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ANIMATION: IT’S IMPACT ON STUDENTS’

LEARNING RETENTION IN ENRTREPRENEURAL COMPETENCIES

A Quantitative Research

Presented to the Faculty of College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

DE LA SALLE ARANETA UNIVERSITY

Victoneta Ave., Malabon City, Metro Manila

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Abdon, Aliyah Alexis H.

Bohol, Edwin John B.
Cayno, Mariko S.
Dumlao, Dewayne S.
Ruiz, Sofia Delle C.
Vargas, Janine Kyla L.

Grade 12- ARTS1

Eric M. Masela, LPT, M.A.Ed

Research Adviser
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Table of Contents

Page

TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................. [1]

TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................[2-3]

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ [4]

CHAPTER

1 Introduction

Introduction ..................................................................................................... [5]

Background of the study ................................................................................. [5]

Statement of the Problem ................................................................................ [6]

Significance of the Study .............................................................................[6-7]

Scope and Limitations..................................................................................... [7]

2 Review of the Related Literature and Conceptual Framework

Related Literature.......................................................................................[8-12]

Theoretical Framework ............................................................................[12-13]

Conceptual Framework ................................................................................. [13]

Research Hypothesis ..................................................................................... [13]

Definition of Terms....................................................................................... [14]

3 Methodology

Research Design.......................................................................................[15-16]
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The Sample ................................................................................................... [17]

Instruments .................................................................................................... [17]

Data Collection Procedure ............................................................................ [17]

Data Analysis ................................................................................................ [18]

4 Presentation and Analysis of Data

Presentation and Analysis of Data ..........................................................[19-21]

5 Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusion .................................................................................................... [22]

Recommendation .....................................................................................[22-23]

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... [24]

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Abstract

Animation is a dynamic representation that can be used to make change and

complex processes explicit to the learner. Series studies have shown that in learning, using

animation can further enhanced the understanding of complex concepts and systems

compared with traditional learning environments that concentrate on verbal explanation. It

supports a creation of mental representations of phenomena, promoting better

understanding. On the other hand, several studies showed that animation-based learning

has no significant advantage over static pictures or traditional way of teaching. Other

studies also have shown that giving learners control over an animation and cooperative

learning can increase the effect of animation-based learning environments. The research

will mainly focus on animation on its impact on students learning retention in

entrepreneurial competencies. It is also limited only to the use of animation and the

traditional way of teaching. The significance of this research is to determine and study the

effective of animation in students learning retention, and further enhance the knowledge of

students, teachers and professionals in conducting this research related to this.

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting. It includes the

background of the study, the statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope

and delimitation of the study.

Background of the Study

Animation refers to the process of designing, drawing, putting all the layouts

together, and preparing one’s self for aligned photo and drawing sequences. it gives the life

to the characters and elements which help to communicate the audience in a effective

manner. Animation has deeply connected with us since childhood is because it allows you

to draw an imaginary land of wonders, they might be unrealistic, but these are the events

that remain in the brain for years, according Mayer and Moreno.

Agriculture refers to the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to

provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life,

according to Harris et. al (2014). It provides employment opportunities for rural peoples

on a large scale in under developed and developing countries. Agriculture provides raw

materials to many industries which form the backbone of the nation. Most importantly, it

helps a nation to strive by providing food and other agrarian products. Agriculture plays a

large role in Filipino’s everyday life; after all, it is their main source of livelihood in the

Philippines. The researchers linked the subject to De La Salle Araneta University’s

specialty to determine the weak and strong points easily. With that, the researchers have
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come up with the idea to exert the field of arts with teaching and learning, using it to spark

and maintain the student’s interest.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to answer these following questions:

1. Does Animation enhances the learning retention of students in entrepreneurial

competencies?

2. Is there a significant difference in the learning retention of students prior the use of

animation?

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study would benefit certain groups of the following:

Students – this study may serve as a guide and reference for the students undertaking the

agricultural studies.

Professors – this research will aid them their discussions regarding related agricultural

lessons, making it more convenient for them to tackle related topics about this research.

Future Researchers – this research would make a useful reference for the researchers who

would plan to pursue any related study precisely the standard underlying the agricultural

study program.

Agriculturist – this research will help agriculturists to assist their farmers in production of

agricultural goods and to optimize their agriculture operations by providing support in their

roles.

Country – this research will be important and useful to develop the country.
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Overall, this research study will aid grade 10 students of DLSAU itself: the students, the

professors and future researchers in giving a standard and synchronized way of making

their work accessible.

Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the impact of using animation in the student’s academic

performance in farm management, covering the topic of, “Entrepreneurial Competencies.”

The participants on this research were 20 students in De La Salle Araneta University from

sections Br. Arkaduis and Br. Flavius. The 20 students were divided into two groups; the

experimental group and the controlled group with 10 participants each.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter of the paper presents the review of related literature, the conceptual

framework, the research hypotheses, and the definition of terms.

Related Literature

Animation is a form of art that helps people to visualize easily. In accordance to

Mayer and Moreno (2002), Animation is the term for simulated motion pictures portraying

movement of illustrated objects, it is usually used at schools to show huge changes in a

certain amount of time and location, and to depict phenomena or concepts that are

complicated and couldn’tbeeasilyvisualize. Another researcher, Lowe (2004) said that,

animation has the prospective to help both affective function and cognitive function.

Affective function mentions the portraying things in a humorous, spectacular, or bizarre

ways to the learners while cognitive function mentions to clear presentation of dynamic

matters to the learners.

Today's generation has widened the capability of technology. Animated shows can

be seen in every channel shown by the cable stations in the television. Animation became

very in demand these days since it is entertaining and modern. According to Robert

Wagner, “In theatrical television, education and industrial film production, the skill and

imagination of professional animation are becoming more valued because of the

knowledge explosion and consequent need for the economy and factual expression,
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compression of time and space for the necessity of dramatizing and simplifying complex

ideas and concepts." (Theodore Alexander et al, 1996)

Animation in the Philippines has not yet been completely exploited for television

or the local films and they are restricted mainly to commercials encouraging products.

(Talavera, 1996) According to Nelson Udaundo (1996), the problems were faced by the

animation studios in the Philippines are the artificially created shortage of work. This may

be due to the low cost of production in Vietnam and China due to the availability of cheap

labor. He says, the time is ripe for Filipinos to start work on animation for local

consumption. The study shows that animation is a popular medium of entertainment among

children as well as adults, local TV stations should look into the possibility of assigning

local animators for a series of local heroes or books to create alternative cartoon programs

for the improvement of the country specially to introduce social patterns and cultural values

which build or intensify Filipino cultural identity.

Animation is said to be becoming more commonly used in learning, accompanied

with computers. Numerous animations had been or are currently being made for the

purpose of professional teaching and discipline. May it be moving animations, simulations;

animation has helped further a student’slearningpractice. In accordance to Xiao (2013),

there are three types of animation in a classroom, “Expositive”, where viewers watch an

animated video on screen, “Interactive” where the learners are given options to interact,

and lastly, “Quizzes” wherein the students are tested. The concepts of the animation had

an advantage of distributing a better representation. Subjects like chemistry and computer

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science are currently utilizing the animation to illustrate their course content. some claims

regarding the advantage of applying the animation over the traditional paper based on

explanation. (Isabel Hwang et al, 2012)

Media is a visual aid used to understand information. Learners can develop their

conceptual understanding as well as their cognitive process of thinking with the help of

animation. It can enhance the learning of a student because animation does not only feature

visuals, but also boosts their auditory skills when a video was played with sounds,

convincing the learners to listen. It caters visual and aural learning that will encourage

teachers to educate and entertain the pupils at the same time. The target of the visual

animation is to teach the audience without getting fed up by the usual teaching style which

is directing and discussing (Allela, 2013).

Meanwhile, agriculture is essential to our country and daily life for it is a practice

of farming. The universal term in a way that crops, plants and animals support the human

population by being the source of food and consumable products (Harris et. al 2014). It

derives from two Latin words, one being “ager” or “agri” which means field and “colo”

which means cultivation in English. In order to make agriculture essential to everyone,

agricultural education is a must. Barick (1988) explained that agricultural education is “the

scientific study of the principles and methods of teaching and learning as they pertain to

agriculture”, wherein he observed the discipline and evolution of agricultural education,

stating that agricultural education originated in agriculture and education, and that it grew

out biological sciences. He also mentioned that it’s also applicable to psychological and
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sociological theories.

Agricultural is essential for the Philippines is an agricultural country despite the

original plan to turn it into an industrialized country. Agricultural education is highly

important to those who want to pursue teaching about farming, other than that, it would be

essential for people to have a basic knowledge about it. The NCA-24 Committee (1987)

referred to agricultural education as “the processes of education applied to the body of

knowledge generally defined as agriculture.” They also mentioned that it needs an

assessment, teaching approaches, both formal and informal, curriculum and program

development, instructional and program delivery approaches, application of educational

technology, programs and instructional evaluation, appropriateness of education, policy

issues related to agricultural education, institutional organization, and management of

institutions in agriculture in domestic and international settings.

Despite agricultural education being a very significant topic, agricultural teachers

and students have also encountered various problems. According to Veenman (1984), most

of the problems in agricultural teaching were, discipline in the classroom, motivating the

students, organizing class works, dealing with different personalities, relationship with

parents, assessment of student’s work, insufficient teaching materials, and dealing with

individual problems of students. Stated in a research “The Agricultural Teacher’s Struggle

for Balance between Career and Family” (2011) the credible source for this sort of

relationship was Wilensky (1960) “Epillover leisure hypothesis” that was concluded from

Engels to accommodate the English working class. It was declared that workers tend to
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meet the job spills over leisure time. It means that it permits the mental stagnation in their

leisure time and implicate some theorem which workers spends too much time in their

work than their work than to their family or leisure, not vice versa

Rougoor (1998), stated that farm management as a discipline has been heavily

criticized for being unable to deliver the benefits to the practitioners.Organic farming is

considered to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly than Conventional,

although there still some who thinks otherwise (Buck et al.,

1999; Guthman, 2004). As described by Kings & Ilbery, (2012), organic farmers tend to

have a more diverse farms, and more often aims to mimic natural systems and are more

respectful towards the nature.

Based on the study, one of the most common reasons as of why the agriculture

farmers are leaving is because teaching agriculture involves a lot of time. (Froehlich, 1966;

Mattox, 1974; Knight & Bender, 1978). Osborne (1992), discovered that agricultural

teaching really consumes youth, caused by the large workload, stress and excessive

expectations that usually results in agricultural teachers leaving their jobs in order to

achieve personal and professional fulfilment.

Theoretical Framework

Cognitive Load Theory assists the learner's demands and needs according to their

working memory. The goal of the theory is not to overload the learner's brain capacity in

order to hold important data, reducing unnecessary information makes learning more

effective. Having multiple references of visual information also adds to the cognitive load,
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making it difficult to grasp ideas and that will lead to Reduce Split-Attention Effect. To

avoid that, allow them to be familiarized with the first part before introducing another

program. It can also be overcome by using sounds, or auditory (like an animation

accompanied by voice-over narration) to direct the learner's attentiveness. With that, they

can absorb the following information without overcrowding the visuals

Conceptual Framework

INPUT OUTPUT

ANIMATION ENHANCE
PRE-TEST LEARNING

POST TEST RETENTION

Research Hypothesis

In this study, the following Hypothesis would be tested.

𝐻1 : Using animation would help improve the student’s learning retention in entrepreneurial

competencies.

𝐻 2 : There would be a significant difference in the student’s learning retention after the

usage of animation.
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Definition of Terms

Animation- is a method, in which images are layered to appear as moving images. In

tradition animation, pictures are drawn by hand with the use of a transparent celluloid sheet

which enables them to see the proper and little by little movement of the images.

Agriculture- the word 'Agriculture' came from the Latin word 'Ager' means Land or field

and 'Culture' means cultivation. It means the science and Art of producing, raiding, and

managing of crops and livestock for economic purpose. The importance of this is for

mankind and security.

Farm Management- farm management is under the subject of agriculture. There are two

kinds of section for this: (1) it focuses on economics and entrepreneur in terms of farm

products and the cost of the supplies needed in farming (2) the practical management, like

pest management, seedling production and selection, nutrient managements, water

management, harvesting, storing, drying, and milling management.

Retention – the word ‘Retention’ means condition of keeping something. An act or power

of remembering things.

Entrepreneurial Competencies- refers to the key characteristics that should be possessed

by successful or budding entrepreneurs in order to perform entrepreneurial functions

effectively. It can be defined as characteristics such as generic and specific knowledge,

motives, traits, self-images, social roles, and skills that result in venture birth, survival,

and/or growth.
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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the different methods and procedures done by the

researchers in conducting the research. It contains the description of the research design,

samples of the study, the research instruments used, data collection procedures, and plans

for the data analysis.

Research Design

Aliaga and Gunderson (2002) described the definition of quantitative research and

the uses of it. According to them, a quantitative research is gathering and analyzing

numerical data that can solve the given topic of the researchers. The researchers are able

to use mathematical methods in resolving the topic they want to give an answer. In addition

to that, Creswell (2003) believes that researches will find quantitative research challenging

than expected, for they need to utilize strategies of inquiry. A few examples of these are

experiments, interviews, surveys, and collecting data that has something that deals with the

researcher’s topics.

The researchers will be using experimental research design. In this way, the data

collection will be compatible for the researcher’s topic—which is about, ‘Animation; its

impact on students’ academic performance in farm management. The variables can be

measured, compared, and deliberated. Along with this, the environment is controlled, in

which the researchers are able to collect the data and the results will be able to support or
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reject their hypothesis, thus, can even point out the cause and effect and if the given topic

is effective on the target groups/s. (Babbie 4).

The Sample

The samples of the study were 20 students from grade 10 in De La Salle Araneta

University, with low or average score in the recent QTR in “Farm Management”, selected

through strata sampling.

Strata sampling is a sampling which requires a certain population to be divided into

smaller groups.The goal is to improve the representative's academic performance and gain

insights after the experiment by conducting survey questions that will be gathered as data.

With the sample of 20 students from grade 10 students in this experiment, the researchers

would be able to justify the study.

The Instrument(s)

The researchers used a single test sheet containing questions about entrepreneurial

competencies that served as the basis result for the pre-test and post-test taken and

answered by two separate groups, one controlled and one experimental.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers created an animation, showed to the experimental group containing

10 out of 20 participants in this study, and then conducted a post-test, once the other

selected 10 participants have taken a pre-test after being taught through the traditional

teaching method. The results were then computed and analyzed.

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Data Analysis

In analyzing the data, the researchers used a 2-sample T-test to test the difference

of the means of the dependent variable, and a one-way ANOVA to test the means between

one or two more groups of the dependent variable, using 0.5 significance, in order to

determine if the results are statistically significant.

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

In reporting the results, the researcher stays close to the statistical findings without

drawing broader implications or meaning from them. Further, this section includes

summaries of the data rather than the raw data (e.g., the actual scores for individuals). A

results section includes tables, figures, and detailed explanations about the statistical

results.

The representatives are 10 randomly selected Grade 10 students from sections Br.

Arkaduis and Br. Flavius in De La Salle Araneta University. The participants gathered are

divided into two groups, one being a controlled group and one being an experimental

group. The controlled group consists of students that were taught through the traditional

teaching method, while the experimental group was taught with the use of animation. Both

groups were given the same test after the discussion, to see whether there would be a

significant difference in their scores. Once the test has been taken, the researchers gather

the scores of the following participants from both the controlled and experimental group to

compute the acquired scores.

In computing the data, the researchers then used the t-test formula to get the

probability value of the two variables and used data analysis with paired-two sample for

means for the breakdown of the data. For testing the difference between the means of the

group, the researchers use One Way ANOVA.

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ANIMATION TRADITIONAL p-values

10 10 3.68%

10 10 -3.68%

10 6 3.68%

10 7 3.68%

10 7 3.68%

8 8 3.68%

8 8 3.68%

9 8 -3.68%

9 8 3.68%

9 9 3.68%

10 10 n

9.3 8.1 average

0.823272602 1.286683938 ST.DEV

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t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

ANIMATION TRADITIONAL

Mean 9.30 8.10

Variance 0.68 1.66

Observations 10.00 10.00

Person Correlation - 0.03

Hypothesized Mean Difference -

df 9.00

t Stat 2.45

P(T<=t) one-tail 0.02

t Critical one-tail 1.83

P(T<=t) two-tail 0.04

t Critical two-tail 2.26

Based on the researcher's evaluation and computations, the experimental group has

scored significantly higher compared to the results of those participants in the controlled

group.
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12

10

6 ANIMATION
TRADITIONAL

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Animation can enhance the learning retention of students because its goal is not to

overload the learner's brain capacity to hold important data, and that supports the Cognitive

Load Theory (adapted from Atkinson, R.C., and Shiffrin, R.M. ) from the theoretical

theory. Tons of visuals are a burden to students, being able to have flow during discussions

is surely effective. Animation can always be a tool for students to grasp the information

adequately, especially on the pupil's topic, entrepreneurial competencies.

There is a difference before the use of animation. Since it gains the attention of the

viewer compared to the 'discussion' type of teaching. The researchers make use of

technology for easy learning to the students. Animation can always be played back

correlated to conversing with the students whenever the pupils need a recap.
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CHAPTER 5

CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations of the study.

Conclusions

With all the research that had been done. The researchers therefore conclude that

animation has more effect and can further enhance the learning retention of the students

since its goal is to not overload the learner’s brain capacity. Tons of visuals can be a burden

to a student, being able to have a flow during discussions will surely help students to

comprehend the lesson. It can always be a tool in learning in order for the students to grasp

the information adequately. Though, there is a difference between the use of animation and

traditional teaching. Animation can gain the attention of the viewer compared to the

‘discussion’ type of teaching or in other words, traditional teaching. The researchers make

use of the technology for easy learning. Also, animation can always be replayed whenever

a student will need a recap.

Recommendation

In making this practical research, animation has its impact on students learning

retention in entrepreneurial competencies making it more effective rather than the

traditional way of teaching. The researchers therefore recommend this practical research

for the next researcher/s that will conduct this research regarding this topic in animation in

order to get best results, though the researchers are not saying that the traditional way of

teaching is not effective enough for the students to learn about entrepreneurial
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competencies or other things that a student/s needs to learn. It’s just that animation can

always be a tool in learning in order for the student/s to grasp the information adequately.
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References

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Animated Videos in Agriculture and Health: A Case Study in Benin AB Numgwo

R. Emmanuel, A. Joseph (2015) Effects of Animation on Student's Academic

Achievement and Retention in Basic Electricity At Technical College Level in Benue State

Nigeria C. Barry, J. Flowers, K. Murray, and B. Wilson (2011). The Agricultural Teacher's

Struggle for Between Career and Family.

Journal of Agricultural Education D. Williams (1991) Focusing Agricultural Education

Research: Strategies for the Discipline

F. Dorian, H. David (2014) Agriculture: Definition and Overview

G. Carol, M. Sajid, Z. Rushan (2013) Introduction to Computer Animation and its Possible

Educational Applications

L. Misty, M. Aaron, S. Tyson (2014) Examining Oregon Agriculture Teacher Professional

Development Needs by Career Phase, Journal of Agriculture Education, 66(5), 140-154

L. Xiao (2013) Animation Trends in Education. International Journal of Information &

Education Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3.

M. Rain, R. Priit, S. Karin, (2010). The Importance of Animation as a Visual Method in

Teaching Chemistry

M.A. Allela (2013) Using Animation to Enhance Learning: A Case Study on Primary

School Mathematics R. Misker, P. Reiska, and K. Soika (2010) The Importance of

Animation As A Visual Method in Learning Chemist