Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
3. The Ammeter shown in the figure has a PMMC instrument with a coil resistance if Rm = 99
and full scale current of 0.1 mA, the shunt Resistor is Rsh = 1 . The total current passing
through Ammeter at 25% of full scale deflection is ________________.
(a) 0.50 mA
(b) 2.45 mA
(c) 2.5 mA
(d) 2.47 mA
4. Which of the following instruments has it reading independent of the waveform and
frequency of the ac supply
5. In an induction type of meter, maximum torque is produced when the phase angle
between the two fluxes is?
6. Two wattmeter connected to measure the input to a balanced 3 phase circuit indicate
2000 W and 500 W respectively. Then the power factor of the load is _________.
7. The current coil of a wattmeter is connected in series with an ammeter and an inductive
load the voltage coil of the wattmeter is connected across 240 V, 100 Hz ac supply. The
armature needs 4.5 A and wattmeter reading 23 watt. The voltage coil has a resistance of
2000 and inductance of 10 mH. Ignoring the voltage drops across the ammeter and the
current coil then the percentage error in wattmeter reading is
8. A 3 , 500 V motor load has a power factor 0.4. Two watt meters connected to measure
the input power. They show the input to be 30 kW. Then the reading of each wattmeter is
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d)A is false but R is true
i ii iii iv
(a) q r s p
(b) r q p s
(c) s p q r
(d) p s r q
11. An ammeter has a current range of 0-5 A, and its internal resistance is 0.2. In order to
change the range to 0-25 A. We need to add a resistance of
12. In electrodynamometer type wattmeters, the inductance of pressure coil produces error.
The error is
13. An energy meter is designed to make 200 revolution of the disc for 2 kWh of energy. It
is connected to a load carrying 50A at 230 V and 0.6 power factor for an hour. The no. of
revolutions made by meter will be ______________ .
14. A basic D′ Arsonval movement with a full scale deflection of 50 μA and internal resistance
of 500 Ω is used as voltmeter. The value of the multiplier resistance needed to employ this
meter to measure a voltage range of (0 - 10) V is given
15. Consider the following data for the circuit shown below:
16. Two milli ammeters with full scale currents 1 mA and 10 mA are connected in parallel
and they read 0.5 mA and 2.5 mA respectively. Their internal resistances are in the ratio
(a) 1 : 10 (b) 10 : 1
(c) 1 : 5 (d) 5 : 1
17. Average response rectifier type electronic voltmeter has a dc voltage of 10 V applied to it
_________ V is the meter reading.
18. The inductance of a moving iron ammeter with a full scale deflection of 90° at 1.5 A, is
given by the expression L=(200 + 40θ – 4θ2 – θ3) μH, where θ is the deflection in radian from
the zero position. Estimate the angular deflection of the pointer for a current of 1 A.
19. The power flowing a 3φ, 3 wire balanced load system is measured by two wattmeter
method. The reading of wattmeter ‘M’ is 7500 W and of wattmeter ‘N’ is –1500 W. If the
voltage of the circuit is 400 V. What is the value of capacitance which must be introduced in
each phase to cause the whole of the power measured to appear on wattmeter ‘M’. The
frequency is 50 Hz.
20. A 230V, 1-φ, watt hour meter has a constant current of 4 A passing through it for 6 hours
at unity power factor. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions during this period, calculate
the power factor of the load if the number of revolutions made by the meter are 1472 when
operating at 230V and 5A for 4 hours.
22. A rectifier type of instruments uses a basic PMMC movement of 50μA and a resistance of
1000Ω. It employs a full wave rectifier circuit with forward resistance of each diode being
1000Ω. The reverse resistance of the diodes is infinite. The range of the instruments is 0-10 V
ac sinusoidal. ___________ kΩ is the series multiplier
24. An electro dynamometer wattmeter measures power in 1 - φ circuit. Load voltage 230V ,
50Hz and current 5A at lagging pf of 0.1, wattmeter potential coil circuit resistance is 10 kΩ
and inductance is 100mH then ___________% error will be the error.
25. Design a universal shunt meter with current ranges of 10 mA and 50 mA; with a d.c.
ammeter of internal resistance 100 Ω and full-scale current of 100 μA. If R1 and R2 are
resistances required then sum of R1 and R2 is
(a) 1.21
(b) 1.31
(c) 1.41
(d) 1.51
26. Which of the following devices is used at the first stage of an electronic voltmeter?
27. Two 100V F.S.D PMMC type dc volt meters having figure of merit of 10 kΩ/V and 20
kΩ/V are connected in series. The series combination can be used to measure a maximum dc
voltage of ________ V.
28. A half wave rectifier type instruments is connected to a square wave of peak to peak
amplitude 10 V. Find out the % error in the reading.
29. A 50A, 230V meter on full load test, makes 61 revolution in 37 sec normal disc speed is
520 rev/ kWhr. The percentage error is
30. A moving iron voltmeter calibrated for 50Hz supply and having an inductance of the coil
as 0.80H draw 0.1A when connected to 500V ac. What will be its reading when connected to
400 V dc?
(b) 0.06 A (b) 0.08 A
(c) 0.10 A (d) 0.12 A
31. The PMMC ammeter A in the figure below has a range of 0 to 3 mA. When switch S is
opened, the pointer of the ammeter swings to the 1 mA mark, returns and settles at 0.9 mA.
The meter is:
32. An Electrodynamic wattmeter is employed to measure power in a single phase circuit the
load voltage is 220 V and the load current is 4A, at a lagging power factor of 0.1. The
wattmeter potential coil has a resistance of 10,000Ω and an inductive reactance negligible
compared to resistance. _________. Percentage error will be in the wattmeter reading. When
inductance of coil is 100 mH and pressure coil is connected on load side.
33. An electrostatic voltmeter reading upto 2000 V is controlled by a spring with a torsion
constant of 510–6 Nm/rad has a full scale deflection of 90°. The capacitance at zero voltage
is 15 pF. The capacitance when the pointer indicates 2000 V is ________ pF.
34. Consider the circuit shown below with the following data:
35. Calculate the value of the multiplier resistor for a 10Vrms range on the voltmeter as shown
in the figure given below.
(a) 2.3 k
(b) 3.3 k
(c) 4.3 k
(d) 5.3 k
37. Calculate the constants of a shunt to extend the range of 0-5A moving iron ammeter to
0-50 A. The instrument constants are R = 0.09 and L = 90H. If the shunt is made non-
inductive and the combination is correct on d.c. find the full scale error at 50 Hz.
38. The coil of a 300V moving iron voltmeter has an inductance of 0.8H. The instrument
reads correctly at 50 Hz a.c. supply and takes 100 mA at full scale deflection. What is the
percentage error in the instrument reading, when it is connected to 200 V d.c. supply.
40. An energy meter rated as 5A, 230 V makes 500 revolutions per kWh. If in a test at full
load unity power factor, it makes 5 revolutions in 30 seconds. Then which of the following
statement is true
41. A conventional rectifier type ac voltmeter (generally has a full-wave bridge circuit with a
PMMC meter calibrated in rms values) is used to measure a voltage given by
v(t) V0 10 sin314t volts
Calculate the readings of the meter for V0 = 10 volts (assume no diode and neglecting cut-in
voltage)
42. For an electrodynamometer ammeter. The mutual inductance M varies with deflection
( is in degree) as M = 6 cos( + 45o) mH. For a direct current of 50 mA corresponding to a
deflection of 60o, the deflecting torque will be ________ Nm.
43. In a moving coil instrument, the moving coil consists of 100 turns wound on a square
former of length 3 cm. The flux density in the air gap is 0.06 T. __________ 10-7 N-m is the
turning moment acting on the coil when carrying a current of 12 mA.
44. A current of i 0.5 0.3sin t 0.2 sin t A is passed through the circuit shown in figure
given below, _____________ ampere is the sum of reading of each instrument. 106 rad / s
45. The power flowing in a 3-, 3 wire balanced load system is measured by the two
wattmeter method. The reading of wattmeter A is 500 watts and wattmeter B is 100 watts.
The power factor of the system is
46. The power flowing in a 3-, 3 wire balanced load system is measured by the two
wattmeter method. The reading of wattmeter A is 500 watts and wattmeter B is 100 watts.
If the voltage of the circuit is 440 volts. The value of capacitive reactance which must be
introduced into each phase to cause the whole of the power measured to appear on
wattmeter A is
47. Design a multirange ammeter with range of 0-1 A, 5A and 10A employing individual
shunt in each A D’Arsonval movement with an internal resistance of 500 and a full scale
deflection of 10mA is available. The value of shunt resistance
48. The reading of an electrodynamometer ammeter when a current 8 6 sin t A is
2
passed through it, will be
(c) 6 A (b) 8 A
(c) 10 A (d) 9.06 A
49. A half wave rectifier type instrument 0-1 volt is to be used for the voltage range 0 to 10
volt. __________ k is the value of multiplier resistance, if full-scale deflection 1mA.
Neglecting diode resistance i.e. (rd = 0).
50. A 10A range Electrodynamic ammeter is controlled by a spring having torsion constant
of 10-7 N-m per degree. The full scale deflection is 110o. _________ H is the inductance of
the instrument when measuring a current of 10A. The initial inductance is 2H and the
change of inductance is linear with deflection of the moving coil.
51. The current passing through a 10 ohm resistor in figure-1, has the waveform shown in
figure-2. The reading of the MI voltmeter connected across the resistor is
(b) 0 V
(c) 75 V
(d) 85 V
(e) 92 V
52. The coil of a moving iron voltmeter has a resistance of 20 ohms and an inductance of
0.3H. It is connected in series with a swamping resistance of 2000 ohms. The capacitor
connected in shunt with the swamping resistance for making the meter read correctly at dc
as well as 50 Hz ac will have a value of
(e) 0.125 F
(f) 0.330 F
(g) 0.521 F
(h) 0.622 F
53. A Thermocouple instrument reads 10 A at full scale. The current at which it reads 1/3rd of
its full scale is
54. The coil of a 250 V MI voltmeter has a resistance of 600 and an inductance of 0.9 H.
The instrument reads correctly at 50 Hz ac supply and takes a current of 150 mA at its full
scale deflection. What is the percentage error in the instrument reading, when it is
connected to 200 V dc supply?
(b) 1.5 % (b) 2.5%
(c) 3.5 % (d) 4.5 %
55. The inductance of a moving iron instrument is given by: L 10 5 2 H . Where is
6
the deflection in radian from zero position. The spring constant is 1210 Nm/rad. Estimate
the deflection for a current of 5A.
56. The network shown below in figure, is connected to a 400 V, 3-phase supply having
phase sequence abc. A wattmeter W is connected with the current coil (M L) in phase ‘a’
and potential across phase ‘b’ and ‘c’ as shown below in the circuit. _________ watts is the
reading of the wattmeter. Take Vab as reference.
57. A voltage: 100sin t 60cos 3t 30o 40sin 5t 45o V is applied to the pressure
coil circuit of a wattmeter and through the current coil of 8sin t 6cos 5t 120o A is
passed. The reading of watt-meter will be
(b) 439 W (b) 497 W
(c) 431 W (d) 423 W
58. The range of 2 kV electrostatic voltmeter is need to be extended to 20 kV. The voltmeter
capacitance is 0.5pF. The traditional capacitor is connected for this purpose is ____________ pF
with series to meter.
59. A voltage: 100sin t 60cos 3t 30o 40sin 5t 45o V is applied to the pressure
coil circuit of a wattmeter and through the current coil of 8sin t 6cos 5t 120o A is
passed. What percentage of this power is due to fundamental component?
60. In which type of instrument, calibration is the same for AC and DC supply
I Rm
(a) m (b) m 1
Im R sh
R sh
(c) m 1 (d) Both (a) & (b)
Rm
Instruments Used in
1. Moving iron (a) AC & DC
2. PMMC (b) AC only
3. Dynamometers (c) DC only
64. 12V electro dynamometer is controlled by a spring having a torsion constant of 0.210-6
N-m/degree, the full scale deflection is 120o. Determine the full scale deflecting torque.
65. A PMMC instruments has a coil of dimensions 12 mm 10 mm. The flux density in the
air gap is 0.20 wb/m2. If the coil is wound for 150 turns, carrying a current of 6 mA, then
calculate the deflecting torque.
66. In the figure shown below, the voltage across the resistance 50k is to be measured by a
voltmeter of sensitivity 25k/V in 50V range. The reading of the voltmeter is ______________ V.
67. While performing load test on a 3-phase wound-rotor induction motor by two wattmeter
method, the readings obtained by two watt meters are +15kW and 5kW and the line
voltage is 440V. The line current is ______________ A.
68. A DC voltmeter uses 200A meter movement having an internal resistance of 500. The
value of multiplier on the 20V range is _______________ k.
69. A moving iron ammeter has the following data Control spring constant
N.m / rad . Current, I 5A, L 7 4 0.8 H . The deflection is _______ degrees.
2
7 10 6
70. The energy consumed by a 210V, 1- circuit within 720 seconds, if the current taken by
the circuit is 5A at unity power factor is _____________________ Wh.
72. If a moving coil instrument is used as an series ohm-meter, then the indicating scale of
the meter will be
(d) Hyperbolic (b) Logarithmic
(d) Linear (d) Inverse Linear
73. Two voltmeters one with a full scale reading of 200V and another with a full scale reading
of 400V are connected in series across a 200V supply. If the internal resistances of both
meters are same, then their reading could be
74. If a meter having sensitivity of 1k/V is used for the measurement of voltage across a
circuit having an output resistance of 1k and an open circuit voltage of 10V then the
reading of the meter on it’s 10V scale is _______________ V.
75. If the power in a 3- four wire circuit having balanced load, then the power can be
measured by using
(a) 2-Wattmeter method (b) 1-Wattmeter method
(c) 4-Watt meter method (d) None of these
77. The following figure shown in 0-1 mA, 100 DC-Ammeter is required to measure 1V.
Then the series Resistance required is _______________.
78. A 0-10V PMMC meter reads 4V reading. Suddenly spring snaps at one place, then the
meter reading will be ______________.
79. A 3-phase 600V motor load has a power factor of 0.5. Two wattmeters connected to
measure the input are to be 40W. Find the reading of each instrument.
80. A meter constant of a energy meter is 2000 revolutions per kWh. The meter is found to
make 500 revolutions in 300 sec. The energy recorded in meter is ____________ kWh.
81. A PMMC ammeter indicates 20mA where connected across two opposite corners of a
bridge rectifier and the other two corners which are connected in series with the capacitor to
a 100V, 50Hz supply. The value of capacitance is ______________ nF.
82. If a moving iron ammeter produces a full scale torque of 300 N-M with a deflection of
120o at a current 20A, then the rate of change of self inductance at a full scale is (in H/rad)
is _________________.
83. A moving coil instrument whose resistance is 30 gives a full-scale deflection with a
current of 1mA. This instrument is connected to manganin shunt to extend its range to
10mA. Determine the error caused by 10o rise temperature when copper moving coil
connected directly across the manganin shunt. The temperature co-efficient of copper is
0.004/oC and that of manganin is 0.00015/oC.
84. A 230V, 1- Watt hour meter has a constant load 4A passing through it for 6 hours at
UPF and the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions during this period. The meter constant M is
_____ rev/kWh
85. A 10V full scale voltmeter having 100k/V sensitivity is used to measure the output of a
photo voltaic cell having an internal resistance 2M. If the voltmeter reads 5V, then the
voltage generated by the photovoltaic cell is
(e) I, I (b) I, I2
(e) I2, I (d) I2, I2
90. A PMMC instrument with a full scale deflection current of 50A and meter resistance
Rm=1700 is to be converted as a voltmeter with ranges of 10V, 50V and 100V when the
switch is connected to A, B and C respectively as shown in the figure. What are the value of
multiplier resistance R1, R2 and R3 ?
91. A galvanometer is tested in the circuit where E=1.5V, R1=1.0, R2=2500 and R3 is
variable, with R3 set at 450, the galvanometer deflection is 140 mm and with R3 set at 950,
the galvanometer deflection is 70 mm. The resistance of the galvanometer is ______________
92. In the circuit shown in the figure, the wattmeter reading will be ___________ W.
93. The dc current flowing in a circuit is measured by two ammeters, one PMMC and another
electrodynamometer type, connected in series. The PMMC meter contains 100 turns in the
coil, the flux density in the air gap is 0.2 Wb/m2, and the area of the coil is 80 mm2. The
electrodynamometer ammeter has a change in self inductance with respect to deflection of
0.5 mH/deg. The spring constant of both meters are equal. The value of current, it which
the deflection of the two meters are same, is _____________ A.
94. A correctly adjusted, 1, 240 V Induction Watt Hour meter has a meter constant of 600
revolutions per kWh; at a load current of 10 A with 0.8 pf lagging. If the lag adjustments is
altered so that the phase angle between voltage flux and applied voltage is 86o. Then the
error introduced in meter is ________ %
95. The coil of a 300 V M.I. voltmeter has a resistance of 500 and an inductance of 0.8 H.
The instrument read correctly at 50 Hz ac supply and taken 100 mA at full scale deflection.
What will be the instrument reading when it is connected to 200 V dc supply is?
96. A three phase, 400 V load has power factor of 0.6 lagging. The two wattmeters read a
total input power of 20 kW. Then the reading of each wattmeter
97. A 500 V, 25 A dynamometer instrument is used as a wattmeter. Its current coil has 0.1
resistance and pressure coil has 25 k resistance with negligible inductance. What is the
error in the instrument if is used to measure the power in a circuit with supply voltage of 500
V, load current of 24A at 0.2 p.f. Assume that the pressure coil is connected across load side.
98. The meter A has a range of (0 – 100) V and multiplier resistance of 25 k. The meter B
has a range (0-1000) V and a multiplier resistance of 150 k. Both meters have basic meter
resistance of 1 k. Which meter is more sensitive?
99. In a particular test the two wattmeters are 4 kW and 1 kW, then the total power and pf, if
second meter connections reversed.
100. A single phase energy meter having a constant of 100 revolutions per kWh makes 360
revolutions, when the connected load draws a current of 42 A at 230 V and 0.4 power factor
lagging for an hour. The percentage error in the meter
101. An instrument gives maximum deflection for any amount of quantity passed through it.
Which of following pair is present?
(a) 960 k
(b) 890.7 k
(c) 870.3 k
(d) 970.5 k
104. An AC energy meter is tested for half hour run at a supply voltage of 230 with current
of 15A at 0.8 pf lag. The dial reading at the beginning of test was 60.5 and at the end was
62.5. The meter constant is 1500 rev/kWh the meter revolutions registered during the test
were 1200. Find error in registration.
105. A voltage 100sin t 40cos 3t 30o 50sin 5t 45o V is applied to the pressure
coil circuit of a wattmeter and through the current coil is passed a current of
8sin t 6cos 5t 120o A . What percentage of reading on the wattmeter is due to
fundamental?
106. A 5A, 230V electrodynamics type wattmeter scale having 100 divisions. The current coil
carries a current of 2 cos(314 t)A . The voltage across the pressure coil is 2 sin(314 t)V .
The needle of the wattmeter will move
107. A PMMC instrument with a FSD current of 70A and meter resistance Rm=1500 is to
be converted as a voltmeter with ranges of 20V, 60V, 120V. When the switch is connected to
A, B and C respectively as shown in figure. What are the values of multiplier resistance R 1, R2
& R3
(a) 256.47
(b) -256.47
(c) -396.78
(d) 396.78
109. For the Network shown in the figure the voltage across terminal AB is measured by two
different voltmeters P & Q. The sensitivities of voltmeter P and Q are 2k/volt and 30
k/volt respectively. Which of the following statement is true regarding the measurement?
Solutions
1. Ans: (d)
Solution: PMMC Instruments are used for dc measurements only because permanent
magnet is employed in these instruments. So when as signal is applied, the pointer cannot
follow the rapid reversal of ac signal and the deflection corresponds to mean torque, which
is zero
2. Ans: (a)
Solution: In PMCC instruments, as temperature increases the coil resistance increases.
Swamp resistors are connected in series with the moving coil to provide temperature
compensation. Swamping resistors is made of manganian, which has a zero temperature
coefficient.
3. Ans: (c)
4. Ans: (b)
Solution: Hot wire instruments have square law type scale. They read rms value of current
and the readings are independent of frequency and waveform.
5. Ans: (c)
Solution: Td VI sin where ∆ is the angle between two fluxes
For maximum torque ∆ should be 900
7. Ans: (b)
L
Solution: tan1 0.18
0
R
Pm VI cos cos -=> 23=240 4.5 cos 0.180 cos -
88.96 o
Pt VL IL cos 19.6watts
Pm Pt 23 19.6
% error 100 100 17.34 %
Pt 19.6
8. Ans: (b)
Solution: P1 P2 30 kW
3 P1 P2 3 P1 P2
tan= => 2.291 => P1 P2 39.68 kW
P1 P2 30
P1 34.85 kW
P2 4.85 kW
9. Ans: (a)
Solution: Both A & R are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of ‘A’
Current in shunt I IR Im 25 5 20 A
1
20 R sh 5 0.2 => R sh 0.05
20
2000
Resistance of each phase = 3.44
24.1
2
9.55 3.44
2 2
Reactance of each phase = 8.9
In order that one of the wattmeter should read zero, the power factor should be 0.5
cos 0.5 and tan 1.73
X
Now. tan
R
Reactance of circuit, X R tan 3.44 1.73 5.9
Capacitive reactance required 8.9 5.9 3
1
and capacitance, C F 1060F
2 50 3
5000 8.98
2 2
Rs 5000
Method I
True power =PT VI cos 115 Watt
Reading for lagging pf
Method II
% error tan . tan 100 tan 84.26o tan 0.18o 100 3.14%
Z R 2 L R
2
400
I 0.08 A
4993.68
33. Ans: 21 to 22
1 V 2 dc
Solution: Steady deflection, = . , When rad,
2 K d 2
2 2 5 10 6
dc 2K 2 2
3.93 10 12 F/rad
d V 2 V2
2
2 10 3
Method 2
0.45 Erms 0.45 10V
Rs Rm 200 4.3 k
1mA 1mA
R 0.09
Resistance of shunt, R sh 0.01
m 1 10 1
With d.c., the current through the meter for a total current of 50 A is,
R sh 0.01
Im I 50 5A
R R sh 0.09 0.01
With 50 Hz the current through the meter for a total current of 50 A is
R sh 0.01
Im I 50 4.81 A
sh
0.09 0.01 2 50 90 10
2 2 2
R R L
2 2 6
3000 251.3
2 2
Resistance of meter circuit= Z2 X2 2989.45
200
Current taken by meter at 200 V, 50 Hz supply= 0.0667A
3000
200
Current taken by meter at 200 V, DC supply= 0.0669A
2989.45
Since, the deflection is proportional to the operating current and also the instrument reads
correctly with 50 Hz a.c.
Hence reading of instrument with 200 V dc
Current with 200 volt d.c. reading with 200 volt 50 Hz a.c 0.0669
= 200 200.6V
Current with 200 volt 50 Hz a.c. 0.0667
415
Apparent power = VI* 120o 2.0756.87o 497.17126.86o
3
Reading of wattmeter = VI cos=497.17 cos 126.86o 298.23 watt ...... (Active power)
dM
2
Now, deflecting torque Td I2 50 10 3 5.795 10 3 14.49Nm
d
Vp 440 / 3
Load impedance per phase, Zp 173.76
Ip 1.462
Load resistance per phase, Rp Zp cos 62.38
Method-2
R
R sh m
m 1
I
m
Im
m 1
I = maximum value of current measured.
V V V
........(2)
Z 1 1
Rs 2000
jC j2fC
jL R Se j2f 0.3 20
1 1
Rs 2000
jC j2fC
200
Current taken by meter at 200 V ac = 0.12 A
1667 ’
200
Current taken by meter at 200 V dc = 0.122 A
1643
0.122
As the meter reads correctly for ac, dc voltage = 200 203V
0.12
203 200
Percentage error = 0.015 1.5%
200
1 I2 dL
The deflection is,
2 K d
5 5 2 106
2
1
or θ=
2 12 10 6
On solving, we get
=1.69 rad = 1.69 180/ degree 96.8o
I Rm
Solution: m and R sh
Im m1
Rm
m 1
R sh
66. Ans: 49 to 50
Solution: Voltmeter reisitance in 50V = 50 25 =1250k
By potential divider rule
50 || 1250 48.07
Voltage measured by voltmeter 100 100 49.01V
50 (50 || 1250) 98.07
© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 39 www.kreatryx.com
Measurement (Electromechanical Instruments)
1 I2 dL
Solution: 4 1.6 10 6 H/rad
2 K d
5
2
1
2 7 106
4 1.6 10 6
1.79(4 1.6) 1.853 rad (or) 106.17o
dM
0.167H / rad
d
dM 0.167d 0.167 120 0.350H
180
Total inductance 3 0.35 3.35H
78. Ans: 0
Solution: The spring gives the controlling torque and is connected in series with the coil, if
the spring is snapped then there will be no current into the coil and hence no deflecting
torque and no deflection and it comes to zero.
3 P1 P2 3 P1 P2
tan => 3
P1 P2 40
P1 P2 40 ..............(1)
P1 P2 40 ..............(2)
P1 40, P2 0W
2Vn 2 2Vrms 2 2
Solution: Vavg 100V 90V
Vavg 90 9
Iavg XC K
XC 20mA 2
1 9
K
2fc 2
1 2
C 103 0.707F
2 50 9
1 2 dL 1 dL
Solution: T I 400
2 d 2 d
dL 6
1.5H / rad
d 4
I 10mA
Solution: m 10;
Im 1mA
Rm 30
R sh 3.33
m1 9
Increment resis tance for 10oC, Rmt Rm (1 T) 30 1 10 0.004 31.2
R sht 3.33 1 10 0.00015 3.335
3.335
Imt 10mA 0.9656mA;
31.2 3.335
Im 1mA
Error due to rise in temperature = 0.9656 1 100 3.44%
I 30mA
Solution: m 10
Im 3mA
Rm 10
R sh 1.11
m1 9
V2 50V
R2 R1 R m 198.3k 1700 800k
Im 50A
When connected to 'C' the range is 100V
V2
R m R1 R 2 R 3
Im
V2 100V
R3 R 2 R1 R m 800k 198.3k 1700 1 M
Im 50A
91. Ans: 49
Solution: The variation of R3 has no effect on the total current It
R1
Galvanometer current Ig I t
R1 R 3 R G
1
So, Ig1 I1 .............(1)
1 450 R G
1
Ig2 I1 .............(2)
1 950 R o
From given data, the deflection of galvanometer with Ig1 is 140 mm and that Ig2 is 70mm
Ig1 140
2
Ig2 70
1 2 1 950 R o
2 1 450 R o
2R G 902 951 R G
R G 49
V 200
Idc 0.06690
R 2989.45
0.1 300V
0.06691 200.73V
96. Ans: (c)
Solution: W1 W2 20kW and cos1 0.6
3 W W 3 W W
tan1
1 2
=> 53.13 tan1 1 2
W1 W2 20kW
3 W1 W2
1.333 tan1 => W1 W2 15.396 kW
20kW
W1 W2 20 kW and W1 W2 15.39 kW
W1 17.698 kW
W2 2.302 kW
E Et 3.6 3.864
% error m 100 100 6.83%
Et 3.864
Since error is negative so meter is running slower.
Ipeak
applied Peak voltage rectifier voltage drop
total circuit resistance
Rectiifer volt drops 2Vdrop fro D1 and D4 (or) D2 and D3
Applied peak voltage 2 Vrms
Total circuit resistance Rs Rm
2 Vrms 2Vdrop
Ipeak Rm
Ipeak
Rs
2 Vrms 2Vdrop
Rm
2 100V 2 0.7V
1k
Ipeak 157A
R s 890.7k
Wattmeter reading is
1
W 100 8 Cos 0 6 50 cos 30 45 438.8
2
1
The fundamental power is = 100 8 400W
2
400
The wattmeter reading w.r.t fundamental power = 100 91.2%
438.8
110. Ans: 2
Solution: In figure, V(t) by KVL = 200sin(100t) – 200sin(101t)
= 400 cos 100.5t sin 0.5t= [400 sin 0.5t] cos100.5t
The amplitude of the 50. 25 Hz voltage is 400 sin 0.5t and is slowly changing with time. The
rms voltage across the voltmeter is also slowly changing with time. At t=0, the rms value is
0. Again at t=2 sec, the rms value is zero. So the time period between two successive zero
readings of voltmeter is 2 sec.
We recommend you to take the Chapter Test first and then check
the Solutions.
2. Ans: (b)
Solution: T BINA, ( A L D)
T 1.2 2 103 200 2.5 102 2 102 240 106 Nm
3. Ans: (c)
Solution: Let the actual voltage and current are I1 and V1, respectively, then
Current in Current coil is 20A
1000
20 I1 I1 20A
1000 0.2
Apply KVL
200 V1 0.02 20 V1 200.40V
Power measured = Pm V1I1 cos 200.40 20 1 4.008 kW
Load power PL 200 20 cos 4 kW
(For UPF cosФ=1)
P -P 4008 4000
% change = m L 100 0.2%
PL 4000
Hence measured power is 0.2% more as compared to load power.
4. Ans: (b)
Solution: During 313 revolutions the meter would record 313 60 A-S or Coulombs. The
time taken is 13 minutes or 780 seconds. So it corresponds to a current of
60 313
Ir 24.07A
60 13
Energy recorded by the meter
VIr t 235 24.07 13
Wr kWh 1.22 KWh
1000 1000 60
Actual energy consumed
235 16 13
W 0.814 KWh
1000 60
W W 1.222 0.814
Percentage error r 100 100 50.12%
W 0.814
5. Ans: (a)
VL IL cos 230 42 0.4
Solution: ET h 1 3.864 kWh
1000 1000
rev 360
Em 3.6 kWh
k 100
3.6 3.864
So, %error 100 6.83%
3.864
6. Ans: (d)
Solution: when voltage coil is connected between neutral and red phase
400
VphIph cos 5.54 103 => 30 cos 5.54 103
3
cos 0.8 and sin 0.6
When voltage coil is connected between blue and yellow phase
400
W 3 VphIph sin 3 30 0.6 7.2 kVAR
3
7. Ans: (c)
Solution: In steady state condition Tc Td
1 2 dL 1
Kc I => 12 10 6 25 5 2 10 6
2 d 2
8. Ans: (c)
Solution: PMMC instrument only dc value so
IPMMC 8 A
rms meter reads rms value so
2
6 2
8
2
Irms 64 36 10 A
2
IMI 10 A
Readings are IPMMC ,Irms ,IMI = 8 A,10 A,10 A
9. Ans: (a)
Solution: I2
Since, reading is proportional to deflection. Hence,
Reading I2
2
100 1
=> 25V
0.5
200 200
2 2
so, I R C
2
=> R C 0.01
10000 10000 20
2
From above circuit it is clear that during negative half-cycle meter is open circuited due to
diode D2. Reverse saturation current is the current that flows in diode when reverse voltage
is applied without D2, even though diode is open circuited, voltage across D1 is AC voltage.
With diode D2 ON, the voltage across diode D1 is zero.
T0 0
2 0
/2 2
1 1 9 1 9 1 3 9 3
3 1 dt t 0 t /2 V
2 2 /2 2
Vrms =
2 0
dt
2 /2 2 2
V
2 2 2 2
4 4
12
Vrms V 3 V
4