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19—2007
AS 1418.19—2007
Australian Standard®
Additional Interests:
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
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Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Australian Standard®
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8414 3
AS 1418.19—2007 2
PREFACE
This draft was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint Standards
Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME-005, Cranes.
The objective of this Standard is to provide requirements for self-propelled telescopic
handlers that are intended to handle loads using different types of attachments.
In the preparation of this Standard, cognizance was taken of BS EN 1459:1999, Safety of
industrial trucks—Self-propelled variable reach trucks and AS 1418.5—2002, Mobile
cranes.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
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3 AS 1418.19—2007
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 2 DESIGN
2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN .................................................................................................. 11
2.2 LOADINGS............................................................................................................... 11
2.3 SECURITY................................................................................................................ 12
2.4 BRAKES ................................................................................................................... 12
2.5 CONTROLS .............................................................................................................. 12
2.6 POWER SYSTEMS AND ACCESSORIES .............................................................. 14
2.7 SYSTEMS FOR LIFTING, TILTING, REACHING AND SLEWING ..................... 15
2.8 OPERATOR POSITION ........................................................................................... 18
2.9 STABILITY .............................................................................................................. 19
2.10 OPERATOR PROTECTIVE DEVICES .................................................................... 19
2.11 INDICATING AND LIMITING DEVICES .............................................................. 19
2.12 VISIBILITY .............................................................................................................. 22
2.13 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 22
2.14 TESTING .................................................................................................................. 24
APPENDICES
A TYPICAL HAZARDS............................................................................................... 32
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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Cranes, hoists and winches
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard applies to self-propelled non-slewing and slewing, not greater than 5° either
side of the longitudinal axis, of seated rider-operated telescopic handlers (hereinafter
referred to as ‘telehandlers’), as defined in Clause 1.3.31, intended to handle loads,
including freely suspended loads, using one of the attachments defined in Clause 1.3.
NOTE: Attachments may be mounted directly on the lifting means or on an auxiliary mast fixed
at the end of the lifting means.
Telescopic handlers with the ability to slew greater than 5° will have to comply with
AS 1418.5 in addition to the requirements of this Standard (excluding the static stability
testing procedures as defined in Clause 2.9 and Appendices B to F).
The use of the term ‘slew’ from hereon refers to those telehandlers that can slew up to five
degrees, except where clearly stated otherwise.
In addition, all telescopic handlers intended to support work platforms will have to comply
with AS 1418.10.
This Standard does not apply to industrial variable reach trucks (‘reach stackers’) designed
to handle series 1 freight containers ≥6 m long with the dimensional and securing
characteristics specified in ISO 668 and ISO 3874.
Telehandlers are also known by a variety of terms, such as ‘variable reach trucks’ and
‘multi-purpose handlers’.
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ISO
21281 Construction and layout of pedals of self-propelled sit-down rider-controlled
industrial trucks—Rules for the construction and layout of pedals
12100 Safety of machinery—Basic concepts, general principles for design
12100-1 Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology
12100-2 Part 2: Technical principles
EN
1175 Safety of industrial trucks—Electrical requirements
1175-1 Part 1: General requirements for battery powered trucks
1175-2 Part 2: General requirements for internal combustion engine powered trucks
1175-3 Part 3: Specific requirements for the electrical power transmission systems
of internal combustion engine powered trucks
12053 Safety of industrial trucks—Test methods for measuring noise emissions
13059 Safety of industrial trucks—Test methods for measuring vibration
European Parliament and Council Directive 2000/14/EC on the approximation of the law of
the Member States, relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use
outdoors
1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions in AS 2359.7, AS 2549 and ISO 12100-1
and those below apply.
1.3.1 Auxiliary mast
Mast at the end of the telescopic boom intended to reach greater lifting heights.
1.3.2 Axle locking
Mechanism designed to stop oscillation of the rear axle for improving telehandler stability
during stacking and destacking operations.
1.3.3 Bucket
A device intended to carry bulk products such as sand, gravel, coal, etc.
1.3.4 Falling object protective structure (FOPS)
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G
D
g
H
G
TABLE 1.5.4
STANDARD LOAD CENTRE DISTANCE
Standard load centre distance (D),
Rated load (Q), mm
kg
400 500 600 900 1200 1500
<1000 O O R
≥1000 <5000 O R
≥5000 ≤10000 R
>10000 <20000 R R R
≥20000 <25000 R R
≥25000 R R
R = Required
O = Optional
NOTE: Telehandlers may be rated for special applications with load
centres related to those applications.
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S E C T I O N 2 D E S I G N
2.2 LOADINGS
2.2.1 General
For design purposes, design loadings shall be not less than the rated capacity (see
Clause 1.3.25 and 1.3.26) multiplied by a hoisting factor (ψ) of 1.15 and a dead load factor
(ϕ) of 1.00.
The lateral loading shall comply with one of the following:
(a) Four percent of the rated capacity at the boom head plus the force on the boom
resulting from a wind velocity of 10 m/s (36 km/h).
(b) Six percent of the rated capacity at the boom head representing all lateral loads.
2.2.2 Load combinations
The telehandler shall be designed to withstand the application of the vector combination of
the loadings that produces the governing design criteria in the part of the telehandler under
consideration (see AS 1418.1).
For example, consideration should be given to the reaction of slewing and wind effects,
which cause lateral loading on stabilizer/outriggers.
2.3 SECURITY
2.3.1 Protection against unintended use
The telehandler shall be provided with a device (e.g., a key) that prevents use by
unauthorized persons.
2.3.2 Protection against unintentional start-up
A parking brake shall be provided conforming to the requirements specified in Clause 2.4.
Internal combustion engine powered telehandlers shall be fitted with a device which
prevents the engine being started whilst the transmission is engaged.
All telehandlers, irrespective of their driving mode (torque converter, hydrostatic
transmission, battery powered) shall have a travel control with 3 positions, that is, neutral,
forward travel, reverse travel.
NOTE: In the neutral position the transmission is not engaged.
2.4 BRAKES
Service and parking brakes shall comply with AS 2359.13.
For telehandlers with capacities greater than 50 000 kg, the brakes shall also comply with
AS 2359.13.
Electromechanical brakes shall be applied mechanically and released electrically. They
shall meet the relevant requirements of EN 1175-1.
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Failure of the power supply for automatically acting brakes shall not result in loss of
braking.
2.5 CONTROLS
2.5.1 General
Controls shall, where practicable, be consistent with the telehandler motions being operated
and shall be confined within the plan view outline of the telehandler.
Travel controls on battery-powered telehandlers shall comply with the relevant
requirements of EN 1175-1.
Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator leaves the normal
operating position. On engine-powered telehandlers, the parking brake and neutral travel
control may be used to satisfy this requirement. Devices on battery-powered telehandlers
shall comply with the relevant requirements of EN 1175-1.
When axle locking is used, operated by a control lever, locking shall be engaged by forward
or downward motion of the control and disengaged by backward or upward motion of the
control.
If other control methods are used, they shall follow the same logic.
2.5.6 Marking
Controls shall be legibly and indelibly marked with graphic symbols in accordance with
AS 2359.5.
All written instructions on the controls shall be in English and SI units.
Sheave(s) diameters shall be at least three times the pitch of the chains.
Loads in the chain(s) due to friction in the lifting mechanisms shall be taken into account.
2.7.1.2 Wire ropes
When the lifting mechanism includes one or more wire ropes, the telehandler manufacturer
shall select wire ropes that, in relation to the minimum braking load certified by the
manufacturer of the wire rope, will provide a factor of K 2 as follows:
(a) For lifting and telescoping ....................................................................... at least 6:1.
(b) For hoisting ............................................................................................. at least 4:1.
where
Min. breaking load for new wire rope × number of wire ropes
K2 =
Max. capacity of the telehandler + dead weight of the lifting mechanism
carried by the wire rope (s)
The diameter of the wire rope guide sheaves, measured from the bottom of the groove, shall
be at least 18 times the diameter of the wire rope.
2.7.2 Hydraulic lifting system
2.7.2.1 Load holding
The descent of the load caused by internal leakage in the hydraulic system in the least
favourable load position shall not exceed 150 mm during 10 min with the oil in the
hydraulic system at normal working temperature.
The average forward tilting speed resulting from leakage shall not exceed half a degree per
minute.
2.7.2.2 Maximum load-lowering speed
The maximum permissible load-lowering speed shall be such that, even with the maximum
load in the event of unintentional operation, a sudden drop of the lowering means, the
telehandler shall remain stable.
NOTE: The rear wheels may momentarily lift during such unintentional operation.
2.7.2.3 Limitation of stroke
All movements with limited travel shall be provided with stops to prevent over-travel.
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The device shall be so designed and fitted that accidental loosening or adjustment is
avoided and that a tool or key is required to alter the pressure settings.
2.7.3.3 Failure of energy supply or hydraulic circuit
In the case of a fault or interruption of the supply of energy, the design of the hydraulic
installation shall be such that the hydraulic pressure in the system prevents the pump from
functioning as a hydraulic motor.
In the event of a failure in the hydraulic circuit of the load lifting, tilting, telescoping,
stabilizing or lateral levelling system(s) or in the event of failure of the driving power
supply, means shall be provided to maintain the load or telehandler in its position.
The requirement shall be considered to be fulfilled when the maximum descent of the load
is as specified in Clause 2.7.2.1 when failure occurs during load lifting or lowering. The
load shall be immobilized within the limits of functional leakage as specified in this
subclause.
2.7.3.4 Oil filtration
Hydraulic systems shall be protected against hazards due to oil pollution (for example, by
means of a filter or magnet).
2.7.4 Fork tynes
Fork tynes shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with ISO 2330.
Devices (slot, pin, lock, etc.) shall be provided to prevent unintentional lateral displacement
of the fork tynes on the fork carrier.
2.7.5 Fork extensions
Fork extensions shall be positively fixed to the fork tynes and be designed to prevent
accidental disengagement from the fork tynes and be in accordance with the requirements of
AS 2359.15. A rated capacity chart shall be provided.
2.7.6 Fork carriers
Positive stops shall be provided on the fork carrier to prevent lateral disengagement of the
fork tynes from the fork carrier at its extremities. If a fork tyne removal slot is provided at
the bottom of the carrier, it shall not be positioned opposite a slot at the top of the carrier
unless means are provided to prevent the fork tyne from being inadvertently displaced.
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(d) If an attachment has its own separate hydraulic system, it shall comply with
Clause 2.7.3.
(e) If an attachment has a hydraulic system that is connected to the telehandler hydraulic
system, then the two systems shall be compatible and the combined systems shall
comply with Clause 2.7.3.
(f) Attachments shall be so designed and fitted to the telehandler that, in the normal
operating position, visibility of the roadway by the operator is not reduced.
2.7.8 Load sustainability
Telehandlers shall be designed in such a way that they can be equipped with load-retention
devices such as load backrest extensions and top clamp stabilizer/outriggers. Where fitted,
load backrest extensions shall comply with the requirements of AS 2359.1.
2.9 STABILITY
The stability of the telehandler shall be determined by test in accordance with Appendix B,
and Appendices C to F, as applicable.
TABLE 2.11.1
APPLICATION OF LIMITING AND INDICATING DEVICES (see Note 1)
Telehandler with Telehandler with Telehandler with
Item forks or fixed fixed jib/hook wire rope hoist
loads attachment attachments
Longitudinal stability indicator R R (see Note 2) R (see Note 2)
Rated capacity indicator O >3 t R >3 t R
Load indicator O O O
Boom angle indicator R R R
Lateral slope indicator R R R
Drum rotation indicator N/A N/A O
Hoisting limit indicator N/A N/A R (see Note 3)
Telescopic boom length indicator R R R
Wind speed anemometer O O O
Longitudinal stability limiter R ≤3 t R (see Note 2) ≤3 t R (see Note 2)
Rated capacity limiter O >3 t R >3 t R
Maximum capacity limiter O ≤3 t R (see Note 2) ≤3 t R (see Note 2)
Hoisting limiter (see Note 2) N/A N/A R (see Note 3)
Lowering limiter N/A N/A O
Audible warning device R R R
LEGEND:
R = Required
O = Optional
N/A = Not applicable
NOTES:
1 The above designations are the minimum requirements. Devices should be applied with due
consideration for safe operation.
2 Mandatory where a rated capacity limiter is not fitted.
3 Not required where the design provides two-blocking damage protection.
The rated capacity indicator shall warn the operator both visually and audibly before the
load on the telehandler exceeds the rated capacity.
2.11.2.3 Load indicator
The load indicator system shall measure and display the mass of the load being lifted.
The accuracy of the load-indicating system shall be such that the indicated load is at least
100% of the actual load.
2.11.2.4 Boom angle indicator
The angle indicator shall indicate the angle of the boom to the horizontal at each operating
position. Where the device is electronic, a gravity pendulum angle indicator, with maximum
increments marked at 5°, shall also be fitted.
The display accuracy shall be within 0° to −2.5° from the actual boom angle.
2.11.2.5 Lateral slope indicator
The lateral slope indicator shall be legible by the operator in the normal operating position
and shall indicate when the telehandler is level, or the permitted lateral slope, as specified
by the rated capacity chart.
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
21 AS 1418.19—2007
The rated capacity limiter shall only be disengaged where one or both of the following
means are provided.
(a) A mechanism that requires constant pressure to override the limiter and that
automatically reactivates the rated capacity limiter after no more than 60 s of
continuous ‘override’ activation.
(b) An automatic mechanism when boom is at an angle <10° above the lowest position of
the boom and extended by no more than 1 m from the fully retracted position. The
rated capacity limiter shall be automatically reengaged when either these limits are
exceeded.
2.11.3.4 Motion-limiters
Every motion of the telehandler that has a restriction of movement in the design shall be
provided with a motion-limiter.
Where fitted, each motion-limiting device shall be mounted in a position that takes into
account the stopping distance necessary for that motion. The devices shall not prevent the
telehandler controls being reset to move motions away from the extent of their limits.
Where movement of the jib or boom, or a telescoping movement, can further endanger a
hoist motion that has reached its upper hoist limit, an interlock shall be provided to ensure
that these movements cannot be made before the hook block has been lowered to a safe
position.
Examples of motion-limiters and circumstances where they may be required include the
following:
(a) Hoisting limiter types (e.g., anti two-block system, two-block damage-prevention
device).
(b) Lowering limiter to ensure that at least two turns of rope always remains on the drum.
(c) Boom telescope limiter to prevent the boom telescoping out or in beyond the design
or operational limits.
2.11.4 Audible warning device
A warning device, readily controllable from the operating position, shall be fitted to give
audible warning to personnel in the vicinity of the telehandler.
2.12 VISIBILITY
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The telehandler design shall provide sufficient visibility to enable the operator to carry out
all travel and manoeuvres safely. In order to aid the operator to avoid collisions when
visibility is limited, built-in devices shall be provided (e.g., mirrors, cameras and monitors,
raised or reversible operator position, audible and visual alarms).
Telehandlers shall be so designed that it is possible for a competent person referring to the
manufacturer’s instructions to equip them with an electrical circuit whereby travel lights,
working lights, signal and maintenance lights can be installed to aid visibility.
The demister shall be securely fixed. The hot air shall be capable of being circulated
to demist or defrost all windows in the cab. A device shall be fitted to prevent the
operator from being burnt from direct contact or by hot air.
(b) If a cab is fitted on an industrial telehandler, it shall comply with Clause 2.10.1.
(c) If a cab is fitted on a rough terrain telehandler, it shall comply with Clause 2.10.2.
(d) Provision shall be made for efficient ventilation of the cab. Where it is obtained by
keeping the doors and windows open, these shall be capable of being locked open.
(e) If glass is used in the window apertures, it shall be of the safety type. The windscreen
and rear window shall be fitted with sufficiently large wipers so that the operator has
an adequate view.
(f) The cab shall include at least one door, plus an emergency exit allowing the operator
to escape in another direction.
(g) The cab material and fixing elements shall be resistant to a fire with a maximum
burning rate of 250 mm/min for a sample tested to ISO 3795.
(h) Provisions shall be made for storing the operator’s manual in a position that shall not
impair the normal work of the operator.
2.13.2 Protection during transport, loading and unloading
The following shall apply:
(a) If the manufacturer specifies in the instruction handbook that a telehandler may be
lifted without disassembling, locations for slinging points shall be provided and
clearly indicated on the telehandler.
(b) Lifting points shall be provided to enable partial disassembly of telehandler elements
for the purpose of transportation in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
(c) Securing points (hooks, rings, ears, etc.) shall be provided on the front and rear parts
of the telehandler to enable lashing down of the telehandler for transportation
purposes.
(d) Locations for slinging of removable attachments shall be provided as specified in the
instruction handbook.
NOTE: A dedicated place should be provided for the operating and maintenance instructions.
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2.14 TESTING
2.14.1 General
The quality of design and the structural integrity of each custom-made telehandler, and each
model of a serial production telehandler, shall be verified by testing. The structural integrity
of each telehandler shall be verified after making repairs and modifications to load-
supporting components.
The test results shall be used to verify the necessary rated capacity charts.
2.14.2 Tests for telehandlers
Telehandlers shall be tested in accordance with this Clause (2.14). Suitable precautions
should be taken during testing and only those persons directly necessary to carry out the
testing should be in the test area. Tests should include the following:
(a) For each custom or serial model telehandler—
(i) visual inspection;
(ii) performance test;
(iii) static stability test;
(iv) static strength test; and
(v) hoist brake test.
(b) For each subsequent serially produced model telehandler—
(i) visual inspection;
(ii) performance test; and
(iii) hoist brake test.
(c) For each telehandler after repair or modification of load-supporting components—
(i) visual inspection; and
(ii) static strength test.
2.14.3 Preparation for testing in accordance with Appendix B
The telehandler shall comply with the manufacturer’s specification. A visual inspection
shall be carried in accordance with Clause 2.14.4 to ensure that all adjustments and the
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Where the telehandler may be equipped with jibs or other attachments, the telehandler (for
testing) shall be equipped with the attachments that produce the greatest stresses (for
strength tests) and least stability (for stability tests). The telehandler, equipped with the
alternative attachments, shall be retested for strength, except where the quality of design of
the attachments has already been established independently (for example, in conjunction
with another telehandler test).
2.14.4 Visual inspection before testing
Visual inspection shall include checking for compliance with specifications and condition
of all vital components such as—
(a) mechanisms, electrical equipment, safety devices, brakes, controls, lighting and
indicating systems;
(b) all guarding;
(c) hooks or other load-handling attachments and their connections;
(d) ropes and their fastenings;
(e) boom and jib connections; and
(f) means of access for operation and maintenance as fitted.
Dismantling of parts is not necessarily included in this inspection; however, opening of
covers provided for the purpose of service and inspection shall be included (for example,
opening of limit switch covers).
The inspection shall verify that all manuals and copies of test certificates of previously
tested components are available.
2.14.5 Performance test
The performance test shall demonstrate the capability of the telehandler to operate in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications by handling at least two loads from the
rated capacity chart.
2.14.6 Static stability test
2.14.6.1 Purpose
The purpose of the static stability test is to verify the stability of the telehandler under static
loading conditions.
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2.14.6.2 Procedure
For telehandlers, the test shall be carried out at minimum, maximum and at least one
intermediate working radius, or reach, in the stability area according to the requirements of
Appendix B and Appendices C to F, as applicable.
For slewing telehandlers, the boom shall be located at the least stable position.
2.14.7 Static strength test
2.14.7.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the overall structural integrity of the loaded
telehandler.
2.14.7.2 Procedure
Telehandlers shall be tested at 125% of the rated capacity selected from the strength-
governed area of the telehandler’s rated capacity chart.
2.14.7.3 Requirements
The telehandler shall be considered as complying with this test provided the test load is
safely supported for 10 min without adversely affecting any part of the telehandler.
2.14.8 Hoist brake test
2.14.8.1 Purpose
The purpose of the hoist brake test is to demonstrate the competence of the hoist braking
system.
2.14.8.2 Procedure
A load that generates 110% of the rated line pull shall be hoisted above the ground then
lowered and arrested just clear of the ground. This test may be carried out following the
performance tests at operating temperatures. Unless indicated by the manufacturer, the test
shall be carried out on the top layer of the drum.
2.14.8.3 Requirements
The test shall be considered to be satisfactory when the load is arrested and supported for
5 min without creep, or as the manufacturer specifies.
2.14.9 Inspection after testing
At the completion of all testing, the telehandler structure or repaired load-supporting
component shall be visually and otherwise appropriately examined to determine any
evidence of buckling, permanent deformation, paint cracking, flaking or other indications of
stress beyond the yield point or other evidence of failure.
2.14.10 Record of testing
All pertinent data and observations regarding the inspection and test shall be recorded and
attested to by the competent person observing the tests. A certificate of test in accordance
with this Standard shall be issued upon completion of the tests. This certificate of test may
be issued at the point of manufacture after testing in accordance with this Standard. In
addition, documented evidence in the form of a manufacturer’s test certificate, for
compliance with Appendix C or Appendix D, shall be provided to supplement the testing to
the stability requirements in this Standard.
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SE C T I ON 3 I N FO RM A T I O N F O R U SE
3.1 GENERAL
Manuals shall be supplied with each telehandler. They shall be in accordance with
AS 1418.1 and shall include the following:
(a) The operator’s manual.
(b) The maintenance manual.
(c) The service record (logbook).
(d) The parts book.
NOTE: Residual risks, as identified in Appendix A, should be included in the manuals.
3.3 MARKING
3.3.1 Information plates
3.3.1.1 Telehandlers
Telehandlers shall be marked legibly and indelibly with at least the following:
(a) Name and address of the manufacturer or authorized importer of the telehandler.
(b) Designation of series or type.
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
29 AS 1418.19—2007
telehandler.
(f) Rated capacity.
(g) In the case of hydraulically or pneumatically operated attachments, the maximum
operating pressure recommended by the attachment manufacturer.
(h) The warning:
THE RATED CAPACITY OF THIS ATTACHMENT MAY BE REDUCED—REFER
TO THE RATED CAPACITY CHART FOR THE TELEHANDLER/ATTACHMENT
COMBINATION IN THE CABIN.
3.3.2 Rated capacity chart
Every telehandler shall have a durable rated capacity chart affixed in a prominent position,
easily legible by the operator including information on rated capacity.
Separate rated capacity charts shall be provided to reflect the different operating parameters
for which the telehandler has been designed, including attachments and pick and carry
operations.
Filling points for fuel and hydraulic oil shall be clearly indicated on the telehandler using
the symbols of AS 2359.5.
3.3.4 Representation of information
Where possible, information shall be represented by symbols. Where the information is
represented in words, it shall be written in plain English. Numerical representation shall be
in metric units.
Symbols shall comply with AS 2359.5.
70˚
LIFTING TRAVELLING
(stationary) (pick & carry) 6
60˚ 5.75 m
With rated load on forks
C
www.standards.org.au
14˚ max. 5 B
50˚
3˚ max
40˚
4
3.72 m
With rated load on forks
30˚
10˚ max. 3
20˚
5˚ max
2
With rated load on forks
5˚ max.
800 kg
1000 kg
With rated load on forks 10˚
1250 kg
1800 kg
1
2500 kg
© Standards Australia
AS 1418.19—2007
APPENDIX A
TYPICAL HAZARDS
(Informative)
The lists below are typical hazards of which a designer should be aware when designing a
telehandler. Other potential hazards may exist, which are not shown. These hazards are
applicable in the situations described and could involve risks to persons if not eliminated or
controlled. This list is for information only and is not exhaustive.
Mechanical hazards
• Crushing shearing or entanglement:
• With telehandler lifting mechanism
• Within attachment mechanism
• Between telehandler and obstacles
• Between telehandler and road wheels
• Within engine compartment
• In the telehandler’s articulation area
• Impact by collision:
• When telehandler is being driven
• When telehandler is unattended
• Impact from falling objects
• Due to mechanical failure
• Due to unintended load-carrier movement
• Due to failure or unintended movement of fork tynes or attachments
• Due to unintended movement of load handling means
• Due to unstable or insecure loads
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Vibration hazards
Hazards generated by radiation
Hazards due to substances
• Inhalation of engine exhaust emission
• Fire or explosion:
• From engine fuel systems
• From battery electrolyte
• In hazardous atmospheres
Hazards due to neglect of ergonomic principles
• Unhealthy postures
• Inadequate local lighting
• Stress due to operator discomfort
• Human error:
• During telehandler operation
• Prior to initial use
Hazard combinations
Hazards due to functional disorders
• Hydraulic failure causing load to drop
• Control disorder causing uncontrollable movement
• Unexpected start-up:
• When telehandler is unattended
• Due to unauthorized use
• Due to unintended traction
• Overturn of telehandler:
• During telehandler operation
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APPENDIX B
STABILITY TESTS
(Normative)
B1 GENERAL
Stability requirements shall apply to the telehandler in all working zones and configurations
as follows:
(a) For stationary operation, the chassis shall be levelled laterally unless otherwise
specified by the manufacturer’s rated capacity chart.
(b) For pick and carry operation, at 8.75% side slope or greater if specified by the
manufacturer. For the purpose of test, the slope of the support surface and the
telehandler chassis shall be on the same slope, that is, the chassis shall not be
levelled.
The stability of the telehandler under static conditions shall be such that the rated capacity
is not greater than the appropriate percentage of the tipping load that has to be applied to tip
the telehandler, as given in Table B1.
TABLE B1
STABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD RATING CONDITION
Stability requirement, Stability requirement,
percentage of tipping load percentage of tipping load
Load rating condition
(stationary on wheels (pick and carry)
or stabilizer/outriggers) (see Note 1)
Fixed load (on forks) 75 75
Freely suspended load 75 66.6
(from hook) (see Note 2)
NOTES:
1 Telehandler configured in accordance with the manufacturer’s pick and carry
position.
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2 This percentage allows for a maximum travel speed of 0.4 m/s (walking speed).
B3 REQUIREMENTS
The telehandler shall be considered to have complied with the static stability test provided
the test load remains clear of the supporting surface with the telehandler in the tipping
condition.
The tipping condition of a telehandler supporting a load is deemed to have been reached
when the two wheels on the opposite side to the load lose contact with the supporting
surface.
APPENDIX C
INDUSTRIAL TELEHANDLERS—STABILITY TESTS
(Normative)
C1 SCOPE
This Appendix specifies the basic tests for the verification of stability of industrial
telehandlers. It is applicable to telehandlers fitted with fork tynes and/or attachments.
Additional tests are specified for the following:
(a) Telehandlers operating with offset load, offset by powered device (see Appendix E).
(b) Telehandlers operating with offset load, offset determined by the utilization (see
Appendix F).
C2 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY
The stability tests in this Appendix ensure that the type of telehandler specified has
satisfied the stability requirements when used under the following typical operating
conditions:
(a) Operating (travelling and stacking) on substantially smooth, level and prepared
surfaces.
(b) Travelling with the fork tynes tilted backwards and the load in the lowered retracted
(travelling) position, including up and down modest gradients.
(c) Stacking with the fork tynes substantially horizontal.
(d) Operating with the load centre of gravity (G) approximately on the longitudinal
centre-plane of the telehandler.
Where the operating conditions differ from the normal, reference shall also be made to
Appendix E or Appendix F.
C3 CONDITION OF TEST
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The telehandler under test shall be driven onto the fixed slopes with boom lowered and
positioned according to Table C1. For each telehandler position, the load shall be elevated
slowly and smoothly to the height indicated in Table C1.
C3.1.2.3 Calculation
Compliance with the specified stability values may be determined by calculation and shall
be verified by test in accordance with Appendix B.
The calculated capacities shall allow for manufacturing variations, differences in items such
as mast or tyres.
C3.1.3 Test completion
C3.1.3.1 General
The telehandler is considered stable if it passed all required tests without overturning. It is
permissible in lateral tests for one of the wheels to lose contact with the platform.
C3.1.3.2 Tests with tilting platform
For the purposes of these tests, the overturning value of the test platform’s slope is that
which, if increased, would produce complete overturning of the telehandler.
C3.1.3.3 Test with fixed slope
For the purpose of T1, T3 and T5 tests, the overturning value is that which, if the
displacement value of the load in the direction of least stable lifting and reach combinations
is increased, would produce complete overturning of the telehandler.
C3.2 Conditions of the telehandler
C3.2.1 General
The tests shall be carried out with the telehandler ready for use without operator (fuel tanks
of engined telehandlers shall be full if stability is thereby reduced; all other tanks shall be
filled to their correct operating levels). The load-carrying means shall be fully equipped
with any protective or supplementary lifting apparatus supplied as original equipment and
the fork tynes, if adjustable for tilt, shall be positioned in accordance with Table C1.
Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressures specified by the manufacturer, and
where tyre ballast is permitted it shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
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(b) suspending near the ground by means of a rope or chain in such a manner that the
upper end of the suspension means acts at point G where the centre of gravity of a
fixed test load would otherwise be located.
C4 TEST PROCEDURE
The telehandler shall be positioned in accordance with Table C1.
Lateral stability tests shall be carried out in the most unfavourable conditions to the side to
which the telehandler is least stable, taking into account the possible orientation of the
boom.
The MN axis shall be parallel to the XY axis.
Point N is the centre-point of the area of contact between the platform surface and the front
wheel or stabilizer/outrigger nearest to the tilting axis of XY (see Figures C9 and C10,
Table C1).
Point M is the vertical projection onto the platform of the point of intersection between the
centre plane AB of the telehandler and the centre-line of the steering axle.
AS 1418.19—2007
TABLE C1
TEST CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES
Test for longitudinal stability Tests for lateral stability
Test No.
T1 T1 T3 T4 T5
Test of stability, when Stacking Travelling Stacking Travelling Stacking
Test load See Paragraph C3.5 See Paragraph C3.5 See Paragraph C3.5 Unladen Unladen
Lift height See Paragraph C3.5 300 mm See Paragraph C3.5 300 mm
Arm position Least stable lifting and Arm in a maximum Least stable lifting and Arm in a maximum Least stable lifting and reach
reach combination retracted position reach combination, retracted position combination with fork in
with fork in horizontal with maximum with fork in horizontal with maximum horizontal position (maximum
position backward lifting position backward tilting and minimum boom extension)
Load centre distance D of test load D of test load D of test load
Stabilizer/outrigger device and/or axle location With/without Without With/without Without Without
Telehandler position on test platform Figures C2, C7 Figures C3 and C7 Figures C4, C9, C10, Figures C5 and C9 Figures C6 and C9
40
and C12 C13 and C14
Rated capacity up 4% 18% 6% (15 + 1.4V*)% 6%
to and including maximum 50%
Slope of test platform 10 000 kg
>10 000 kg 3.5% 18% 6% (15 + 1.4V*)% 6%
<50 000 kg maximum 40%
XY XY
XY XY XY
(continued)
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www.standards.org.au
TABLE C1 (continued)
Y Y
Y M M
B
41
M
Y Y
Y B
AS 1418.19—2007
© Standards Australia
AS 1418.19—2007 42
APPENDIX D
ROUGH TERRAIN TELEHANDLERS—STABILITY TESTS
(Normative)
D1 SCOPE
This Appendix specifies the basic tests for the verification of stability of rough terrain
telehandlers. It is applicable to telehandlers fitted with fork tynes and/or attachments.
Additional tests are specified for the following:
(a) Telehandlers operating with offset load, offset by powered device (see Appendix E).
(b) Telehandlers operating with offset load, offset determined by the utilization (see
Appendix F).
D2 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY
The stability tests in this Appendix ensure that the type of telehandler specified has
satisfied stability requirements when used on level ground under the following typical
operating conditions:
(a) Stacking with chassis levelled to 1%.
(b) Travelling with the fork tynes tilted backwards and the load in the lowered retracted
(travelling) position, including up and down minor gradients.
(c) Stacking with the fork tynes substantially horizontal.
(d) Operating with the load centre of gravity (G) approximately to the longitudinal
centre-plane of the telehandler.
Where operating conditions differ from the normal, reference shall also be made to
Appendix E or F.
D3 CONDITIONS OF TEST
D3.1 Equipment and method
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D3.1.1 General
Stability shall be verified by the principles of the tests described in Paragraphs D3.2.1.1
to D3.2.1.3. Any of the following methods is an applicable verification procedure.
D3.1.2 Verification procedure
D3.1.2.1 Tilting platform
A test platform shall be used. The telehandler under test shall be placed on the platform,
which is initially in the horizontal plane, sequentially in the positions described in
Table D1. For each of the telehandler positions, the platform shall be tilted slowly and
smoothly to the slope indicated in Table D1.
D3.1.2.2 Fixed slope
For telehandlers with a rated capacity equal to or above 10 000 kg, fixed slopes, with
inclinations equivalent to the prescribed test slopes, may be used. The slope surface shall be
smooth and capable of supporting the telehandler mass with no deformation likely to affect
the test results.
The telehandler under test shall be driven onto the fixed slopes and positioned according to
the table of tests. For each of the telehandler positions, the load shall be elevated slowly
and smoothly to the height indicated in the table of tests.
D3.1.2.3 Calculation
Compliance with the specified stability values may be determined by calculation and shall
be verified by test in accordance with Appendix B.
The calculated capacities shall allow for manufacturing variations and differences in items
such as mast or tyres.
D3.2 Condition of the telehandler
D3.2.1 General
The tests shall be carried out with the telehandler ready for use without operator (fuel tanks
of engined telehandlers shall be full if stability is thereby reduced; all other tanks shall be
filled to their correct operating levels).
The load-carrying means shall be fully equipped with any protective or supplementary
lifting apparatus supplied as original equipment, and the fork tynes, if adjustable for tilt,
shall be positioned in accordance with the table of tests. Where applicable, tyres shall be
inflated to the pressures specified by the manufacturer and where tyre ballast is permitted it
shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
D3.2.2 Lift height for tests simulating travelling
For tests simulating travelling, the upper face of the fork blades at the heels shall be
positioned 300 mm from the ground.
NOTE: For telehandlers greater than 10 t capacity, the above distance increases to 500 mm.
D3.3 Effect of the operator’s weight on stability
The operator shall be represented by a weight (mass) of 90 kg if the stability during a test is
thereby decreased. The weight (mass) shall be secured with its centre of gravity 250 mm
above the operator seat in the compressed condition.
D3.4 Location of the telehandler on the test platform
The specified position of the telehandler on the test platform shall be maintained during
each test.
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Wheel rotation shall be prevented by application of the handbrake or service brakes, which
may be secured in the ‘on’ position. Additionally, the wheels may be wedged against the
telehandler frame but in such a way that any axle/frame articulation is not affected.
Chocks or blocks may be used between the wheels and the test platform to prevent the
telehandler sliding out of position. The height of the chocks or blocks shall not exceed 0.1d
(where d = outside diameter of the wheel).
D3.5 Test load
The test load shall be a weight (mass) equivalent to the rated load (Q) acting through a
centre of gravity (G) nominally positioned at the standard load centre distance (D),
horizontally from the front face of the fork arm shank and vertically from the upper face of
the fork arm blade (see Figure D1).
The centre of gravity (G) shall be the longitudinal centre-plane of the telehandler, except
where a lateral slope correction device is used on test T3, Table D1.
If the manufacturer shows other possible ratings at various heights/boom positions on the
rated capacity chart, tests shall be carried out with maximum load at the corresponding
height, as well as with the load corresponding to the maximum height.
D4 TEST PROCEDURE
The telehandler shall be positioned in accordance with Table D1.
Lateral tests shall be carried out in the most unfavourable conditions to the side to which
the telehandler is least stable, taking into account the possible orientation of the boom.
The MN axis shall be parallel to the XY axis.
Point N is the centre point of the area of contact between the platform surface and the front
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wheel nearest to the tilting axis XY (see Figures D9, D10, D11, D13 and D14).
Point M is defined as follows:
(a) For telehandlers with an articulated steering axle, M is the vertical projection onto the
platform of the point of intersection between the longitudinal centre plane AB of the
telehandler and the centre-line of this axle.
(b) For telehandlers with an articulated chassis, M is also the point of the intersection
between the longitudinal centre plane AB of the telehandler and the centre-line of the
steering axle.
Tests T1 and T3 shall be conducted successively with stabilizer/outriggers disengaged and
engaged.
For tests T3, lateral slope correction, if existing and to a maximum of 7% (4°), shall be used
to bring the lifting mechanism as close to vertical as possible on the tilted platform. For
other tests, the lifting mechanism shall be perpendicular to the test platform.
AS 1418.19—2007
TABLE D1
TEST CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES
Tests for longitudinal stability Tests for lateral stability
Test No.
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Test of stability when Stacking Travelling Stacking Travelling Stacking
Test load See Paragraph D3.5 See Paragraph D3.5 See Paragraph D3.5 Unladen Unladen
Lift height See Paragraph D3.5 300 mm See Paragraph D3.5 300 mm
Arm position Least stable lifting and Arm in a maximum Least stable lifting Arm in a maximum Least stable lifting and
reach combination with fork retracted position and reach retracted position with reach combination with
in horizontal position with maximum combination, with maximum backward fork in horizontal
backward lifting fork in horizontal tilting position (maximum and
position minimum boom
extension)
Load centre distance D of test load D of test load D of test load
Stabilizer/outrigger device and/or axle With/without Without With/without Without Without
46
location
Correction or lateral tilt Without Without With Without Without
Telehandler position on test platform Figures D2, D7 and D12 Figures D3 and D7 Figures D4, D9, D10, Figures D5 and C9, Figures D6, D9, D10
or D8 D11, D13 and D14 D10 or D11 or D11
Rated capacity up to and 7% 22% 12% 50% 10%
Slope of test including 10 000 kg
platform
Above 10 000 kg 6% 22% 10% 45% 10%
NOTE: In the event when only the front
wheels are steering, the telehandler
position for the values T3, T4 and T5 will
be shown in Figure C11, except for the
rear wheels, which will be parallel to the XY XY
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truck axis.
XY XY XY
(continued)
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www.standards.org.au
TABLE D1 (continued)
A J
B
Y Y
M M
B J M
B
Y Y
Y
47
1 1 A
X A X
X N
N
M
B M B
Y Y
AS 1418.19—2007
NOTE: Figures D9 to D14 do not necessarily depict the least stable position on the test platform.
AS 1418.19—2007 48
APPENDIX E
TELEHANDLERS OPERATING WITH OFFSET LOAD—OFFSET BY
POWERED DEVICES—ADDITIONAL STABILITY TESTS
(Normative)
E1 SCOPE
Other requirements specify for the basic tests for the verification of stability under normal
operating conditions. The definition of normal operating conditions is contained in each
relevant requirement.
This Appendix specifies tests that are additional to the tests in Appendix C and Appendix D
when operating conditions are not normal and it is necessary to operate a laden telehandler
fitted with a load handling device such as a side shift, which can displace the load centre of
gravity substantially from the longitudinal centre-plane of the telehandler (see Figure E1).
This requirement does not apply to telehandlers when handling suspended loads that may
swing freely. For such telehandlers, the other relevant requirements of this Standard shall
apply.
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E2 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY
When a telehandler is to be used for stacking (depositing or retrieving a load) on level
ground with the load centre of gravity substantially offset the longitudinal centre-plane of
the telehandler by a load-handling device such as a side shift, which may positively
displace the load a predetermined maximum amount, a special purpose capacity rating shall
be determined.
A substantial offset is considered to be as follows:
(a) More than 100 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity up to and including
6300 kg.
(b) More than 150 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity up to and including
10 000 kg.
(c) More than 250 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity higher than 10 000 kg up to
20 000 kg inclusive.
(d) More than 350 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity higher than 20 000 kg.
The following stability tests ensure that the type of telehandler specified has satisfactory
stability when used within the special rating and conditions.
E3 CONDITION OF TEST
E3.1 Equipment and method
Stability shall be verified by means of the test described hereafter using a test platform that
can be tilted about one side.
The telehandler under test shall be placed on the platform, which is initially in the
horizontal plane under the conditions described in Paragraph E4. The platform shall be
tilted slowly to the slope indicated for that position in the appropriate requirement. The
telehandler is considered stable if it passes the test without overturning.
For the purpose of this test, the overturning value of the test platforms slope is that which,
if increased, would produce complete overturning of the telehandler.
It is permissible in the test for one of the wheels to lose contact with the test platform, and
it is acceptable for the part of the structure or other designed features to make contact with
the test platform.
E3.2 Conditioning of the telehandler
The test shall be carried out with the telehandler ready for use without operator (fuel tanks
of engined telehandlers shall be full if stability is thereby reduced; all other tanks shall be
filled to their correct operating levels). The load-carrying means shall be fully equipped
with any protective or supplementary lifting apparatus supplied as original equipment.
Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressures specified by the manufacturer, and
where tyre ballast is permitted it shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
E3.3 Effect of the operator’s weight on stability
The operator of rider-controlled telehandlers shall be represented by a weight (mass) of
90 kg if the stability during the test is thereby decreased.
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For seated operator, the weight (mass) shall be secured with its centre of gravity 250 mm
above the operator’s seat in a compressed condition.
E3.4 Location of the telehandler on the test platform
The specified position of the telehandler on the test platform shall be maintained during
each test.
Wheel rotation shall be prevented by application of the hand brake, or service brakes which
may be secured in the ‘on’ position. Additionally, the wheels may be wedged against the
telehandler frame but in such a way that any axle/frame articulation is not affected.
Chocks or blocks may be used between the wheels and the test platform to prevent the
telehandler sliding out of position. The height of the chocks or blocks shall not exceed the
values indicated in Table E1.
TABLE E1
HEIGHT OF CHOCKS OR BLOCKS
Outside diameter (d) of the Maximum height of chocks
wheel (mm) or blocks
Up to 250 25 mm
Over 250 0.1 d
E4 TEST PROCEDURE
For industrial telehandlers, as for test T3 of Table C1 of Appendix C.
For rough terrain telehandlers, as for test T3 of Table D1 of Appendix D.
APPENDIX F
TELEHANDLERS OPERATING WITH OFFSET LOAD—OFFSET
DETERMINED BY THE UTILIZATION—ADDITIONAL STABILITY TESTS
(Normative)
F1 SCOPE
This Appendix specifies tests that are additional to the tests in Appendix C and Appendix D
when operating conditions are not normal and it is necessary to operate a laden telehandler
with the load centre of gravity substantially offset from the longitudinal centre-plane of the
telehandler (see Figure F1).
This requirement does not apply to telehandlers when handling suspended loads that may
swing freely. For such telehandlers, the other relevant requirements of this Standard will
apply.
Other requirements specify for the basic tests for the verification of stability under ‘normal
operating conditions’, where the definitions of ‘normal operating conditions is contained’ in
each relevant requirement.
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F2 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY
When a telehandler is to be used for stacking (depositing or retrieving a load) on level
ground with the load centre of gravity substantially offset from the longitudinal centre-
plane of the telehandler by an indeterminate amount caused either by the nature of the load
being handled, or by the load-handling device employed, a special purpose capacity rating
shall be determined.
A substantial offset is considered to be as follows:
(a) More than 100 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity up to and including
6300 kg.
(b) More than 150 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity up to and including
10 000 kg.
(c) More than 250 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity higher than 10 000 kg up to
20 000 kg inclusive.
(d) More than 350 mm—for telehandler with a rated capacity higher than 20 000 kg up to
50 000 kg inclusive.
The following stability tests in these requirements ensure that the type of telehandler
specified has satisfactory stability when used within the special rating and conditions.
F3 CONDITION OF TEST
F3.1 Equipment and method
Stability shall be verified by means of the test described hereafter using a test platform that
can be tilted about one side.
The telehandler under test shall be placed on the platform, which is initially in the
horizontal plane (see Paragraph F4). The platform shall be tilted slowly to the slope
indicated for that position in the appropriate requirement. The telehandler is considered
stable if it passes the test without overturning.
For the purpose of this test, the overturning value of the test platform’s slope is that which,
if increased would produce complete overturning of the telehandler.
It is permissible in the test for one of the wheels to lose contact with the test platform, and
it is acceptable for the part of the structure or other designed features to make contact with
the test platform.
F3.2 Conditioning of the telehandler
The test shall be carried out with the telehandler ready for use without operator (fuel tanks
of engined telehandlers shall be full if stability is thereby reduced; all other tanks shall be
filled to their correct operating levels). The load-carrying means shall be fully equipped
with any protective or supplementary lifting apparatus supplied as original equipment.
Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressures specified by the manufacturer, and
where tyre ballast is permitted it shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
F3.3 Effect of the operator’s weight on stability
The operator of rider-controlled telehandlers shall be represented by a weight (mass) of
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The test load shall be a weight (mass) equivalent to the rated load (Q) acting through a
centre of gravity (G), normally positioned at the standard load centre distance (D),
horizontally from the front face of the fork shank and vertically from the upper face of the
fork blade (see Figure F2).
The centre of gravity (G) shall be offset laterally by the maximum amount that it is
anticipated will be encountered in actual operation.
If the manufacturer shows other possible ratings on the rated capacity charts, tests shall be
carried out with maximum load at the corresponding heights as well as with the load
corresponding to the maximum heights.
TABLE F1
HEIGHT OF CHOCKS OR BLOCKS
Outside diameter (d) of Maximum height of
the wheel (mm) chocks or blocks
Up to 250 25 mm
Over 250 0.1d
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the overturning of the telehandler or the displacement
of the test load during the tests.
Where lashings are used to prevent the telehandler overturning, they shall be sufficiently
supple and arranged with sufficient slack so that no appreciable restriction is imposed on
the telehandler until the overturning movement starts.
Displacement of the test load can be prevented by means such as—
(a) firmly securing to the load carrier; and
(b) suspending near the ground by means of a rope, chain, etc., in such a manner that the
upper end of the suspension means acts at point G where the centre of gravity of a
fixed test load would otherwise be located.
F4 TEST PROCEDURE
For industrial telehandlers, as for test T3 of Table C1 of Appendix C.
For rough terrain telehandlers, as for test T3 of Table D1 of Appendix D.
APPENDIX G
PROCEDURE FOR TESTING STEERING WHEEL KICK-BACK
(Normative)
G1 SCOPE
This Appendix applies to self-propelled telehandlers with a capacity equal to or less than
10 000 kg. It provides an objective assessment of the amount of movement at the steering
wheel (described as kick-back) as a result of the steer wheel(s) hitting an obstacle. This test
is not required for telehandlers fitted with non-reactive full power-assisted steering.
G2 TEST ARRANGEMENT
G2.1 General
The test involves driving a subject telehandler in a predetermined manner at a fixed
obstacle and verifying that the resultant reaction at the steering wheel is within defined
limits.
G2.2 Test area
The tests shall be carried out on a substantially flat level surface.
G2.3 Test obstacle
The obstacle (e.g., a kerb) shall be firmly fixed to the ground and be of such a form that the
side presented to the telehandler in the test is substantially vertical and is sufficiently rigid
and robust that, in the event of it becoming deformed, the test results are not adversely
affected. The forward edge of the obstacle may be rounded, provided its radius does not
exceed 30 mm or 30% of the height of the obstacle, whichever is the lesser. The height of
the obstacle shall be 100 mm maximum or 10 mm less then the ground clearance of the
parts of the telehandler which protrude over the obstacle during the test, whichever is the
lesser.
G2.4 Reaction measurement
The reaction at the steering wheel rim, equivalent to one lightly held by an operator, shall
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be simulated by some device such as a 1 kg weight attached by two flexible cords and four
smooth pins (see Figure G1). The tension in both cords shall be equal in order to counteract
deflections in either direction and the weight arranged to move as nearly vertical as
practical.
G3 TEST PROCEDURE
The test is conducted using an unladen telehandler travelling at a speed of approximately
3 km/h, the driving force and contact with the steering wheel is removed immediately
before impact, the obstacle is approached from both sides at an angle of approximately 30°
with the telehandler’s steered wheel(s) leading and in a straight ahead position (see
Figures G2 and G3). Two tests shall be carried out from each side.
NOTE: If the steering wheel reaction is excessive (well outside the acceptable level), the test
weight may jump upwards; it should therefore be restrained to prevent injury to the tester (e.g.,
by a slack tether).
G4 RESULTS
The steering reaction is considered acceptable if during the moment of impact the steering
wheel does not rotate by more than 1/8th of a turn.
1
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59
NOTES
AS 1418.19—2007
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AS 1418.19—2007
60
NOTES
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