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O ti l

Optical IP

IP over DWDM:
An Industry Attempt to Clean
the Slate for the Core

Ori Gerstel

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1


Agenda

ƒ Considerations for an optimized IP core


ƒ What have we done so far?
ƒ Challenges
ƒ What must still be done?

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2


Drivers for Changes in the Core

ƒ Traffic for consumer clearly moving to IP


ƒ Video and P2P are bandwidth hungry
ƒ Huge increase in consumer access bandwidth
expected (FTTx)
ƒ But the revenue per bit is decreasing
ƒ As a result the SP must optimize the core to compete

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3


Role of IP and DWDM in the Core

ƒ IP provides a rich platform for services


ƒ However the tax of using IP in conjunction w P2P
DWDM systems is high
Cost, power, footprint

ƒ DWDM is veryy good


g for transport
p of bits over long
g
distances and in expressing thru nodes
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Muxes (ROADMs) moving
from rings to mesh nodes

ƒ These 2 layers have so far evolved separately


Introducing inefficiencies

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Industry “Clean Slate” Proposition

ƒ Can the network be optimized given the respective


properties of the two layers?
ƒ At the same time
time, cannot afford to redesign the
hardware / software architecture for both box and router
from scratch…

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5


Agenda

ƒ Considerations for an optimized IP core


ƒ What have we done so far?
ƒ Challenges
ƒ What must still be done?

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6


IPoDWDM: Current Status

ƒ Significant mind share:


9 Alien wavelength req for transport RFPs
9 WDM i/f on routers for IP RFPs
ƒ Product offerings
9 Router WDM i/fs at both 10G and 40G per channel
9 Some control plane integration
ƒ Deployments
9 Early
y adopters
p deployed
p y and operational
p
9 Traditional SPs in trials, but harder to adopt
9 Most interest for 40G per wavelength

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Platform Progress
Proof points
Before: Non-integrated IP + DWDM

Core router Router Transponder ROADM

1x OC-768c ITU PLIM


4 x 10GE ITU PLIM

Core/Edge router
IPoDWDM
1 x 10GE ITU SPA
R t
Router ROADM

Edge router
4 x 10GE ITU DWDM XENPAK

Functional equivalence of 10GbE +G.709


y
DWDM layer to 10G POS + transponder
DWDM system fully interoperable Reduced CAPEX and OPEX
w routers
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Control Plane Progress:
S-GMPLS implementation

L3 IGP

Full
separation

Out of band
GE i/f
Optical
O ti l
L1 IGP VRF

1. DWDM nodes run OSPF and discover the optical layer topology
2. GE port on router connected to DWDM node via out of band cable
3. OSPF enabled on this port
4. Router port added into a special “optical” virtual routing/ forwarding table (VRF)
5. Router learns optical layer topology and stores it in the VRF
6. Users outside the core router cannot see or access nodes inside the optical VRF

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9


Control Plane Progress:
Proof points
L1 topology visibility (OSPF database)
L3 IGP
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:MiniRex#sh ospf vrf optical database

OSPF Router with ID (10.10.10.10) (Process ID 1)


L1 IGP

Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum


Router 10 DWDM nodes Router 10.85.85.200 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x00027e
10.85.85.200 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x002840
10.85.85.201 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x0049c7
10.85.85.201 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x00cb0a
10.85.85.230 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x004f6d
Control plane debugging (Ping) 10.85.85.230 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x007f70
10.85.85.235 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x00b60b
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:MiniRex#ping vrf optical 10.85.85.200 10.85.85.235 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x00b32d
Type escape sequence to abort
abort. 10.85.85.236 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x00c163
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.85.85.200, 10.85.85.236 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x0095e5
timeout is 2 seconds: 10.85.85.237 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x00cbbc
!!!!! 10.85.85.237 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x00779e
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max 10.85.85.239 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x00658f
= 1/1/4 ms 10.85.85.239 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x00b4f0
10.85.85.244 10.85.85.229 182 0x80000006 0x00ae9b
10.85.85.244 10.85.85.238 177 0x8000000b 0x00083e

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Agenda

ƒ Considerations for an optimized IP core


ƒ What have we done so far?
ƒ Challenges
ƒ What must still be done?

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11


Th Main
The M i Challenge:
Ch ll the
th Organizational
O i ti l Wall
W ll

IP T
Transport
t

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Why is The Wall Bad?

ƒ Organizational walls have historical purpose


– Enable specialized operation and control of complex networks
ƒ Today’s technology maturity & integration removes the need for it
ƒ The wall becomes an obstacle:
– High CAPEX for non-integrated optics
– High CAPEX due to duplicate protection at both layers
– Inefficient IP routing
– IP protection may fail if shared risks are unknown
– Inefficient network planning
p g
– Lack of alarm correlation between layers
– High OPEX due to role duplication

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13


Addressing the Organizational Wall
Option 1 – don’t change operations, but improve NE-NE collaboration

IP T
Transport
t

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14


Addressing the Organizational Wall
Option 2 – break the wall: integrate operations at all levels

IP T
Transport
t

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Option 2 Example:
Integrated Network Management

Demo EMS

ƒ Common inventory
ƒ Common alarms
ƒ E2E setup - router to router

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Option 1 Example:
Segmented Management with EMS/NMS changes

ƒ Optical EMS/NMS manages


WDM i/f on router as well as IP EMS Transport EMS/NMS
WDM layer
ƒ CLI, SNMP, XML
ƒ ACLs on router ensure
separation between optical
and IP users WDM I/F

WDM I/F

Demo EMS
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Segmented Management w/o EMS/NMS changes:
The Virtual Transponder Concept

ƒ Virtual transponder protocol WDM


(VTXP): NE
WDM i/fs
– Secure session between WDM
WDMi/fs
i/fs
Transponder
router and optical NE
– Supports full FCAPS for
WDM i/f
– XML based
ƒ The WDM NE converts VTXP
info to its legacy information
model to the EMS
IP manager Transport manager
– Router reflected as a
transponder
p shelf
– WDM i/f reflected as a VTXP
transponder Router WDM
ƒ No change to NMS/OSS WDM i/fs
WDM i/fs
NE
WDM
WDMi/fs
i/fs

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Agenda

ƒ Considerations for an optimized IP core


ƒ What have we done so far?
ƒ Challenges
ƒ What must still be done?

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19


Data Sharing between the Layers

ƒ Sharing interface properties


Bit rate name, current state (LMP)
Value: improve OPEX
ƒ Sharing of risk group information (SRLGs) from the optical layer
Help router avoid using a shared optical resource for the working and protection
MPLS tunnels
Value: more robust FRR
ƒ Alarm correlation between the two layers
Point crafts people to the root cause of a failure, instead of receiving alarms on
multiple routers in different locations due to a single fiber cut
Value: reduce OPEX
ƒ Sharing metrics related to the cost of a lightpaths
Span distance, number of regens used..
Help routers ensure traffic uses lower cost routes; conserves high cost routes
for traffic that has no other choice
Value: save CAPEX

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Combined Action between the layers

ƒ Reconfiguration of the optical layer to alleviate


congestion on router links
Additional intelligence on router to decide where to add capacity
F ll GMPLS iin the
Full h optical
i ld domain
i with
i h WDM extensions
i
Value: save CAPEX
ƒ Combined restoration between layers
IP intelligence to ensure only high-priority traffic is protected
IP protection to protect router interfaces
DWDM protection i against
i “bulk
“b lk failures”
f il ” suchh as fiber
fib cuts
Real-time coordination between IP & DWDM
Value: save CAPEX

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Combined Operations for both Layers

ƒ One organization
ƒ One NOC
ƒ Integrated planning for both layers (see next slide)
ƒ An integrated protection strategy where each layer
protects the resources it can protect best
ƒ Value: significant CAPEX and OPEX savings

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Importance of Joint L0-L3 Planning
Example: L0 routing w/o Considering L3 resilience
L3 topology L0 topology (a) Bad Mapping
A C A X Y C

B B

ƒ If the optical team routes A-C over an optimal L0 (b) Good Mapping
route Æ mapping (a) will result
ƒ Single
Si l fib
fiber cutt results
lt iin ffailure
il off FRR
ƒ Double failure in A-B or B-C in (a)
ƒ Using a longer optical route (even extra regens)
provides lower overall cost

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23


Summary

ƒ Initial goals of IPoDWDM complete:


Integrating WDM transmitters and receivers in core routers
Reduced CAPEX/OPEX due to transponder removal
ƒ Near
N tterm opportunities
t iti :
Implementation of VTXP on DWDM systems
Enable carriers to move to IPoDWDM w/o changing operations
ƒ Medium term opportunities:
Sharing of information between routers and optical NEs
Integrated management for carriers/ enterprises that do not have a wall
ƒ Long term opportunities:
Active integration of routers and optical NEs allowing for additional
CAPEX and OPEX savings

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24


© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25

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