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Four-step curriculum models seemed to miss the context of curriculum

Nicholls Cyclical Model of Curriculum


 Developed by Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls
 Emphasizes cyclical nature of curriculum development
o Depicts a flexible process whereby the curriculum worker can start
from any point to develop the curriculum
 Prescriptive and dynamic
 Five-step approach
o Situational analysis
 Crucial component of the curriculum development process
 It enables the curriculum workers understand better the
context in which the curriculum is developed
 Curriculum workers will be able to collect data and the
needed information from various curriculum sources
and influences that are prerequisites in formulating
curriculum goals and objectives
 This makes is possible for the curriculum to be more
relevant and responsive to the needs of the students
and the school
 Diagnosis of all the factors and issues involved in curriculum
planning and development
 Finding out the context in which a curriculum is designed
 Studying the environment in which a curriculum is going
to be done
 Study of the learners
 Presents curriculum development as a continuous and on-going process

1. Situational analysis
2. Selection of objectives
3. Selection of content
a. In four step-approach, the term used is learning experiences to
qualify the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values presented in the
curriculum for learners to imbibe, Nicholls and Nicholls call it content
4. Methods
a. Arrangement of curriculum materials to be presented to the learners
b. Observing principles of effective organization which include
sequencing, integration, continuity and scope
c. In the four-step approach, it is called the organization of learning
experiences
5. Evaluation

Disadvantages
 Time-consuming
o continuous revision
 situational analysis is difficult
o too broad
o too many factors to be considered
 too much flexibility
Advantages
 situational analysis provides the context of the curriculum
o model provides a theory that fits more situations
 interdependent curricular elements
 flexible
 opportunity to revisit and reform
Sources:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Grace_Offorma/publication/280554159_A
PPROACHES_TO_CURRICULUM_DEVELOPMENT/links/55b8bbbc08aed621de072c
b9/APPROACHES-TO-CURRICULUM-DEVELOPMENT.pdf
https://nicaelasaguinsinblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/02/11-08-17-cyclical-and-
dynamic-curriculum/
Nicholls and Nicholls’ Cyclical Model
 Developed by Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls
 Emphasizes cyclical nature of curriculum development
 Prescriptive and dynamic
 Five-step approach
 Nicholls and Nicholls’ Cyclical Model
Situation
Analysis

Selection of
Evaluation
Objectives

Selection and Selection and


Organization of Organization of
Methods Content

Situational analysis
 crucial component of the curriculum development process
 enables the curriculum developers to understand the context in which the
curriculum is developed
 makes curriculum responsive to the needs of students

Disadvantages
 Time-consuming
 Situational analysis is difficult
 Too much flexibility
Advantages
 situational analysis provides the context of the curriculum
 interdependent curricular elements
 flexible
 gives opportunity to revisit and reform

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