Hybrid Of WiFi Signal-based And Image-based Localization

For Indoor Navigation And Location

Cañon, Jiedy-Ann A.; Untalan, Marko Zolo G.
(jacanon, mguntalan)@up.edu.ph

Research Objective
To provide an indoor localization system using a combination of signal-based and
visual-based localization in order to implement a navigation and location application in
Android mobile devices

Research Rationale
A. Indoor Mapping
a. Mapping of areas not covered by GPS
B. Indoor Navigation
a. Navigation in indoor environments
i. Malls
ii. Universities
iii. Libraries
C. Behavioral Studies
a. Tool for behavioral studies in indoor environments
D. Emergencies and Disasters
a. Navigation toward exits

Research Question
Can a model based on signal and image cues be an approximate model of human navigation
and localization in urban environments?

Thesis Statement
An indoor localization method suitable for navigation can be achieved using a hybrid of
WiFi-based and image-based localization.
Needed Materials
A. Data
a. Target Building: Melchor Hall
b. Image dataset of target building with labels
i. Clear and unobstructed views
ii. Obstructed views
c. WiFi
i. Location
ii. Technical Details
d. Floorplans of target building
B. Equipment
a. Laptop
b. Android Phone

Possible Methodologies
A. Signal-based Localization
a. WiFi SLAM
b. Round Trip Time (RTT)
c. Received Signal Strength (RSS)
i. RSSI Fingerprinting
B. Image-based Localization
a. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)-based methods
b. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Architectures
i. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN)
ii. Capsule Networks
C. Hybrid Localization
a. Model Stacking
b. Ensemble methods
c. Statistics-based combination
d. ANN Architectures
i. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Models
ii. Ring Attractor Models

Expected Research Problems

A. Problems Related to WiFi Signal
a. Random-like pattern of RSS over an area due to complex signal propagation
b. WiFi Coverages
c. Characterization of WiFi signals
B. Problems Related to Image Localization
a. Image Quality
b. Image Dataset
i. Quantity enough to capture sufficient features
 ii. Quantity enough for Machine Learning
C. Problems Related to Machine Learning
a. Choosing of right architecture
b. Training and Tuning
D. Problems Related to Mobile Device Limitations
a. Specifications
b. Processing Speed

Main References
A. Signal-based Localization
a. WiFi Localization and Navigation for Autonomous Indoor Mobile Robots
i. Joydeep Biswas
ii. Manuela Veloso
iii. A Smartphone Localization Algorithm Using RSSI and Inertial Sensor
Measurement Fusion
b. William Wei-Liang Li
i. Ronald A. Iltis
ii. Moe Z. Win
c. Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers A Software Approach
i. James Bao-yen Tsui
ii. Image-based Localization
B. Image-based Localization
a. Convolutional Neural Network-based Place Recognition
i. Zetao Chen
ii. Obadiah Lam
iii. Adam Jacobson
iv. Michael Milford
b. Light-weight Visual Place Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network
for Mobile Robots
i. Chanjong Park
ii. Junik Jang
iii. Lei Zhang
iv. Jae-Il Jung
c. Image-Based Localization Using LSTMs for Structured Feature Correlation
i. Caner Hazırbaş
ii. Torsten Sattler
iii. Laura Leal-Taixé
iv. Daniel Cremers
d. Deep Learning for Image-Based Localization
i. Florian Walch
e. Dynamic Routing Between Capsules
i. Geoffrey E. Hinton
 ii. Sara Sabour
iii. Nicholas Frosst
f. Transforming Auto-encoders
i. G. E. Hinton
ii. A. Krizhevsky
iii. S. D. Wang
g. Matrix Capsules With Em Routing
i. Geoffrey Hinton
ii. Sara Sabour
iii. Nicholas Frosst
C. Hybrid Model
a. An Analysis Of A Ring Attractor Model For Cue Integration
i. Xuelong Sun
ii. Michael Mangan
iii. Shigang Yue
b. Efficient low-dimensional approximation of continuous attractor networks
i. Alexander Seeholzer
ii. Moritz Deger
iii. Wulfram Gerstner
D. Other References
a. Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors
i. Geoffrey E. Hinton
ii. Nitish Srivastava
iii. Alex Krizhevsky
iv. Ilya Sutskever
v. Ruslan R. Salakhutdinov
b. The internal maps of insects
i. Barbara Webb