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1. Situational analysis
2. Selection of objectives
3. Selection of content
a. In four step-approach, the term used is learning experiences to
qualify the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values presented in the
curriculum for learners to imbibe, Nicholls and Nicholls call it content
4. Methods
a. Arrangement of curriculum materials to be presented to the learners
b. Observing principles of effective organization which include
sequencing, integration, continuity and scope
c. In the four-step approach, it is called the organization of learning
experiences
5. Evaluation
Disadvantages
Time-consuming
o continuous revision
situational analysis is difficult
o too broad
o too many factors to be considered
too much flexibility
Advantages
situational analysis provides the context of the curriculum
o model provides a theory that fits more situations
interdependent curricular elements
flexible
opportunity to revisit and reform
Sources:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Grace_Offorma/publication/280554159_A
PPROACHES_TO_CURRICULUM_DEVELOPMENT/links/55b8bbbc08aed621de072c
b9/APPROACHES-TO-CURRICULUM-DEVELOPMENT.pdf
https://nicaelasaguinsinblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/02/11-08-17-cyclical-and-
dynamic-curriculum/
Nicholls and Nicholls’ Cyclical Model
Developed by Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls
Emphasizes cyclical nature of curriculum development
Prescriptive and dynamic
Five-step approach
Nicholls and Nicholls’ Cyclical Model
Situation
Analysis
Selection of
Evaluation
Objectives
Situational analysis
crucial component of the curriculum development process
enables the curriculum developers to understand the context in which the
curriculum is developed
makes curriculum responsive to the needs of students
Disadvantages
Time-consuming
Situational analysis is difficult
Too much flexibility
Advantages
situational analysis provides the context of the curriculum
interdependent curricular elements
flexible
gives opportunity to revisit and reform