REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

TAPAZ SATELLITE CAMPUS
SAN JULIAN, TAPAZ, CAPIZ

Reporter: Professor:
Frederick D. Gadong Jr. Nida, G Colona
Sheryl Gimoto
Zelynne Joyce Geti-ayon

A Teacher’s Edge in the 21st Century

 The role of a teacher in the 21st century is different from what it was 10 or many years ago. The
teacher is challenged not only in the area of instruction but in fields relevant to instruction such
as research, extension and publication. based on a survey among employers, about 70% thought
that colleges and universities should place more emphasis in the areas which focus on the
graduates’ capability to be innovative and think creatively while 64% of the employers said that
it would be on the graduates’ ability to solve problems,

How can the teachers meet the market demands in the 21st century… they should be?
1. Trained and be equipped to respond to the economic development of the country.
2. To be able to compete globally.

Characters and Qualities of a Teacher as a Researching Professional

a. Characteristics
o There are major characteristics expected of a teacher as a researcher. (Berlin 1987 in
Zulueta & Costales, 2005) applicable also to a researching professional
o Professionals verify ideas and practices believed to be effective. Teachers as
professionals cannot just rely on intuition and perception on their choice of a new
teaching technique. Their decision should be supported by empirical data that are
existing, reliable and valid, substantiated through research
o Professionals discover new ideas and practices that are exemplified by an idea that has
been extensively researched on and utilized in schools.
o Professionals clarify new ideas that are designated to simplify teaching. Research results
about learning procedures can be applied to problem solving in the different subject
areas.
o Professionals discover ideas and practices that are counter intuitive. Many educators
assume that homogeneous grouping of students, permits pupils to work more
effectively with their peers and perform better. However, research evidence shows that
pupils achieve more when they are in classes of mixed ability.

b. Qualities (Qualities and Characteristics of a Good Researcher, 2011)

o There are 10 qualities identified of a good researching professional using the acronym
RESEARCHER. He/she must possess these qualities to be equipped to respond to local
needs and to be able to compete globally:
 Research-oriented
 Efficient
 Scientific
 Effective
 Active
 Resourceful
 Creative
 Honest
 Economical
 Religious
 Research Concepts
a. Definitions of Research
Research is a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of
hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural
phenomena (Kerlinger, 1972).
Research is a purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing,
classifying, organizing, presenting and interpreting data for the solution of a
problem, for prediction for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the
expansion of verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and
improvement of the quality of a human life (Calderon and Gonzalez, 1993)
Research is the process of gathering data or information to solve a particular or
specific problem in scientific manner. (Halpin, 1996).
Research in its broadest sense is an attempt to gain solution to problems. It is the
collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of
prediction or explanation (Quinton, 2006).

b. Characteristics of Research (Zulueta and Costas, 2005)

1. Empirical Research - is based on the researcher’s experience or observation
2. Logical Research - is founded on principles and valid procedures.
3. Analytical Research - utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data,
whether quantitative or qualitative research
4. Critical Research - demonstrates careful and precise judgement using a higher level
of confidence
5. Methodical Research - is conducted in a manner without bias using systematic
method and procedure
6. Replicability - The research design may be repeated to enable the researcher to
arrive at valid and conclusive results.

c. Types of Research (Amante, Atienza, Mendoza, 2008)

According to purpose
Predictive or Prognostic Research – it determines the future operation of the
variables under investigation to control or redirect such.
Directive Research – it finds out what should be done based on the findings to
remedy a certain condition.
Illuminative Research – it looks into the interaction of the components of the
variable being investigated.

d. According to Goal:
1. Basic or Pure Research - it refers to the development of theories and principles.
2. Applied Research - it refers to the application of pure research which is utilized to
test the efficacy of theories and principles

e. According to level of investigation:

1. Explanatory Research – it is primarily concerned with discovery and with generating
a theory.
2. Descriptive Research – it investigates prevailing conditions, processes, cause and
effect relationships.
3. Experimental Research – it determines the effects of the variables on each other.
 f. According to choice of answers to problems:
1. Evaluation Research – In this research all possible courses of action are identified and
considered to be used as bases in making decisions.
2. Developmental Research – In this study, the focus is on finding or developing more suitable
system or process.

g. According to Statistical Content

1. Quantitative – This is characterized by the use of statistical analysis of where inferential
statistics is utilized to determine the results of the study.
2. Qualitative – This is where statistics is practically not utilized but description which involves
collecting data in the natural setting where these data are analyzed rationally not statistically.

h. According to Time Element (Major Research Methods) (Zulueta & Cotales, 2003)
1. Historical Research – it is a systematic and critical inquiry of the whole truth of past events using
the critical method in the interpretation of facts applicable to current issues and problems
2. Descriptive Research – It studies the present condition and seeks to understand the nature,
characteristics, components and aspects of a phenomenon.
3. Experimental Research – It seeks to answer questions about cause and effect relationship. It
establishes the change in one variable due to the effect of one or more variables.

Research Process
1. Problem Identification
2. Literature Review
3. Research Design
4. Data Collection
5. Data Presentation
6. Formulation of Implications and Conclusions

a. Steps
1. Problem Identification – The choice of a research problem may be based on the
researcher’s interest, a current issue or a problem within one’s capability and without moral
or legal impediments which can be taken from experiences, work environment, classroom
discussions, technological and scientific advancement, or offshoots of other researches
(Adanza, 2002)
2. Literature Review – The process provides the researcher the concepts or theoretical
framework of the planned research which provides the information about past researchers
related to the intended study and lends support to the researcher’s assumptions and
procedures (Adanza, 2002)
3. Research Design – It is the entire procedure of planning and carrying out a research study as
well as the description of the sources of data, the data-gathering procedure to follow. The
instruments to be used and finally, the data-processing techniques. (Sanchez, 2002)
4. Data Collection – It refers to the method of gathering relevant data to provide information
such as interview, questionnaire, observation, etc.
5. Data Presentation, analysis and interpretation – It is the manner of organizing the collected
data, analyzing and interpreting to give meaning to these data based on the specific
problems/objectives, and hypothesis, etc.
6. Formulation of implication and conclusion – these are brief statements based on the
findings of the study for other researchers to learn from.
 b. Outline of the Research Report (may vary in format but the basic elements should be
present)
1. Introduction/Rationale – This provides the information of what the research is all about, the
purpose pf the study and the situation challenging the reader to read (Zulueta & Costales, 2005).
This part may include some previous researches and legal bases which can strengthen the
reason for the conducting of research.
2. Theoritical/Conceptual Framework – Theoretical framework shapes the justification of the
research problem objectives to provide the basis on its parameters. Conceptual framework
presents specific and well-defined concepts (Zulueta & Costales, 2005)
3. Problem/Objective – A good reward problem is characterized as one of great interest to the
researcher; useful to the concerned people in a particular field novel; time-bound; and has no
ethical or moral impediments (Sevilla, et al, 1992)
4. Hypothesis – This is basis for determining assumptions which is a tentative explanation for
certain behaviors, phenomena, or events which have occurred or will occur .(McGuigan, 1978) it
may be null or alternative hypothesis.
5. Assumption – It is a self-evident truth which is based on a known fact, it is a proposition of some
occurrences that may be considered in delimiting the are of study; generally, every specific
question is implicitly based upon an assumption. (Amantic, Atienza, Mendoza, 2008)
6. Scope and Limitation of the Study – The scope identifies the boundary or coverage of the study
in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities, areas, time frame and issues to which the research is
focused. Delimitations defines the constraints or weaknesses which are not within the control of
the researcher, therefore not expected to be covered by the study. (Zulueta & Costales, 2005)
7. Significance of the Study – This express the value or importance of the study or the
contributions of the results. (Zulueta & Costales, 2005) The beneficiaries may be enumerated
specifying the benefits they may receive as a result of the study.
8. Review of Related Literature and Studies – The major process that leads to past theory which
involves the systematic identification, location and analysis of documents containing
information related to the research problem (Gay,1976 in Sevilla, et al, 2005), This may include
foreign and local readings.
9. Research Methodology – This contains the design, description of the environment, the sample,
the measure used, and the procedures taken is carrying out the study (Sanchez, 1997) as well as
data processing and statistical treatment.
10. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation – The major data are being presented, discussed,
interpreted to give information relevant of the study.
11. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations – These are brief statements or answers to the
specific problems following the sequence stated as concisely as possible with conclusion based
on the findings which are valid outgrowth of the findings followed by recommendations based
on the findings or the conclusions of the study with suggestions to future researchers who
would like to pursue investigation related to the same problem
12. References – These include bibliography where listing of sources of materials are alphabetically
arranged and appendices which may include the questionnaires, letter or transmittal, legal
documents and supplementary materials all that have been referred to in the study or have
been cited is the study.