Vehicle Accident Prevention Using eye Blink Sensor

Abstract:
Now a day’s accidents are increasing at a large pace, and various
technologies are being introduced to reduce the accidents. In this project we
provide means of accident prevention using eye blink wherein the vehicle is
stopped immediately and intimated wherever needed.
In this project we have two sections. One is transmitter section which is
located in the vehicle and another one is Receiver section located in remote place
(Police station, near ones, etc). In the transmitter section the eye blink sensor is
placed near the eye to sense the blink count and this information is transmitted in
the form of pulses and is given to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller uses
this information to compare with the normal eye blink programmed in the chip
and if any abnormal situation arises the vehicle is stopped with an alarm
indication, this operation is enabled by means of the driver circuit connected to
the vehicle motor and the signal is transmitted via RF-transmitter at the frequency
of 433.92 MHz.
In the Receiver side the transmitted signal is received and the signal is
decoded and given to the Microcontroller, which uses this information for
displaying the alert message in the LCD as programmed, simultaneously a buzzer
alert is given.
Block Diagram

Transmitter

Alarm RF
Transmitter

Eye-Blink Signal
Level Sensing Interfacing Micro Encoder
circuit Controller

Power
Supply
Vehicle Driver
Motor Unit

Receiver
 Relay with Buzzer
RF Driver Alert
Receiver
Micro
Controller

LCD
Signal
Decoder
Power Supply

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Microcontroller Unit and Power Supply
• LCD
• Alarm unit
• RF transmitter and receiver

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Embedded C
• Keil Compiler
LIST OF HARDWARE MODULES:

MODULE 1:

Power Supply for 8051 Microcontroller

MODULE 2:

Encoder

MODULE 3:

RF Transmitter

MODULE 4:

Decoder

MODULE 5:

RF Receiver
MODULE 6:

Relay

MODULE 7:

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

MODULE 8:
Reference
Module 1:

Power Supply for 8051 Microcontroller

This section describes how to generate +5V DC power supply

The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant
output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. A 0-12V/1
mA transformer is used for this purpose. The primary of this transformer is
connected in to main supply through on/off switch& fuse for protecting from
overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the diodes to
convert 12V AC to 12V DC voltage. And filtered by the capacitors, which is
further regulated to +5v, by using IC 7805

Microcontroller

A microcontroller (also microcontroller unit, MCU or µC) is a small

computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU
combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers and etc.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such
as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines,
appliances, power tools, and toys.

8081 schematic
 The input and output device or connected to port pins of the controller.
Typical input and output devices include switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small
or custom LCD displays, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data such as
temperature, humidity, light level etc. The device, such as GSM, GPS and RFID
are interfaced to the controller via serial communication i.e. TX and RX pins.

Module 2:

ENCODER
The HT-12E IC encodes 12-bits of information and serially transmits this
data on receipt of a Transmit Enable and a LOW signal on pin-14 /TE. Pin-17 the
D_OUT pin of the HT-12E serially transmits whatever data is available on pins
10, 11, 12 and 13, or D0, D1, D2 and D3.

Module 3:

RF TRANSMITTER
The TWS-434 transmitter accepts both linear and digital inputs can
operate from 1.5 to 12 Volts-DC, and makes building a miniature hand-held RF
transmitter very easy. The P2_0, P2_1, P2_2 and P2_3 pin of controller is
assumed as data transmit pins. The DATA_OUT pin of encoder is connected to
the DATA_IN pin of RF Transmitter and then the RF Transmitter transmits the
data to the receiver.
 Circuit

Module 4:

DECODER

The 212 series of decoders are capable of decoding information’s that

consist of N bits of address and 12_N bits of data. Of this series, the HT12D is
arranged to provide 8 address bits and 4 data bits, and HT12F is used to decode
12 bits of address information. The VT, or valid transmission pin of the HT-12D
could signal the microcontroller to grab the 4-bits of data from the data output
pins.

Module 5:

RF RECEIVER

The receiver also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV. The
TWS-434 receiver operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC, and has both linear and
digital outputs. The P2_0, P2_1, P2_2 and P2_3 pin of controller is assumed as
data transmit pins. The DATA_OUT pin of RF Transmitter is connected to the
DATA_IN pin of DECODER and then the data is processed by the decoder.

Circuit
Module 6:

RELAY

1. A relay is an electrically operated switch.

2. Electric current through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field
which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.

3. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions
and they are double-throw (changeover) switches.
 4. A simple electromagnetic relay, such as the one taken from a car in the
first picture, is an adaptation of an electromagnet.

5. It consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke,

which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature,
and a set, or sets, of contacts.

6. The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving

contact or contacts. It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de-
energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit.

7. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is
closed, and the other set is open.

8. The P0_0, P0_1, P0_2 and P0_3 pin of controller is assumed as data
transmit pins to the relay through relay driver ULN 2003. ULN 2003 is just like a
current driver.

Circuit
Module 7:
Liquid crystal displays

The LCD standard requires 3 control lines and 8 I/O lines for the data bus.
• 8 data pins D7:D0
Bi-directional data/command pins.
Alphanumeric characters are sent in ASCII format.

• RS: Register Select

 RS = 0 -> Command Register is selected
RS = 1 -> Data Register is selected

• R/W: Read or Write

0 -> Write, 1 -> Read

• E: Enable (Latch data)

Used to latch the data present on the data pins.
A high-to-low edge is needed to latch the data.

The 8 data lines are connected to PORT 1 of 8051 microcontroller. The three
control lines( RS,RW and EN ) are connected to PORT 3.5,3.6 and 3.7
respectively.
Module 8:

Reference:

 RH BARNET - EMBEDDED C PROGRAMMING AND ATMEL.

 MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI - MICRCONTOLLER AND EMBEDDED

SYSTEMS.

 H. NAKAMURA, K. OSAKU, T. GOTO, R. SAGAWA, T.HASHIMOTO,

“ADVANCED WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY AND VMCCONCEPT FOR
MOBILE IMAGE SERVICES”, PROC. OF THE 24TH ANNUAL
CONFERENCE OF THE ROBOTICS SOCIETY OF JAPAN