22 November 2019

SYNTHESIS OF COPPER HYDROXIDE

Walaipan Thamjaroensak (LingLing) 6161021

Jirapol Worakitkanwasin (Kim) 6161140
Raphiphan Limbundee (Liew) 6161202
Chatanee Sathianpun (Namhom) 6161179
Peerayut Yuvadeenivad (Art) 6161240

Abstract
In this experiment, we synthesized the two solutions which are C uSo 4 solution
reacted with 0.2g of NaOH and C uSo 4 reacted with 0.6g of NaOH. After that, we get a
solid product by using the filtering method. Lastly, we weigh the mass of filter paper and a
solid product. As a result of the experiment, we calculate the percent yield of the reaction and
analyzed the results.

Introduction
Copper Sulfate (CuSO​4​ ) consists of copper and sulfate ions. Sodium Hydroxide
consists of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide appears as a colorless
liquid while Copper Sulfate appears as white or off-white solid. (National Center for
Biotechnology Information, 2019). Copper Sulfate is only mild toxic but if person who
consumes Copper Sulfate and doesn’t vomit quickly. There will be Copper sulfate poisonings
include burning sensation in the chest or abdomen, metallic taste in mouth, nausea,
headaches, diarrhea and excessive sweating. (Travers, 2019). Sodium hydroxide is potentially
dangerous substance. If you drink, touch or breathe it, it will hurt you. There are some side
effects of consuming Sodium Hydroxide. It will cause severe burns and immediate vomiting,
nausea, diarrhea, and chest or stomach pain. If you breathe it, it will ​cause severe irritation of
the upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns and difficulty breathing. (Department of
health, 2019).
In this experiment, the purpose of this lab is to know how to calculate which one is
limiting reagent and excess reagent​ and ​balance the chemical equation. We are going to mix
Copper Sulfate (CuSO​4​ ) with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) in two different concentrations
and we will see how the reaction will be. Moreover, we are going to calculate the percent
yield and also the amount of product that you can make through the chemical equation.

Objective
The objective of this lab activity is to see the reaction when we mix the solution A
with solution B and solution A with solution C.
Material and Method
Materials:
- CuSO​4​ solution (Solution A 2.5g of CuSO​4​ in 50ml of water)
- NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2g of NaOH in 25ml of water)
- NaOH solution (Solution C 0.6g of NaOH in 25ml of water)
- 100ml beaker
- 50ml graduated cylinder
- Stirring rod
- Filter paper
- Weighing paper
- Spatula
- Watch glass
- Funnel
- Ring stand & clamp

Method
Experimental Day 1
- Preparation of CuSO​4​ solution (Solution A)
- Weigh 2.5g of CuSO​4​ dissolve in 50ml of water in 200 ml beaker
- Stir well by using the stirring rod for 2-3 minutes
- Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution B)
- Weigh 0.2g of NaOH dissolved in 25ml of water in 100ml beaker
- Stir well by using the stirring rod for 2-3 minutes
- Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution C)
- Weigh 0.6g of NaOH dissolved in 25ml of water in 100ml beaker
- Stir well by using the stirring rod for 2-3 minutes
- Synthesis of Cu(OH)​2
- Mix 25ml of CuSO​4​ solution (Solution A) with 25ml of NaOH solution
(Solution B)
- Stir for 2-3 minutes
- Weigh filter paper, and then record it on the data table
- Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique
- Rinse the solid product (the rest of the product left on beaker) with 10 ml of
distilling water
- Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 ml of ethanol to remove water
- Carefully remove filter paper with the filtered solid residue to watch glass
- Dry it overnight in the oven
- Repeat step 1-9 using 25ml of NaOH solution by using Solution C instead
Experimental Day 2
- Weigh the mass of filter paper and solid product
- Calculate the percent yield of the reaction

Results

Reaction Reaction Weight of Weight of Weight of Solid product

solution observation filter paper (g) filter paper Solid product observation
(chemical/physical + (g) (chemical/physical)
) Solid product
(g)

A+B chemical reaction 0.57 0.73 0.16 chemical reaction

A+C chemical reaction 0.57 1.06 0.49 chemical reaction

Discussion
In this synthesis of Cu(OH)2 lab, we used 3 solution which is CuSO4 (solution A), NaOH
(0.2g of NaOH in 25 ml of water / solution B), and NaOH (0.6g of NaOH in 25 ml of water /
solution C). When we first mixed solution A+B, result is NaOH is a strong base compared to
CuSO4 which is an acidic salt. When they mixed together, a light blue precipitate is formed.
Different from solution A+C that formed darker and more amount of precipitate. This can be
concluded that the more NaOH the darker precipitate will be formed. Furthermore, as the
result came out that solution A+B give out less product it means that it has NaOH as it
limiting reagent. Under other conditions, solution A+C has CuSO4 as it limiting reagent for
their reaction.

Calculation
Chemical Equation:
CuSO4 • 5H 2 O + 2N aOH → Cu(OH)2 + N a2 SO4 + 5H 2 O

Calculation

Reaction A)
solution 1.25 g CuSO4 • 5H 2 O ×
1molCuSO4 •5H 2 O
×
1Cu(OH)2
=5 × 10−3 molsCu(OH)2
249.69gCuSO4 •5H 2 O 1CuSO4 •5H 2 O
A+B
B)
1Cu(OH)2
0.2 g NaOH × 1molN aOH
39.997gN aOH
× 2N aOH
= 2.5 × 10−3 molsCu(OH)2

Limiting B)
Reagent
 97.56gCu(OH)2
2.5 × 10−3 molsCu(OH)2 × 1 molCu(OH)2
= 0.24 g Cu(OH)2

0.16
Percent %Yield= 0.24
× 100 = 66.67%
Yield

Reaction A)
solution 1.25 g CuSO4 • 5H 2 O ×
1molCuSO4 •5H 2 O
×
1Cu(OH)2
=5 × 10−3 molsCu(OH)2
249.69gCuSO4 •5H 2 O 1CuSO4 •5H 2 O
A+C
C)
1Cu(OH)2
0.6 g NaOH × 1molN aOH
39.997gN aOH
× 2N aOH
= 7.5 × 10−3 molsCu(OH)2

Limiting A)
Reagent 5 × 10−3 molsCu(OH)2 ×
97.56gCu(OH)2
= 0.488 g Cu(OH)2
1 molCu(OH)2

0.488
Percent %Yield= 0.49
× 100 = 99.59%
Yield

Conclusion
By doing this experiment, we were able to know and understand more about
balancing equation, predicting reaction, limiting reagent (reactant), excess reagent, and
percent yield. According to the lab, the results show that the percent yield of solution A+B is
more than the solution A+C. All above that, the results might not exactly accurate due to
human errors.

References

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Copper sulfate,

CID=24462, (2019)
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Copper-sulfate

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Sodium

hydroxide, CID=14798, (2019)
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

The Health Benefits of Copper Sulfate, (Colleen Travers, 2019)

https://www.verywellhealth.com/copper-sulfate-benefits-4684436

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), (Department of health, 2019)

https://www.tn.gov/health/cedep/environmental/environmental-health-topics/eht/sodiu
m-hydroxide.html