ev‡qv‡gwW‡Kj BwÄwbqvwis wefvM Dept.

of Biomedical Engineering
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Jashore University of Science & Technology
h‡kvi-7408, evsjv‡`k| Jashore -7408, Bangladesh,
‡Uwj‡dvb:+042151081 Phone: +042151081Ex-306
d¨vKª :88-0421-61199 Fax : 88-0421-61199
I‡qemvBU:www.Just.edu.bd Website: www.Just.edu.bd
Lecture-01 January 12, 2020

BIOSIGNALS

Biological signal is a summarizing term for all kinds of signals that can be (continually) measured and
monitored from biological beings. It shows chemical or physical quantities that characterize the property
or state of human biological condition.

Signal description

 Time domain
 Mathematical function, statistical description
 Periodic function
 Frequency domain - Power spectrum, Fourier transformation

Figure 1: Periodic function

Figure 2: Fourier transformation

Describing of Biosignals:

 Continuous signals are described by a continuous function s (t) which will show information at
any time. Most biomedical signals are continuous.

 Discrete signals are described by a sequence s (m) which will show information exactly at a
particular time.

In case of any query or suggestion please contact with Md. Anas Ali, Lecturer, BME, JUST (Email:anas@just.edu.bd) 1
 ev‡qv‡gwW‡Kj BwÄwbqvwis wefvM Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Jashore University of Science & Technology
h‡kvi-7408, evsjv‡`k| Jashore -7408, Bangladesh,
‡Uwj‡dvb:+042151081 Phone: +042151081Ex-306
d¨vKª :88-0421-61199 Fax : 88-0421-61199
I‡qemvBU:www.Just.edu.bd Website: www.Just.edu.bd
Lecture-01 January 12, 2020

Classifications

Bio-signals are classified according to several aspects.

a. Classification of bio-signals by their change over time:

 Deterministic bio-signals are usually measured bio-signals that illustrate the initial conditions.
 Properties:
We can construct a model for them, clearly describing their behavior in the past and the future.
It is only idealistic.
The assumption of deterministic system is relatively frequent.
Deterministic processes can be divided into:
 Transitional processes - action system, thus measured biosignals that are measured only
once.
 Established processes - the system will vary periodically in time or does not change at all.

 Stochastic biosignals include a random component. This property is reflected on the nature of
measured biosignal. However stochastic processes can behave according to certain patterns and thus
can observe certain regularities.

b. Classification by existence

 Permanent biosignals

In case of any query or suggestion please contact with Md. Anas Ali, Lecturer, BME, JUST (Email:anas@just.edu.bd) 2
 ev‡qv‡gwW‡Kj BwÄwbqvwis wefvM Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Jashore University of Science & Technology
h‡kvi-7408, evsjv‡`k| Jashore -7408, Bangladesh,
‡Uwj‡dvb:+042151081 Phone: +042151081Ex-306
d¨vKª :88-0421-61199 Fax : 88-0421-61199
I‡qemvBU:www.Just.edu.bd Website: www.Just.edu.bd
Lecture-01 January 12, 2020
They can exist without an artificial trigger and are available at any time. The source for those
Biosignals is already inside the body.

 Induced biosignals are artifically triggered or induced and last only during the time of excitation.

c. Classification by dynamic nature

 A static biosignal carries information in its steady state level which may exhibit relatively slow
changes over time.

 Dynamic biosignals yield extensive changes in the time domain, with dynamic processes conveying
the physiological information of interest.

d. Classification by origin

 Magnetic biosignals

These signals include motion and displacement signals, pressure and tension and flow signals, and
others.

 Optic biosignals are the result of optical functions of the biologic system, occurring naturally or
induced by the measurement (Blood oxigination).

 Acoustic biosignals

Many physiological phenomena create noise like the flow of blood in the heart or through blood
vessels also the flow or air through the airways creates acoustic sounds.

 Chemical biosignals reflect chemical composition and its temporal changes in body solids, liquids,
and gases. Examples are measuring the concentration of various ions and vicinity of a cell by means
of specific ion electrodes.

 Thermal Biosignals

Temperature measurement shows physical and biochemical processes proceeded in organism. (Heat
loss, heat absorption).

Characteristics:

Bio-signals are
• Amplitude limited
• Distorted by colored noise
• Limited length
• Non-stationary
• The underlying system is unknown

Modeling of a System

• System is a collection of interconnected processes.

In case of any query or suggestion please contact with Md. Anas Ali, Lecturer, BME, JUST (Email:anas@just.edu.bd) 3
 ev‡qv‡gwW‡Kj BwÄwbqvwis wefvM Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Jashore University of Science & Technology
h‡kvi-7408, evsjv‡`k| Jashore -7408, Bangladesh,
‡Uwj‡dvb:+042151081 Phone: +042151081Ex-306
d¨vKª :88-0421-61199 Fax : 88-0421-61199
I‡qemvBU:www.Just.edu.bd Website: www.Just.edu.bd
Lecture-01 January 12, 2020
• Model (a representation that approximates the behavior of an actual system).

Necessity of Model:

I. Insight
• Understanding the underlying system
• Testing bed for several hypotheses

II. Description
• Design verification
• Explore linear behavior / non-linear nature of the biological physics (going beyond human senses)

III. Control
• Predictions
• Functional limits

In case of any query or suggestion please contact with Md. Anas Ali, Lecturer, BME, JUST (Email:anas@just.edu.bd) 4
 ev‡qv‡gwW‡Kj BwÄwbqvwis wefvM Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Jashore University of Science & Technology
h‡kvi-7408, evsjv‡`k| Jashore -7408, Bangladesh,
‡Uwj‡dvb:+042151081 Phone: +042151081Ex-306
d¨vKª :88-0421-61199 Fax : 88-0421-61199
I‡qemvBU:www.Just.edu.bd Website: www.Just.edu.bd
Lecture-01 January 12, 2020
What do you by Bio-signals? Give some examples.

What are the special characteristics of bio-signals?

Briefly describe the classification of bio-signals as a basis of their origin.

Define system. Why do we need model of a system?

Describe the classification of bio-signals by their change over time.

In case of any query or suggestion please contact with Md. Anas Ali, Lecturer, BME, JUST (Email:anas@just.edu.bd) 5