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Math 9- Quadrilaterals
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Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is a closed plane figure bounded by
four line segments. For example, the figure ABCD
shown here is a quadrilateral.

4. Rhombus
- All sides are equal and opposite sides are parallel.
- Opposite angles are equal.
- The diagonals bisect each other at right angles.

Quadrilateral ABCD has two diagonals in AC and

BD.

A line segment drawn from one vertex of a

quadrilateral to the opposite vertex is called a
diagonal of the quadrilateral. For example, AC is a
diagonal of quadrilateral ABCD, and so is BD.
5. Trapezium
- A trapezium has one pair of opposite sides
Types of Quadrilaterals and their Properties parallel.
There are six basic types of quadrilaterals: - A regular trapezium has non-parallel sides equal
and its base angles are equal, as shown in the
1. Rectangle following diagram.
- Opposite sides are parallel and equal.
- All angles are 90º.
- The diagonals bisect each other.

2. Square
- Opposite sides are parallel and all sides are 6. Kite
equal. - Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
- All angles are 90º. - One pair of opposite angles is equal.
- Diagonals bisect each other at right angles. - Diagonals intersect at right angles.
- The longest diagonal bisects the shortest diagonal
into two equal parts.

3. Parallelogram
- Opposite sides are parallel and equal.
- Opposite angles are equal.
- Diagonals bisect each other.
Theorem 3
Prove that the angle sum of a quadrilateral is equal to 360º.
Proof:

A diagonal AC divides the quadrilateral ABCD into two triangles. q and v are two angles in triangle ACD and p
and u are two angles in ABC.

In triangle ABC, p + u + B = 180 degrees {Angle sum of triangle} ...(1).

In triangle ACD, q + v + D = 180 degrees {Angle sum of triangle} ...(2).
Adding (1) and (2) gives
(p + q) + (u + v) + B + D = 360
degrees so we find A + B + C + D = 360 degrees.

Hence the angle sum of a quadrilateral is 360º.

Applying Properties of Angles in Quadrilaterals

The theorems we have proved can be used to prove other theorems. They can also be used to find the values
of the pronumerals in a problem.

1. Find the value of the pronumeral x in the accompanying diagram. Give reasons for your answer.

2. Find the value of each of the pronumerals in the kite shown here. Give reasons for your answers.

3. Find the value of each of the pronumerals in the accompanying diagram. Give reasons for your answers.
4. Find the value of the pronumeral in the accompanying diagram. Give reasons for your answer.

5. Find the value of each of the pronumerals in the accompanying diagram. Give reasons for your answers.

6. Find the value of the pronumeral in the accompanying diagram. Give reasons for your answer.

A rhombus has sides of 17 cm and half of a diagonal of length 8 cm and half of the other diagonal of length x
cm.

Key Terms
quadrilateral, diagonal of a quadrilateral, rectangle, square, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium,