Script

ABDUL MUEED LINES

Do you know how we get the information of whole world by watching Television in the House?
When we go on the journey and forget the route to the destination then how the internet helps
us to get on the destination, Do you Know?
The prediction of weather we get from NEWS, do you know how we get this information
The answer of all questions lies in the artificial satellite which helps us
So is the artificial satellite is much more important and how I t looks like?
Is the earth where we live is also a satellite or not we find the answer of this question in this
video
My name is Abdul Mueed . Zeeshan Ahmad and Bakhtiar Hakeem from Aero 15 and we came
with the topic of INTRODUCTION OF SATELLITE SYSTEMS and Subsystems
Definition of satellite

A satellite system is a set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit around a planetary

mass object or minor planet.

So our Earth is also A satellite which revolve around the sun and the other planets also
revolves around the sun
Satellites are of two types
Natural Satellite
Artificial Satellite
ZEESHAN TURN
Artificial satellites are human-built objects orbiting the Earth and other planets in the
Solar System.
Artificial satellites are used to study the Earth, other planets, to help us communicate,
and even to observe the distant Universe. Satellites can even have people in them, like
the International Space Station and the Space Shuttle.
The first artificial satellite was the Soviet Sputnik 1 mission, launched in 1957. Since
then, dozens of countries have launched satellites, with more than 3,000 currently
operating spacecraft going around the Earth Due to specific mission the satellite
launched in the different orbits
There are many satellite that are used for many purposes but the main artificial
satellites are using is

 Communication satellites are satellites stationed in space for the purpose

of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites typically use geosynchronous
orbits, Molniya orbits or Low Earth orbits.
geosynchronous orbit. In which the a satellite
takes 24 hours to orbit the Earth; the same amount of time it takes the Earth to rotate once on its
axis. allowing for communications and television broadcasts.as we mention of satellite at the
start, another orbit is low-Earth orbit, where a satellite might only be a few hundred kilometers
above the planet. This puts the satellite outside the Earth’s atmosphere, but still close enough that
it can image the planet’s surface from space or facilitate communications

 Astronomical satellites are satellites used for observation of distant planets, galaxies, and
other outer space objects.
 Biosatellites are satellites designed to carry living organisms, generally for scientific
experimentation.
 Earth observation satellites are satellites intended for non-military uses such
as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. (See especially Earth Observing
System.)
 Navigational satellites are satellites which use radio time signals transmitted to enable
mobile receivers on the ground to determine their exact location. allows satellite navigation
systems to measure location to accuracies on the order of a few meters in real time.

 Weather satellites are primarily used to monitor Earth's weather and climate.

BAKHTIAR HAKEEM TURN

Now we talk about the satellite subsystem and how many things are associated with the the
satellite and their purposes
There area two major parts of satellite subsystem
First one is payload
And other one is Bus
In the payload is what the mission of 30 % of mass and the bus contain the 70% of mass of
mission
In the Bus Segments there are othe subsegments

 Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem

 Gauidence and Navigation and Control Subsystem
 Propulsion Subsystem
 Electrical Power Subsystem
 Structure Subsystem
 Communication Subsystem
 Commanding and Data Handling Subsystem

we're going to cover spacecraft subsystems the spacecraft can be divided into two major parts
the payload and the bus the payload is what does the mission it's why we are going into space
in the bus it's all the parts that support the mission generally the payload takes up
approximately 30% of the total spacecraft mass budget and the rest of the subsystems or the
bus is the remaining 70% when designing spacecraft
we start with payload sizing we determine the size weight and power and swap requirements
for the payload then we can estimate the SWaP for the spacecraft as a whole this process is
very iterative starting with the payload are the mission first we answer the question why are we
going into space for examples of submission areas or payload types,

once the payload is determined we can move to all the supporting subsystems the first
subsystem we are going to look at is the attitude determination and control subsystem or
simply refer to as ADACS the purpose of this subsystem is to control and monitor the rotation
of the spacecraft this subsystem answers the questions where am i pointing where do I want to
point and how do I maneuver the spacecraft to point there this subsystem is comprised of
several components the first major component is the controller or the computer that receives
the commanded or programmed inputs for the desired direction to point the next major
components are the instruments that aid the spacecraft to move or rotate so it can point in the
desired direction such instruments are reaction wheels thrusters and magnetic talkers
the last major component of this subsystem are the sensors allow the satellites orientate to be
measured these sensors enable the satellite operator to determine the orientation of the
satellite answering the questions of where is appointing and eventually answers is the satellite
pointed in the desired direction examples of such sensors are Earth Sun and star sensors
gyroscopes and accelerometers and position navigation and timing are PNT sensors after that
we move to the guidance navigation and control subsystem or GNC the purpose of the GNC is
to control or maintain the orbit of the spacecraft and to move into a desired orbit just answer
the question where is the spacecraft the propulsion subsystem which is described next is the
primary actuator for the guidance navigation and control subsystem the propulsion subsystem
is a spacecraft to move into a desired orbit or maintains the satellite in its current orbit and
perform station-keeping operations such as firing a thruster to help maintain orbital altitude to
overcome atmospheric drag ,
however propulsion subsystems are made up by thrusters propellant tanks and the plumbing
which connects the tanks to the thrusters

after propulsion we move to the electrical power subsystem or EPS the

electrical power subsystem is responsible for the generation storage and providing
electrical power for the entire spacecraft most satellites use solar arrays to generate and
provide electrical power to the spacecraft solar arrays are also providing power to the batteries
for storage so when the satellite is not in view of the Sun batteries are used to provide
spacecraft power during this time of eclipse again just as with there is a computer or more
specifically a power management and distribution OR POWER system is responsible for
allocating power in the correct voltages and current to the rest of the satellite
Structural subsystem[edit]
The structural subsystem provides the mechanical base structure with adequate stiffness to
withstand stress and vibrations experienced during launch, maintain structural integrity and stability
while on station in orbit, and shields the satellite from extreme temperature changes and micro-
meteorite damage.
for structural
every subsystem is attached to this subsystem payload included the size of the structure is
dependent upon the payload its requirements and the launch vehicle the satellite will ride to
get into orbit structure sizes can range from the small size can to size of a large bus many
satellite manufacturers have a standard structure for varying mission needs the next subsystem
is the communications subsystem this subsystem allows the ground to send
commands to the satellite and disseminate information such as satellite position and payload
guided to the ground this subsystem is proudly made up of transmitters receivers and antennas
it is important to note that communications can be the mission of the spacecraft but most
spacecraft need to receive commands and send telemetry
the last subsystem we will cover is the commanding and data handling subsystem this
subsystem is the brains at the spacecraft it manages stores and controls all ground commands
payload data and telemetry turn all phases of the spacecraft mission to do all this commanding
and data handling this subsystem is comprised of several elements the first element is the CPU
it works like a typical computer but is hardened to operate in the space environment the next
element is memory the memory stores the operating system program applications status of
health telemetry and payload data after the memory element are the links that connect our
interface with the sensors

Thermal control subsystem[edit]

Main article: Spacecraft thermal control
The thermal control subsystem helps protect electronic equipment from extreme temperatures due
to intense sunlight or the lack of sun exposure on different sides of the satellite's body (e.g. optical
solar reflector)

Ending
Hope this was informative to you, the future belongs to the curious , the one who are not afraid
to try it explore it , question it , and turn it inside out , so stay curious and keep exploring .
Thank you for your time