x x dx a x  x  x x
  1
a  a 
6 1 1 d  x  a

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d 1 d 1 x
(c o s e c x)  (c o s e c )  .   
dx x 1
2 dx a 2
dx  a  2
 a
2
x x  x  x x
  1
a  a 

Derivatives Formulae For Exponential Functions

Simple Form General Form
1 d d ( ax  b ) ( ax  b ) d ( ax  b )
 e
x x
e e  e . (ax  b )  e .a
dx dx dx
2 d d d
(bx  c ) (bx  c ) (bx  c )
 a . ln a  a (b x  c )  a
x x
a a . ln a . . ln a . b
dx dx dx
Derivatives Formulae For logarithmic Functions
Simple Form General Form
1 d 1 d 1 d 1
ln x  ln ( a x  b )  . (ax  b )  .a
dx x dx (ax  b ) dx (ax  b )
2 d 1 d 1 d 1
lo g a x  lo g a ( b x  c )  . (b x  c )  .b
dx x . ln a dx ( b x  c ). ln a d x ( b x  c ). ln a

Derivatives Formulae For hyperbolic Functions

Simple Form General Form
1 d d d
(s in h x )  c o s h x s in h ( a x  b )  c o s h ( a x  b ) . ( a x  b )  c o s h ( a x  b ) .a
dx dx dx
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 5
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

2 d d d
(c o s h x )  s in h x c o s h ( a x  b )  s in h ( a x  b ). ( a x  b )  s in h ( a x  b ). a
dx dx dx
3 d d d
ta n h ( a x  b )  s e c h ( a x  b ). ( a x  b )  s e c h ( a x  b ). a
2 2
(ta n h x )  s e c h x
2

dx dx dx

4 d d d
c o th ( a x  b )   c o s e c h ( a x  b ). ( a x  b )   c o s e c h ( a x  b ). a
2 2
(c o th x )   c o s e c h x
2
dx dx
dx
5 d d d
(s e c h x )   s e c h x . ta n h x s e c h ( a x  b )   s e c h ( a x  b ). ta n h ( a x  b ). (ax  b)
dx dx dx
d
s e c h ( a x  b )   s e c h ( a x  b ) . t a n h ( a x  b ) .a
dx
6 d d d
(c o s e c h x )   c o s e c h x . c o th x c o s e c h ( a x  b )   c o s e c h ( a x  b ). c o th ( a x  b ) (ax  b )
dx dx dx
d
c o s e c h ( a x  b )   c o s e c h ( a x  b ). c o th ( a x  b ). a
dx
Derivatives Formulae For Inverse hyperbolic Functions

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1 d 1 d 1 x 1 d  x  1
1
( s in h x)  (s in h )  .   
dx a 2
dx  a  2
 x
2
dx 1 x
2
 x  a
1  
 a 
2 d 1 1 d x 1 d  x  1
x)  1
)    
(c o sh (c o sh .
x 1
2
dx dx  a   a
2 2 2
dx a
 x  x
  1
 a 
3 d 1 d x 1  x 
d a
1 1
(ta n h x)  (ta n h )  2
.   
 x
2 2
dx 1 x
2
dx a  x  dx  a  a
1  
 a 
4 d 1 d x 1 d  x  a
1 1
(c o th x)  (c o th )  2
.   
a  x
2 2
1 x
2
dx dx a  x  dx  a 
1  
 a 
5 d 1 1 d x 1 d  x  a
x)  1
)   
(s e c h (se c h . 
1 x
2
dx dx  a   x
x 2 2 2
dx a x  x  x a
. 1  
a  a 
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 6
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

6 d 1 1 d x 1 d  x  a
(c o s e c h x)  1
(c o s e ch )  .   
1 x
2
dx x dx a 2
dx  a  2
 x
2
x  x  x a
1  
a  a 

Notations for derivatives for a function f(x)=y

1st Derivatives 2nd Derivatives 3rd Derivatives nth Derivatives

y y  y  y
(n)

2 3 n
dy d y d y d y
2 3 n
dx dx dx dx
y1 y2 y3 yn
f  f  f  f
(n)

2 3 n
df d f d f d f
2 3 n
dx dx dx dx

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Maclaurin Series Expansion of a Function
f  ( 0 ) f  ( 0 )
(n)
f (0 )
f ( x )  f ( 0 )  f ( 0 ) x  x  x  ......  x  ....
2 3 n

2! 3! n!
Taylor’s Theorem
f  ( x ) f  ( x )
(n)
f (x)
f ( x  h )  f ( x )  f ( x ) h  h  h  ......  h  ....
2 3 n

2! 3! n!
Anti-Derivatives Or Integral Rules
Power rule (1)

form
Simple

n 1
x
 (x )dx   c
n

n 1
form
General

n 1 n 1
(ax  b) 1 (ax  b ) 1
 (ax  b) dx   c   c
n
. .
n 1 d n 1 a
(ax  b )
dx
n 1
Power rule  f ( x)
 f ( x )  . f ( x ) d x 
n
(2)  c , n c a n b e e v e ry re a l n u m b e r e x c e p t -1 .
n 1
When n≠ -1
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 7
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

Power rule 1 f ( x
(2)  f ( x) . f ( x ) d x   f (x)
) d x  ln f ( x )  c
When n= -1
Log rule

form
Simple

1
 x
d x  ln x  c
form
General

1 1 1
 ax  b
d x  ln ( a x  b ) .
d
 c  ln ( a x  b ) .
a
 c
(ax  b)
dx
Anti-Derivatives or Integration Formulae
Simple Form General Form
 ( s in x )dx   cos x  c 1
 s in ( a x  b ) d x   c o s ( a x  b ).
d
 c
(ax  b )
dx
1
 s in ( a x  b ) d x   c o s( a x  b ).  c

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a

 (c o s x ) d x  s in x  c
1
 cos(ax  b )dx  s in ( a x  b ).
d
 c
(ax  b)
dx
1
 c o s ( a x  b ) d x  s in ( a x  b ).
a
 c

1
 ( ta n x ) d x  ln s e c x  c
 ta n ( a x  b ) d x  ln s e c ( a x  b ) .  c
d
or (ax  b)
dx
 ( ta n x ) d x   ln c o s x  c 1
 t a n ( a x  b ) d x  ln s e c ( a x  b ) .
a
 c

or
1
 t a n ( a x  b ) d x   ln c o s ( a x  b ) .
d
 c
(ax  b)
dx
1
 t a n ( a x  b ) d x   ln c o s ( a x  b ) .
a
 c
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 8
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

1
 (c o t x ) d x  ln s in x  c
 c o t( a x  b ) d x  ln s i n ( a x  b ) .
d
 c
(ax  b)
dx
1
 c o t( a x  b ) d x  ln s i n ( a x  b ) .
a
 c

1
 (s e c x ) d x  s e c ( a x  b ) d x  ln s e c ( a x  b )  ta n ( a x  b ) . c
d
 ln s e c x  ta n x  c (ax  b)
dx
1
 s e c ( a x  b ) d x  ln s e c ( a x  b )  ta n ( a x  b ) .
a
c

1
 (c o s e c x ) d x  c o s e c ( a x  b ) d x  ln c o s e c ( a x  b )  c o t( a x  b ) . c
d
= ln c o s e c x  c o t x  c (ax  b )
dx

Einstein’s Education System,Contact:0332-4741796

1
 c o s e c ( a x  b ) d x  ln c o s e c ( a x  b )  c o t( a x  b ) .
a
c

1

2
(se c x)dx
 sec ( a x  b ) d x  ta n ( a x  b ).  c
2

d
= ta n x  c (ax  b)
dx
1
 sec ( a x  b ) d x  ta n ( a x  b ).  c
2

 (c o s e c x )dx = - cot x  c
2
1
 c o s e c ( a x  b ) d x   c o t( a x  b ).  c
2

d
(ax  b )
dx
1
 c o s e c ( a x  b ) d x   c o t( a x  b ).  c
2

 (s e c x. ta n x ) d x 1
 s e c ( a x  b ). ta n ( a x  b ) d x  se c ( a x  b ).
d
 c
= sec x  c (ax  b )
dx
1
 s e c ( a x  b ). ta n ( a x  b ) d x  se c ( a x  b ).
a
 c
 F.Sc II Calculus Formulae by M.Shahryar Page # 9
Einstein’s Mathematics Series

1
 (c o s e c x. c o t x)dx
 c o s e c ( a x  b ). c o t( a x  b ) d x   c o s e c ( a x  b ). c
d
= - cos ecx  c (ax  b )
dx
1
 c o s e c ( a x  b ). c o t( a x  b ) d x   c o s e c ( a x  b ).
a
c

e dx  e  c
x x
( ax  b ) ( ax  b ) 1 ( ax  b ) 1
e dx  e .
d
 c =e .
a
 c
(ax  b)
dx

x (bx  d ) (bx  d )
a (bx  d ) a 1 a 1
 a dx   c
a
x
dx  .  c = .  c
ln a ln a d ln a b
(b x  d )
dx
1 1 1 1  x 
 d x  s in xc
 d x  s in   c
1 x  
2
 x
2 2
a a

Einstein’s Education System,Contact:0332-4741796

1 1 1 1 1  x 
1 2
d x  ta n xc
 2
 x
2
dx  ta n   c
x a a  a 

1 1 1 1 1  x 
 dx  sec xc
 dx  sec   c
x x 1  a 
2
 a
2 2
x x a

Useful Substitutions for integration

Expression Involving Suitable substitution
a  x
2 2 x  a sin 

x
2
 a
2 x  a sec 
x  a ta n 
 x
2 2
a
x  a (o r x a) x  a = t (o r x  a = t)

2ax  x
2 x  a  a sin 
Integration by parts rule
 
  g ( x )d x       g ( x ) d x   d x
d
  f ( x ). g ( x )  d x  f ( x ).

f (x) dx

