Assignment 2

Q.1 Non-dimensionalize with characteristic parameters T0 and L the governing equation for transient heat conduction in
a metal bar

g
∂T ∂ 2T
=k 2
∂t ∂x

un
If the ends of the bar are kept in contact with melting ice so that the boundary condition is T* = 0 at x* = 0 and T* = 0
at x* = 1 for all time t. What is the dimensionless time t*, dimensionless distance x* and the dimensionless
temperature T*?

Ke
The initial temperature distribution in the rod in non-dimensional form is
Case (a) T* = sinπx* for 0 < x* < 1
Case (b) T* = 2x* for 0 ≤ x* ≤ ½ and T* = 2(1–x*) for ½ ≤ x* ≤ 1 (optional)

Deduce the explicit and implicit finite difference approximation the dimensionless equation. For different

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dimensionless ∆x* and ∆t*, calculate the dimensionless temperature distribution in the bar. What is the maximum
∆t* for stability for explicit scheme? Table all your results.
Kw
Answer:
Given the characteristic parameters T0 and L from the problem.
Assume we select a reference time t0 arbitrarily.

By defining a dimensionless temperature as a ratio

O

T
T* =
T0

a dimensionless x coordinate as a ratio

H

x
x* =
L
and a dimensionless time as a ratio
by

t
t* =
t0

The partial derivatives can be rewritten as

ne

∂T ∂ (T0T ) T0 ∂T *
*

= = ⋅ *
∂t ∂ ( t0 t * ) t0 ∂t

∂  ∂ (T0T )  T0 ∂  ∂T *  T0 ∂ 2T *
Do

*
∂ 2T ∂  ∂T 
=   =  = ⋅  = ⋅
∂x 2 ∂x  ∂x  ∂ ( Lx* )  ∂ ( Lx* )  L2 ∂x*  ∂x*  L2 ∂x*2
 

The heat conduction PDE can be rewritten in the non-dimensional form:

T0 ∂T * kT0 ∂ 2T *
⋅ = 2 ⋅ *2
t0 ∂t * L ∂x

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 ∂T * kt0 ∂ 2T *
∴ = 2 ⋅ *2
∂t * L ∂x

L2
If choosing the reference time t0 = , the heat conduction PDE can then be normalized in the non-dimensional form as

g
k

∂T * ∂ 2T *

un
= *2
∂t * ∂x
with non-dimensional parameters
T x t kt
T* = ; x* = ; t* = = 2

Ke
T0 L t0 L

After non-dimensionalized the heat conduction PDE, the original metal bar figure and the boundary conditions can be
redrawn from T(x,t) to T*(x*,t*)
L 1
TA=0oC TB=0oC T*A*=0 T*B*=0

ok
A B A* B*
x x*
Kw
Explicit Finite Difference Approximation
1
By discretizing one-dimensional space to grid, the heat T*n+1=0
T*1=0 ...
conduction PDE can be rewritten as 1 2 3 4 n n+1
 ∂T *   ∂ 2T *  1/n
 *  =  *2 
 ∂t i , j  ∂x i , j x*
O

where x* = ( i − 1) ⋅ ∆x* and t * = j ⋅ ∆t * .

The finite-difference equation approximation of heat conduction PDE is

H

Ti *, j +1 − Ti *, j Ti *+1, j − 2Ti *, j + Ti *−1, j

=
∆t * ∆x*2
where x* = ( i − 1) ⋅ ∆x* with i = 1, 2, …, n+1
and t * = j ⋅ ∆t * with j = 1, 2, …
by

The finite-difference equation can be rewritten as

Ti *, j +1 = Ti *, j + R (Ti *+1, j − 2Ti *, j + Ti *−1, j )

ne

∆t *
where R =
∆x*2

Given the boundary condition T1,*j = Tn*+1, j = 0 for all j.

Do

If the initial condition Ti *,0 is given for all i at t* = 0, we can estimate all the grid points by equation

Ti *, j +1 = Ti *, j + R (Ti *+1, j − 2Ti *, j + Ti *−1, j )

for i = 2, 3, …, n and j = 1, 2, 3, …

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The stability limit for the explicit scheme is

∆t *
R= ≤ 0.5
∆x*2

g
∆x*2
∴ ∆t * ≤
2

un
When select ∆x* = 0.1 , the maximum ∆t* for stability for explicit scheme should be

∆x*2 0.12
∆tmax
*
= = = 0.005
2 2

Ke
Implicit Finite Difference Approximation (Crank-Nicolson Method)

By discretizing one-dimensional space to grid, the heat conduction PDE can be rewritten as

 ∂T *  1   ∂ 2T *   ∂ 2T *  
 *  =  *2  +  *2  

ok
 ∂t i , j 2  ∂x i , j +1  ∂x i , j 

The finite-difference equation approximation of heat conduction PDE is

Kw
1  (Ti +1, j +1 − 2Ti , j +1 + Ti −1, j +1 ) + (Ti +1, j − 2Ti , j + Ti −1, j ) 
* * * * * *
Ti *, j +1 − Ti *, j
=  
∆t * 2 ∆x*2 


where x* = ( i − 1) ⋅ ∆x* (i = 1, 2, …, n+1) and t * = j ⋅ ∆t * (j = 1, 2, …).

The finite-difference equation can be rewritten as

O

− RTi*−1, j +1 + ( 2 + 2 R ) Ti*, j +1 − RTi*+1, j +1 = RTi*−1, j + ( 2 − 2 R ) Ti*, j + RTi*+1, j

∆t *
where R =
∆x*2
H

The implicit finite difference equation can be written as

ATi *−1, j +1 − BTi *, j +1 + ATi *+1, j +1 = K i , j
by

∆t *
where A = R = , B = 2 R + 2 and K i , j = − RTi *−1, j + ( 2 R − 2 ) Ti *, j − RTi *+1, j
∆x*2

Given the boundary condition T1,*j = Tn*+1, j = 0 for all j.

For i = 2,
ne

AT1,* j +1 − BT2,* j +1 + AT3,* j +1 = K 2, j and K 2, j = − RT1,*j + ( 2 R − 2 ) T2,* j − RT3,* j

⇒ − BT2,* j +1 + AT3,* j +1 = K 2, j and K 2, j = ( 2 R − 2 ) T2,* j − RT3,* j
Do

For i = 3, 4, …, n–1
ATi *−1, j +1 − BTi *, j +1 + ATi *+1, j +1 = K i , j and K i , j = − RTi *−1, j + ( 2 R − 2 ) Ti *, j − RTi *+1, j

For i = n
ATn*−1, j +1 − BTn*, j +1 + ATn*+1, j +1 = K n , j and K n , j = − RTn*−1, j + ( 2 R − 2 ) Tn*, j − RTn*+1, j
⇒ ATn*−1, j +1 − BTn*, j +1 = K n, j and K n , j = − RTn*−1, j + ( 2 R − 2 ) Tn*, j

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In matrix form
−B A 0 0 " 0 0 0 0   T2,* j +1   K 2, j 
 A −B A    
 0 " 0 0 0 0   T3,* j +1   K 3, j 
 0 A −B A " 0 0 0 0   T4, j +1   K 4, j 
*

g
    
 # # # # % # # # #  #  =  # 
 0 0 0 0 " A −B A 0  Tn*− 2, j +1   K n − 2, j 

un
    
 0 0 0 0 " 0 A − B A  Tn*−1, j +1   K n −1, j 
 
 0
 0 0 0 " 0 0 A − B   Tn*, j +1   K n , j 

i.e. [M ] T*j+ 1  = K j 

Ke
 T*j+ 1  = [ M ]  K j 
−1
⇒

If the initial condition Ti *,0 is given for all i at t* = 0, we can evaluate all the grid points from the above matrix equation for
j = 1, 2, 3, …

Case (a): Initial condition T* = sinπx*

Explicit Scheme
for 0 < x* < 1

ok
Kw
∆t * 0.001
(i) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.001 , R = = = 0.1 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008

*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O

0.1 0.3090 0.3060 0.3030 0.3000 0.2971 0.2942 0.2913 0.2885 0.2856
0.2 0.5878 0.5820 0.5763 0.5707 0.5651 0.5596 0.5541 0.5487 0.5433
0.3 0.8090 0.8011 0.7933 0.7855 0.7778 0.7702 0.7626 0.7552 0.7478
H

0.4 0.9511 0.9417 0.9325 0.9234 0.9144 0.9054 0.8965 0.8878 0.8791
0.5 1.0000 0.9902 0.9805 0.9709 0.9614 0.9520 0.9427 0.9335 0.9243
0.6 0.9511 0.9417 0.9325 0.9234 0.9144 0.9054 0.8965 0.8878 0.8791
0.7 0.8090 0.8011 0.7933 0.7855 0.7778 0.7702 0.7626 0.7552 0.7478
by

0.8 0.5878 0.5820 0.5763 0.5707 0.5651 0.5596 0.5541 0.5487 0.5433
0.9 0.3090 0.3060 0.3030 0.3000 0.2971 0.2942 0.2913 0.2885 0.2856
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Explicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.001 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1
By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless 0
ne

0.9 0.04
0.08
Temperature Distribution curves of (i) are plotted as the 0.12
0.8
0.16
Figure.
*

0.2
0.7
Dimensionless Temperature T

0.6
Do

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x*

4 of 10
 ∆t * 0.005
(ii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.005 , R = = = 0.5 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
tabulated as below:

g
t* 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

un
0.1 0.3090 0.2939 0.2795 0.2658 0.2528 0.2404 0.2287 0.2175 0.2068
0.2 0.5878 0.5590 0.5317 0.5056 0.4809 0.4574 0.4350 0.4137 0.3934
0.3 0.8090 0.7694 0.7318 0.6959 0.6619 0.6295 0.5987 0.5694 0.5415
0.4 0.9511 0.9045 0.8602 0.8181 0.7781 0.7400 0.7038 0.6693 0.6366
0.5 1.0000 0.9511 0.9045 0.8602 0.8181 0.7781 0.7400 0.7038 0.6693

Ke
0.6 0.9511 0.9045 0.8602 0.8181 0.7781 0.7400 0.7038 0.6693 0.6366
0.7 0.8090 0.7694 0.7318 0.6959 0.6619 0.6295 0.5987 0.5694 0.5415
0.8 0.5878 0.5590 0.5317 0.5056 0.4809 0.4574 0.4350 0.4137 0.3934
0.9 0.3090 0.2939 0.2795 0.2658 0.2528 0.2404 0.2287 0.2175 0.2068
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ok
∆t * 0.2
(iii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.2 , R = = = 20 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
tabulated as below:
Kw
t* 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 0.3090 -0.2960 0.2835 -0.2715 0.2600 -0.2490 0.2385 -0.2284 0.2214
0.2 0.5878 -0.5629 0.5392 -0.5164 0.4945 -0.4736 0.4536 -0.4344 0.4097
0.3 0.8090 -0.7748 0.7421 -0.7107 0.6807 -0.6519 0.6244 -0.5981 0.5826
0.4 0.9511 -0.9109 0.8724 -0.8355 0.8002 -0.7664 0.7340 -0.7028 0.6634
O

0.5 1.0000 -0.9577 0.9173 -0.8785 0.8414 -0.8058 0.7718 -0.7392 0.7125
0.6 0.9511 -0.9109 0.8724 -0.8355 0.8002 -0.7664 0.7340 -0.7030 0.6777
0.7 0.8090 -0.7748 0.7421 -0.7107 0.6807 -0.6519 0.6244 -0.5978 0.5603
H

0.8 0.5878 -0.5629 0.5392 -0.5164 0.4945 -0.4736 0.4536 -0.4347 0.4308
0.9 0.3090 -0.2960 0.2835 -0.2715 0.2600 -0.2490 0.2385 -0.2283 0.2090
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
by

By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless Temperature Distribution curves of (ii) and (iii) are plotted as below
two Figures.

Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Explicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.005 and ∆ x*=0.1) Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Explicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.2 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1 1
0
ne

0.9 0.04 0.8

0.08
0.8 0.12 0.6
0.16
*
*

0.7 0.2
0.4
Dimensionless Temperature T
Dimensionless Temperature T

0
0.6 0.2 0.2
0.4
Do

0.5 0 0.6
0.8
0.4 -0.2 1

0.3 -0.4

0.2 -0.6

0.1 -0.8

0 -1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
*
Dimensionless Distance x Dimensionless Distance x*

5 of 10
Implicit Scheme

∆t * 0.001
(i) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.001 , R = = = 0.1 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12

g
tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008

un
*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 0.3090 0.3060 0.3030 0.3001 0.2972 0.2943 0.2914 0.2886 0.2857
0.2 0.5878 0.5821 0.5764 0.5708 0.5652 0.5597 0.5543 0.5489 0.5435
0.3 0.8090 0.8011 0.7933 0.7856 0.7780 0.7704 0.7629 0.7554 0.7481
0.4 0.9511 0.9418 0.9326 0.9235 0.9145 0.9056 0.8968 0.8881 0.8794

Ke
0.5 1.0000 0.9903 0.9806 0.9711 0.9616 0.9522 0.9430 0.9338 0.9247
0.6 0.9511 0.9418 0.9326 0.9235 0.9145 0.9056 0.8968 0.8881 0.8794
0.7 0.8090 0.8011 0.7933 0.7856 0.7780 0.7704 0.7629 0.7554 0.7481
0.8 0.5878 0.5821 0.5764 0.5708 0.5652 0.5597 0.5543 0.5489 0.5435
0.9 0.3090 0.3060 0.3030 0.3001 0.2972 0.2943 0.2914 0.2886 0.2857

ok
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

∆t * 0.005
(ii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.005 , R = = = 0.5 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
Kw
tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 0.3090 0.2943 0.2802 0.2668 0.2541 0.2419 0.2304 0.2194 0.2089
0.2 0.5878 0.5597 0.5330 0.5075 0.4833 0.4602 0.4382 0.4173 0.3973
0.3 0.8090 0.7704 0.7336 0.6985 0.6651 0.6334 0.6031 0.5743 0.5469
0.4 0.9511 0.9056 0.8624 0.8212 0.7819 0.7446 0.7090 0.6751 0.6429
O

0.5 1.0000 0.9522 0.9067 0.8634 0.8222 0.7829 0.7455 0.7099 0.6760
0.6 0.9511 0.9056 0.8624 0.8212 0.7819 0.7446 0.7090 0.6751 0.6429
0.7 0.8090 0.7704 0.7336 0.6985 0.6651 0.6334 0.6031 0.5743 0.5469
H

0.8 0.5878 0.5597 0.5330 0.5075 0.4833 0.4602 0.4382 0.4173 0.3973
0.9 0.3090 0.2943 0.2802 0.2668 0.2541 0.2419 0.2304 0.2194 0.2089
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless Temperature Distribution curves of (i) and (ii) are plotted as below
by

two Figures.
Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Implicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.001 and ∆ x*=0.1) Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Implicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.005 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1 1
0 0
0.9 0.04 0.9 0.04
ne

0.08 0.08
0.8 0.12 0.8 0.12
0.16 0.16
*
*

0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2

Dimensionless Temperature T
Dimensionless Temperature T

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5
Do

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x* Dimensionless Distance x*

6 of 10
 ∆t * 0.2
(iii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.2 , R = = = 20 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x *2
0.12
tabulated as below:

g
t* 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

un
0.1 0.3090 0.0033 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.2 0.5878 0.0063 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.3 0.8090 0.0086 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.4 0.9511 0.0102 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.5 1.0000 0.0107 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Ke
0.6 0.9511 0.0102 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.7 0.8090 0.0086 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.8 0.5878 0.0063 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.9 0.3090 0.0033 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ok
Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Implicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.2 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1
By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless 0.9
0
0.2
0.4
Temperature Distribution curves of (iii) are plotted as the 0.8 0.6
0.8
Dimensionless Temperature T *

0.7
Figure. 1
Kw
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1
O

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x*
H

Case (b): Initial condition T* = 2x* for 0 ≤ x* ≤ ½ and T* = 2(1–x*) for ½ ≤ x* ≤ 1

Explicit Scheme

∆t * 0.001
(i) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.001 , R = = = 0.1 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
by

tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008

*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ne

0.1 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1999 0.1999
0.2 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.3998 0.3996 0.3992 0.3986
0.3 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.5996 0.5986 0.5971 0.5950 0.5924 0.5893
0.4 0.8000 0.8000 0.7960 0.7896 0.7818 0.7732 0.7643 0.7551 0.7460
0.5 1.0000 0.9600 0.9280 0.9016 0.8792 0.8597 0.8424 0.8268 0.8125
Do

0.6 0.8000 0.8000 0.7960 0.7896 0.7818 0.7732 0.7643 0.7551 0.7460
0.7 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.5996 0.5986 0.5971 0.5950 0.5924 0.5893
0.8 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.3998 0.3996 0.3992 0.3986
0.9 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1999 0.1999
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 of 10
 ∆t * 0.005
(ii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.005 , R = = = 0.5 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
tabulated as below:

g
t* 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

un
0.1 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1875 0.1875 0.1719 0.1719
0.2 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.3750 0.3750 0.3438 0.3438 0.3125
0.3 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.5500 0.5500 0.5000 0.5000 0.4531 0.4531
0.4 0.8000 0.8000 0.7000 0.7000 0.6250 0.6250 0.5625 0.5625 0.5078
0.5 1.0000 0.8000 0.8000 0.7000 0.7000 0.6250 0.6250 0.5625 0.5625

Ke
0.6 0.8000 0.8000 0.7000 0.7000 0.6250 0.6250 0.5625 0.5625 0.5078
0.7 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.5500 0.5500 0.5000 0.5000 0.4531 0.4531
0.8 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.3750 0.3750 0.3438 0.3438 0.3125
0.9 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1875 0.1875 0.1719 0.1719
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ok
By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless Temperature Distribution curves of (i) and (ii) are plotted as below
two Figures.

Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Explicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.001 and ∆ x*=0.1) Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Explicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.005 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1 1
Kw
0 0
0.9 0.04 0.9 0.04
0.08 0.08
0.8 0.12 0.8 0.12
0.16 0.16
Dimensionless Temperature T *

Dimensionless Temperature T *

0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4
O

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1
H

0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x* Dimensionless Distance x*

∆t * 0.01
by

(iii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.01 , R = = = 1 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ne

0.1 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 -0.2000 1.8000 -6.2000 21.8000
0.2 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.0000 1.6000 -4.4000 15.6000 -48.4000
0.3 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.2000 1.4000 -2.6000 9.4000 -26.6000 79.8000
0.4 0.8000 0.8000 0.4000 1.2000 -1.2000 5.2000 -12.8000 37.6000 -105.2000
Do

0.5 1.0000 0.6000 1.0000 -0.2000 2.6000 -5.0000 15.4000 -41.0000 116.2000
0.6 0.8000 0.8000 0.4000 1.2000 -1.2000 5.2000 -12.8000 37.6000 -105.2000
0.7 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000 0.2000 1.4000 -2.6000 9.4000 -26.6000 79.8000
0.8 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.0000 1.6000 -4.4000 15.6000 -48.4000
0.9 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 -0.2000 1.8000 -6.2000 21.8000
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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 Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Explicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.01 and ∆ x*=0.1)
By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless 3
0
Temperature Distribution curves of (iii) are plotted as the 2.5 0.01
0.02
0.03
Figure. 2 0.04

Dimensionless Temperature T *

g
1.5

un
0.5

-0.5

-1

Ke
-1.5
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x*

Implicit Scheme

∆t * 0.001

ok
(i) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.001 , R = = = 0.1 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008

Kw
x* 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1999 0.1999 0.1998 0.1997
0.2 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.3999 0.3998 0.3995 0.3991 0.3985 0.3978
0.3 0.6000 0.5999 0.5996 0.5988 0.5976 0.5958 0.5936 0.5910 0.5880
0.4 0.8000 0.7983 0.7939 0.7877 0.7803 0.7722 0.7637 0.7550 0.7462
0.5 1.0000 0.9635 0.9331 0.9072 0.8848 0.8651 0.8474 0.8314 0.8167
0.6 0.8000 0.7983 0.7939 0.7877 0.7803 0.7722 0.7637 0.7550 0.7462
O

0.7 0.6000 0.5999 0.5996 0.5988 0.5976 0.5958 0.5936 0.5910 0.5880
0.8 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.3999 0.3998 0.3995 0.3991 0.3985 0.3978
0.9 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1999 0.1999 0.1998 0.1997
H

1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

∆t * 0.005
(ii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.005 , R = = = 0.5 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
by

tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ne

0.1 0.2000 0.1999 0.1992 0.1971 0.1934 0.1882 0.1819 0.1751 0.1680
0.2 0.4000 0.3993 0.3959 0.3885 0.3776 0.3647 0.3506 0.3361 0.3215
0.3 0.6000 0.5958 0.5820 0.5608 0.5375 0.5138 0.4904 0.4677 0.4459
0.4 0.8000 0.7757 0.7293 0.6873 0.6497 0.6156 0.5841 0.5548 0.5274
0.5 1.0000 0.8586 0.7879 0.7348 0.6906 0.6520 0.6172 0.5854 0.5559
Do

0.6 0.8000 0.7757 0.7293 0.6873 0.6497 0.6156 0.5841 0.5548 0.5274
0.7 0.6000 0.5958 0.5820 0.5608 0.5375 0.5138 0.4904 0.4677 0.4459
0.8 0.4000 0.3993 0.3959 0.3885 0.3776 0.3647 0.3506 0.3361 0.3215
0.9 0.2000 0.1999 0.1992 0.1971 0.1934 0.1882 0.1819 0.1751 0.1680
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless Temperature Distribution curves of (i) and (ii) are plotted as below
two Figures.
Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Implicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.001 and ∆ x*=0.1) Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Implicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.005 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1 1
0 0

g
0.9 0.04 0.9 0.04
0.08 0.08
0.8 0.12 0.8 0.12
0.16 0.16

un
Dimensionless Temperature T *
Dimensionless Temperature T *

0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.3

Ke
0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x *
Dimensionless Distance x*

ok
∆t * 0.01
(iii) When select ∆x* = 0.1 and ∆t * = 0.01 , R = = = 1 . The calculated results are found from Excel and
∆x*2 0.12
Kw
tabulated as below:

t* 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

*
x 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 0.2000 0.1989 0.1936 0.1826 0.1683 0.1538 0.1399 0.1270 0.1153
0.2 0.4000 0.3956 0.3789 0.3515 0.3218 0.2932 0.2664 0.2418 0.2193
0.3 0.6000 0.5834 0.5397 0.4902 0.4461 0.4047 0.3672 0.3330 0.3019
O

0.4 0.8000 0.7381 0.6461 0.5843 0.5267 0.4770 0.4321 0.3916 0.3550
0.5 1.0000 0.7691 0.6921 0.6152 0.5555 0.5019 0.4546 0.4119 0.3733
0.6 0.8000 0.7381 0.6461 0.5843 0.5267 0.4770 0.4321 0.3916 0.3550
H

0.7 0.6000 0.5834 0.5397 0.4902 0.4461 0.4047 0.3672 0.3330 0.3019
0.8 0.4000 0.3956 0.3789 0.3515 0.3218 0.2932 0.2664 0.2418 0.2193
0.9 0.2000 0.1989 0.1936 0.1826 0.1683 0.1538 0.1399 0.1270 0.1153
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
by

By using Matlab, the corresponding Dimensionless Dimensionless Temperature Distribution (Implicit Scheme with ∆ t*=0.01 and ∆ x*=0.1)
1
Temperature Distribution curves of (iii) are plotted as the 0.9
0
0.01
0.02
Figure. 0.8 0.03
0.04
Dimensionless Temperature T *
ne

0.7 0.05

0.6

0.5

0.4
Do

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Dimensionless Distance x*

10 of 10