Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter will give highlight to the past information and researches that are related to

the study. The chapter also introduces historical backgrounds for further clarification of the study.

Related Literature

Related Studies

A study researched by Klett, C. J. (2016) focusing on how Performance of high school

students is related on the Edwards personal preference schedule, collected the normative data of

a high school population in the course of investigating performance on Edwards Personal

Preference Schedule. The researcher gathered the function of IQ, grade, sex, and differential social

class membership to find the relationship on how it affects the performance of a student in those

various groups.

The similarity of his study in this study, both researcher looked for independent variables

that may affect the performance of a student in a class. In contrast, his study used other variables

and have different type of population used in the study.

In the recent study of Reardon et al. (2014) on The effect of four different class schedule

formats on students' earned grades, expected grades and evaluations of teaching, the study

evaluated the difference of earned grades of students compared to expected grades based on four

different class schedule. The researcher grouped the students into two groups with different time
schedule. After the experiment, two groups gave their evaluation on the instructors and the

researcher collected the scores of students and compared to the expected value.

Parallel to his study, researchers gathered data on how schedule affects the scored scores

of students. In opposition of this study, the researcher gathered information will be compared

directly between the two groups to get the desired data.

A research worked by Kolchakov K.(2012) sought the Approach for performance

improvement of class of algorithms for synthesis of non-conflict schedule in the switch nodes. The

results provided the improvement of class algorithms to non-conflict schedule by eliminating of

nil solutions. The researcher investigated the performance algorithm by using a software models

and special input matrixes.

Complementary to that study, performance of class is carefully investigated and evaluated

but contrarily that study used special device to investigate the class performance and eliminate nil

solutions that effects performance.

The latter research study of Amy R Wolfson I.,Mary A Carskadon (2003) examine the

Understanding adolescent's sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal. The

researcher assessed the relation of sleep patterns, sleep quality, and school performance of

adolescents attending middle school, and college. The researcher specifically looked at certain

variables to get the desired results. The findings resolutely indicated that shortened total time of

sleep/wake schedules are directly correlated to poor academic performance throughout the year

levels.
 The studies are similar on the topic that is being researched but had difference between the

population used and this study focuses on specialized subjects.

The recent study of Dewald J., et al. (2010) discussed The influence of sleep quality, sleep

duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents. The researcher used

a set of variable such as; gender, age, and parameter assessment, and examined separated groups

to find the relation of learning memory and school performance of adolescent to insufficient sleep,

poor sleep quality and sleepiness. The result showed that all variables related to sleep has influence

to school performance of adolescence.

This study is similar to study tackled on how sleep schedule correlated on academic

performance but in contrary the study of Dewald J. focuses on the variables only related to sleep

patterns.

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It is used

to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture

something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply. The conceptual framework

shows how academic performance is being correlated by independent variables.

Independent Dependent

Class Schedule Academic Performance

A.M Mathematics

P.M Science

English