Architecture 324

Structures II

Steel Column
y and Design
Analysis g

• Failure Modes
• Effects of Slenderness
• Stress Analysis of Steel Columns
• Capacity Analysis of Steel Columns
• Design of Steel Columns

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 1/14

Analysis of Steel Columns

Affect of Slenderness:
KL
slenderness 
r
• Short columns crush
• Intermediate columns crush
& buckle
• Long columns buckle

Slenderness Limits:
2 2 E
• M
Max short
h t & intermediate
i t di t Cc 
Fy
limit

• Max
M long
l lilimit
it 200
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 2/14
Analysis of Steel Columns

Estimate of K:

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 3/14

Analysis of Steel Columns

Short & Intermediate Columns:

 ( Kl / r ) 2 
1  2C 2  Fy
Fa   c 
5 3( Kl / r ) Kl / r 
3
 
3 8Cc 8Cc3

Long Columns:

12 2 E
Fa 
23Kl / r 
2

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 4/14

Analysis of Steel Columns
pass /fail by ASD
Data:
• Column – size, length
• Support conditions
• Material properties – Fy
• Applied load - Pactual

Required:
• factual < Fallowable to pass

1. Calculate slenderness ratios.

The largest ratio governs.  ( Kl / r ) 2 
1  2C 2  Fy
2.
2 Check slenderness ratio against upper limit of 200 Fa   c 
5 3( Kl / r ) Kl / r 
3

3. Calculate Cc and determine column type (sort or long)   3

3 8Cc 8Cc
4. Calulate Fa based on slenderness
or
5
5. Determine act
actual
al stress f = P/A
6. If fa < Fa , then OK 12 2 E
Fa 
23Kl / r 
2

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 5/14

Analysis of Steel
Columns
pass /fail by ASD
Data:
• Column – size, length
• Support conditions
• Material properties – Fy
• Applied load - Pactual

Required:
• factual < Fallowable to pass

1. Calculate slenderness ratios.

The largest ratio governs.
governs
2. Check slenderness ratio against
upper limit of 200
3
3. Calculate Cc and determine
column type (sort or long)

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 6/14

Analysis of Steel
Columns
pass /fail by ASD

3. Calculate Cc and determine

column type (sort or long)

4. Calulate Fa based on
slenderness

5
5. D t
Determine
i actual
t l stress
t f = P/A

6. If fa < Fa , then OK

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 7/14

Analysis of Steel Columns

capacity by ASD
Data:
• Column – size, length
• Support conditions
• Material properties – Fy

Required:
• Max load capacity

1. Calculate slenderness ratios.

The largest ratio governs.  ( Kl / r ) 2 
1  2C 2  Fy
2. g
Check slenderness ratio against pp limit of 200
upper Fa   c 
5 3( Kl / r ) Kl / r 
3
3. Calculate Cc and determine column type (sort or long)   3
3 8Cc 8Cc
4. Calulate Fa based on slenderness
5
5. Set fa = Fa or
6. Compute allowable capacity: Pallowable = Fallow A 12 2 E
Fa 
23Kl / r 
2

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 8/14

Stress Tables

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 9/14

Analysis of Steel Columns

b AISC
by AISC-ASD
ASD
Data:
• C l
Column – size,
i llength
th
• Support conditions
• Material properties – Fy
• Applied load - Pactual

Required:
• Pactual < Pallowable

1. Calculate slenderness ratios.

largest ratio governs.
2
2. In AISC Table look up Fa for given
slenderness ratio.
3. Compute: Pallowable = Fa A.
4. Check column adequacy:q y
Pactual < Pallowable
5. Note: Factor of Safety varies from 1.67
for Kl/r = 1 up to 1.92 for larger Kl/r

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 10/14

Design of Steel Columns
with
ith AISC
AISC-ASD
ASD T Tables
bl

Data:
• Column – length
• Support conditions
• Material properties – Fy
• A li d load
Applied l d - Pactual

Required:
• Column Size

1. Enter table with height.

2. Read allowable load for each section to
find the smallest adequate size.
3. Tables assume weak axis buckling. If
the strong axis controls the length must
be divide by the ratio rx/ry
4. Values stop in table (black line) at
slenderness limit, KL/r = 200

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 11/14

Design of Steel Columns

by ASD
Data:
• Column – length
• Support conditions
• Material properties – Fy
• Applied load - Pactual

Required:
• Column – section

1. Use the Euler equation to solve for I for both x and

y axis.
2. g
Enter the section tables and find the least weight P( K x l x ) 2 23
Ix  
section that satisfies BOTH Ix and Iy.  2E 12
3. Check the slenderness ratios are both < 200.
4. Analyze the selected section to check pass/fail.
5. Check utilization ratio: fa/Fa P( K y l y ) 2 23
Iy  
if ratio > 1.0 (fails) try larger section  E2
12
if ratio < 0
0.9
9~0
0.7
7 try smaller section

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 12/14

Determining K factors
b AISC
by
Sidesway Inhibited:
Braced frame
f
1.0 > K > 0.5

Sidesway Uninhibited:
Un-braced frame
unstable > K > 1.0

If Ic/Lc is large
and Ig/Lg is small
The connection is more pinned

If Ic/Lc is small
and Ig/Lg
g g is large
g
The connection is more fixed

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 13/14

Steel Frame Construction

University of Michigan – North Quad

University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 14/14