the EFA initiative has been able to make education provision for over 70,000

underprivileged children � many of whom had dropped out of early school.

On Saturday, 25th April, India will see yet another gathering of over 17,000
underprivileged children, including 200 special children when they witness the
season 8 IPL match between Mumbai Indians and Sunrisers Hyderabad. For the first
time, EFA has made special provision to invite 200 differently abled children
including 13 wheelchair kids to the Garware Stand.

The Wankhede Stadium will once again stand testimony to Mumbai Indians � Reliance
Foundation�s strong belief and commitment in support of the Sports for Social Cause
initiative, with children from various NGOs flocking the stadium to watch their
favourite stars play cricket.

Reliance Foundation has made elaborate arrangements to ensure every single aspect
in looked into for the children�s comforts. A total of 414 BEST and private busses,
over 2000 volunteers will be deployed to transport these 17,000 children to the
Stadium and back. Reliance Foundation has made provision of 100,000 food boxes (5
food box per child), sufficient availability of water and beverages at all time; a
team of doctors and nurses with four medical centers and ten first aid centers
across the stadium.

Mumbai Indians and Reliance Foundation are working relentlessly for bringing about
a change in the way these underprivileged children study and learn, by providing
access to rightful and quality education. Led by Reliance Foundation Chairperson
Mrs Nita Ambani, this noble cause very effectively uses its global fan base to
enhance awareness about a compelling social issue, and has found support amongst
its fans and sponsors.

Mumbai Indians � Reliance Foundations EFA works with

Aarambh, Akanksha Foundation, Aseema Charitable Trust, Meljol, Mumbai Mobile
Creches, Ummeed, Adapt, Smile Foundation, Unity Foundation, Teach For India, MCGM
Schools, Magic bus, Brihanmumbai Mahanagar Palika Schools, Apun Ka Club, and Angel
Xpress Foundation

IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON INDIAN ECONOMY

Online retail in India
E-commerce: challenges and risks

Success factors in e-commerce

In several cases, an e-commerce company can survive not only based on its product,
however by having a competent management team, smart post-sales services, well-
organized business structure, network infrastructure, and a secured, well-designed
web site. a corporation that wishes to succeed can be got to perform a pair of
things: Technical and structure aspects and customer-oriented. Following factors
can build the business of corporations to achieve e-commerce:
Technical and structure aspects
1. enough work is done in market research and analysis. E-commerce isn't exempt
from smart business planning and therefore the elementary laws of supply and
demand. Business failure is the maximum amount a reality in e-commerce as in any
other variety of businesses.
2. Good management team armed with data technology strategy. A company's IT
strategy ought to be a part of the business re-design method.
3. Providing a simple and secure approach for purchasers to impact transactions.
Credit cards are the most common means of sending payments on the internet,
accounting for the 90th of online purchases. in the past, card numbers were
transferred securely between the client and merchandiser through independent
payment gateways. Such independent payment gateways area units still utilized by
most little and residential businesses. Most merchants nowadays method credit card
transactions on web site through arrangements made with commercial banks or credit
card corporations.
4. Providing reliability and security. Parallel servers, hardware redundancy, fail-
safe technology, data encryption, and firewalls will enhance this requirement.
5. Providing a lovely web site. The tasteful use of color, graphics, animation,
images, fonts, and white-space share could aid success in this respect.
6. Streamlining business processes, probably through re-engineering and information
technologies.
7. Providing a complete understanding of the product or services offered, that not
only includes complete product data, however also sound advisors and selectors.
Naturally, the e-commerce seller should additionally perform such mundane tasks as
being truthful concerning its product and its accessibility, shipping faithfully,
and handling complaints promptly and effectively. a singular property of the web
environment is that individual customers have access to way more data concerning
the vendor than they might realize in a brick-and-mortar situation. (Of course,
customers will, and sometimes do, analyze a brick-and-mortar store online before
visiting it, therefore this distinction doesn't go in each case.)

Customer-Oriented
A winning e-commerce organization should additionally offer agreeable and
profitable expertise to its customers. several factors get into creating this
doable. Such factors include:
1. Providing an associate incentive for patrons to shop for and to come.
advertisements to the current finish will involve coupons, special offers, and
discounts. Cross-linked websites and advertising affiliate programs also can
facilitate.
2. Providing personal attention. customized internet sites, purchase suggestions,
and customized special offers could go a number of thanks to subbing for the face-
to-face human interaction found at a conventional purpose of sale.
3. Providing a way of community. Chat rooms, discussion boards, soliciting client
input and loyalty programs (sometimes referred to as affinity programs) will
facilitate during this respect.
4. Owning the customer's total expertise. retailers foster this by treating any
contacts with a client as a part of complete expertise, associate expertise that
becomes substitutable with the whole.
5. serving to customers do their job of intense. E-tailers and online searching
directories will offer such facilitate through ample comparative data and smart
search facilities. The provision of element data and safety-and-health comments
could assist e-tailers to outline the customers' jobs.
Benefits of E-Commerce
Lower transaction prices - If an E-Commerce web site is implemented well, the net
the web considerably lower each order taking value and client service prices after
the sale. 0 Larger Purchases per dealings. zero Integration into fluctuation. 0
individuals will shop, in numerous ways that. Ledger Catalogues. Improved client
Interactions. Reduction in inventions. Access to an additional geographically
spread dispersed base. Low acquisition process value.
one of the advantages a terribly specific to the consumers such as:
0 raised the selection of vendors and products. 0 Convenience from shopping at home
reception or workplace. larger amounts of knowledge of information are accessed on-
demand. additional competitive and increased worth comparison capabilities. greater
Customization in the delivery of services.

Examples of E-Commerce(E-commerce method cycle)

Pay seal- Indian (ICICI)'s Payment Gateway: ICICI's gateway has been developed
along with Compaq and QSI. money software and Systems is implementing the project
in India. The getting acquiring is done by ICICI bank. The gateway Is enforced in
two-mode (I) Offline buying method (ii) online buying method. ]
(i) The Offline buying Process: this can be an example of business to consumer
credit card transactions. The dealings transaction method is being explained within
the below diagram of a transaction with the pay seal. The client presents his card
at the merchant's look. The merchandiser uses some extent of sale (POS) service to
send the card data over a dial-up connection to his acquiring bank. The getting
banks then send this data to the provided bank through the cardboard network. The
provision bank than authorizes or rejects the dealings and sends the message back
to the merchandiser over the path.
(ii) {the online|the web|the net} buying Process: within the online market place,
consumers and merchant area unit usually unknown to every different other within
method of buying a product with a credit card by Telephone. in the atmosphere, the
client cannot validate the cardboard usage together with his signature, that is
that the norm in offline transactions. The authentication of the cardboard is
within the absence.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
That means of the term "electronic commerce" has modified over the last thirty
years. Originally, "electronic commerce" meant the facilitation of business
transactions electronically, typically using technology like Electronic Knowledge
Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), wherever each was introduced
within the late 1970s, as an example, to send industrial documents like purchase
orders or invoices electronically.
The 'electronic' or 'e' in e-commerce refers to the technology/systems; the
'commerce' refers to be ancient business models. E-commerce is the complete set of
processes that support commercial/ business activities on a network. within the
1970s and 1980s, this might additionally (ATM) and telephone banking within the
1980s were additionally forms of e-commerce. However, from the 1990s onwards, this
might include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data
deposit.
In the dot corn era, it came to incorporate activities additional exactly termed
"Web commerce" � the purchase of products and services over the World Wide
internet, typically with secure connections (HTTPS, a special server protocol that
encrypts confidential ordering knowledge for client protection) with e-shopping
carts and with electronic payment services, like credit card payment
authorizations.
Today, it encompasses an awfully big selection of business activities and
processes, from e-banking to offshore producing to e-logistics. The ever-growing
dependence of contemporary industries on electronically enabled business processes
gave impetus to the expansion and development of supporting systems, as well as
backend systems, applications, and middleware. Examples ar broadband and fiber-
optic networks, supply-chain management software package, customer relationship
management software package, internal control systems, and financial accounting
software system.
When the net initial became well-known among the final public in 1994, several
journalists and pundits forecast that e-commerce would shortly become a serious
economic sector. However, it took about four years for security protocols (like
HTTPS) to become sufficiently developed and widely deployed. afterward, between
1998 and 2000, a considerable variety of companies within U.S. and Western Europe
developed rudimentary web sites.
Although an outsized variety of "pure e-commerce" corporations disappeared
throughout the dot-com collapse in 2000 and 2001, several "brick-and-mortar"
retailers recognized that such corporations had known valuable niche markets and
started to feature e-commerce capabilities to their websites. as an example, when
the collapse of online merchandiser Webvan, 2 traditional food market chains,
Albertsons and Safeway, each started e-commerce subsidiaries through that customers
may order groceries -.
The emergence of e-commerce additionally considerably lowered barriers to entry
within the merchandising {of several|of the many} forms of a product; consequently
many little home-based proprietors are ready to use the web to sell goods. Often,
little sellers use online auction sites like EBay, or sell via massive company
websites like Amazon.com, so as to take advantage of the exposure and setup
convenience of such sites.

Ecommerce limitations:

Even if a supplier of E-commerce products and services strictly follows these "key
factors" to plot an exemplary e-commerce strategy, issues will still arise. Sources
of such issues include:
1. Failure to know customers, why they obtain and the way they obtain. Even a
product with a sound price proposition will fail if producers and retailers don't
perceive client habits, expectations, and motivations. E-commerce may doubtless
mitigate this potential problem with proactive and targeted market research, even
as traditional retailers might do.
2 Inability to predict the environmental reaction. what is going to competitors do?
can they introduce competitive brands or competitive internet sites? can they
supplement their service offerings? can they struggle to sabotage a competitor's
site? can value wars break out? what is going to the govt do? analysis into
competitors, industries and markets might mitigate some consequences here, even as
in non-electronic commerce.
3. Over-estimation of resource competency. Can staff, hardware, software, and
processes handle the projected strategy? Have E-tailers didn't develop worker and
management skills? These problems might call for thorough resource designing and
worker coaching.
4. Failure to coordinate. If existing news and management relationships don't do,
one will move towards a flat, responsible, and flexible organizational structure,
which can or might not aid coordination.
5. Failure to get senior management commitment. This typically leads to a failure
to realize comfortable company resources to accomplish a task. it's going to
facilitate to induce prime management concerned right from the beginning.
6. Failure to get worker commitment. If planners don't justify their strategy well
to workers or fail to allow workers the entire image, then coaching and fixing
incentives for employees to embrace the strategy might assist.
7. Under-estimation of your time necessities. fixing Associate in Nursing e-
commerce venture will take respectable time and cash, and failure to know the
temporal order and sequencing of tasks will cause important value overruns. Basic
project designing, crucial path, crucial chain, or saucy analysis might mitigate
such failings. profitableness might get to watch for the accomplishment of market
share.
8. turning into the victim of organized crime. several syndicates have caught on to
the potential of the web as a brand new revenue stream. 2 main ways are as follows:
(1) victimization fraud techniques like phishing to order expensive product and
bill them to some innocent person, then liquidating the products for fast cash; (2)
Extortion by employing a network of compromised "zombie" computers to interact in
distributed denial of service attacks against the target electronic computer till
it starts paying protection cash.
9. Failure to expect the surprising. Too typically new businesses don't take into
consideration the number of your time, cash or resources required to complete a
project and infrequently notice themselves while not the mandatory elements to
become successful.

ECommerce Process :

E-commerce process involves via three logical entities - the storefront, the
payment mechanism and the supply.The storefront is nothing but a series of HTML web
pages that display the products.The development of the same is quite simple and
easy, with thousands of software available in the market.The third is more of a
physical world operation which we're all familiar with - like supply chain,
logistics, etc.However the second part, the payment mechanism, is very crucial, and
the entire e-commerce depends on this.

E-payments are central to the whole e-business cycle, as they would allow the
companies to service customers faster, innovative and at lower costs.This is also
the crucial part; because if the claims and debts of the various participating
companies -customer, servicing company, and the bank are not balanced, because of
payment delays, or even worse payment defaults then the whole process is
disrupted.Hence, the central to the problem in prompt and secure payment, clearing
and settlement of credit and debit claims.

Having understood how crucial they are to the system as such, let us look into the
various instruments that would allow us to do the same, and where they stand.The
companies, world over utilizing credit cards for payments.This is a time-tested
solution for all the problems.There is nothing new in the process, it's very basic
the consumer who buys a service from the merchant pays by entering his credit card
details, and the credit organization will handle the payment.

The elements that go into the payment mechanisms are-

Cardholder - The individual who is making the purchase (either goods or services)
using the credit card.
Merchants - the Company that is sellin2 goods and services to cardholders.
Issuing Bank - The bank that has issued the credit card to the cardholder. The
issuing bank provides the monthly billing statements to the cardholder.
Acquiring Bank - The bank that enables the merchants to accept the credit/card
payments. This works in conjunction with the payment gateway (usually third party)
to accept or decline the cardholders purchase request. After getting the amount
from the issuing bank, the acquiring bank deposits it into the merchant account.
Card Association - An association such as VISA International and MasterCard, which
issues credit cards through its members (the issuing banks to the cardholder). (All
American Express and Discover are not Card Associations, as they are not issued by
any bank, and are offered directly to the cardholder. They are referred to as Card
Issuer.)
Payment Application - An application used, by the merchants to request credit card
authorization and settlement of funds between the merchant and the acquiring bank.

There are two types of processes that are utilized by the payment mechanism:
? Authorization Process- The credit card details as entered by the cardholder are
verified and confirmed with the issuing banks; and
? Settlement process- The transfer of funds between the issuing banks and the
acquiring banks

Authorization Process :

When making purchases over the web, the cardholder uses a web browser to procure
product information from the merchant. The merchant captures the product
information as well as credit card information and then communicates the credit
card information to the acquiring bank through the payment application. The
acquiring bank works with: i.e: appropriate card association (or card issuer) to
execute the transaction.
The authorization process in a typical e-commerce cycle. There are two cycles -
Authorization (credit card authorization) and settlement (settlement of payments to
the merchant).
Using a web browser (Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator), the
cardholder visits the website of the merchant, where goods or services are
displayed.

E-Commerce Payment Mechanism :

Under the E-commerce payment mechanism, the customer selects the product, which
lies intends to purchase by clicking on the "Purchase" button. A form opens up on
the web browser, which would be secure, (A lock symbol in the status bar of the
browser indicates that the site from that point on is secure and encrypted), in
which the cardholder enters his credit card information. Some web sites would
prompt for the shipping address as well.

� The payment application encrypts and transmits the credit card information to the
acquiring bank through secure communications with Secured Sockets Layer (SSL).

The system in the acquiring bank received the information and forwards this
information to the card associations for verification as well as authorization. The
card association (or issuer) verifies the card information and determines whether
the cardholder has sufficient credit lines available to pay for the purchases (the
purchase amount is also transmitted). The amount that he can buy is referred to as
"open to buy". A confirmation number is generated and the "open to buy" amount is
blocked.

� If the card information is incorrect or if the credit card number is invalid,

then a message declining the transaction is generated and transmitted to the
customer through the merchant.

� Apart from the verification of credit card, the acquiring bank also verifies the
address whereby the shipping details provided by the cardholder at the time of sale
is 'compared to the billing information stored in the database of the cardholder.
 The information encrypted and sent to the merchant through the payment
application, and then on to the cardholder.

This whole end-to-end process (from the moment the cardholder clicks on "purchase"
to the receipt of the authorization message) takes only a few seconds based on the
payment application, traffic, and Internet connection on the client and others.

After successful authorization of the credit card, the merchant initiates the
fulfillment process of the product or services as requested by the cardholder.
According to general rules, the merchant can initiate a settlement process; only
after the cardholders, the order has been fulfilled. Sometimes, the fulfillment can
take days- say physical goods like computers, while some may take a few seconds -
like subscription-based services or software downloads.

E-commerce process cycle:

Examples of E-Commerce:

Pay seal- Indian (ICICI)'s Payment Gateway: ICICI's gateway has been developed
along with Compaq and QSI. Financial Software and Systems is implementing the
project in India. The acquiring is done by ICICI bank. The gateway Is implemented
in two-mode (I) Offline Purchasing Process (ii) Online Purchasing Process.
(i) The Offline Purchasing Process: This is an example of a business to consumer
credit card transactions. The transaction process is being explained in the below
diagram of the transaction with the pay seal. The customer presents his card at the
merchant's shop. The merchant uses a point of sale (POS) service to send the card
information over a dial-up connection to his acquiring bank. The acquiring banks
then send this information to the issuing bank through the card network. The
Issuing bank than authorizes or rejects the transaction and sends the message back
to the merchant over the path.
(ii) The online Purchasing Process: In the online market place, buyers and sellers
are often unknown to each other in the process of purchasing a product with a
credit card by telephone. In the environment, the customer can not validate the
card usage with his signature, which is the norm in offline transactions. The
authentication of the card is in the absence.

Intoduction of E-commerce:

Internet, sellers have the potential to market their products or services globally
and are not limited by the physical location of a store. Internet technologies also
permit sellers to track the interests and preferences of their customers with the
customer's permission and then use this information to build an ongoing
relationship with the customer by customizing products and services to meet the
customer's needs.
At the close of the 20th century, retail transactions made up the largest part of
e-commerce. Consumers purchased computers, airline tickets, hotel rooms,
automobiles, clothing, electronics, books, event tickets, food, furniture, and
countless other commodities over the Internet. Business-to-business commerce
represented one of the fastest-growing segments of e-commerce. Businesses ordered
supplies and coordinated complicated projects electronically
E-commerce also has some disadvantages, however. Consumers are reluctant to buy
some products online. Online furniture businesses. for example, they have failed
for the most part because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item
such as a sofa before they purchase it. Many people also consider shopping as a
social experience. For instance, they may enjoy going to a store or a shopping mall
with friends or family, an experience that they cannot duplicate online. Consumers
also need to be reassured that credit card transactions are secure and that their
privacy is respected. E-Commerce according to Person Halls book E-Commerce started
in 1994 with the first banner ad being placed on a website.

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COMMERCE

Commerce is the exchange of goods & services, usually for money. When you buy
something at a store you are participating in commerce. Going to work each day for
a company that produces a product, is a link in the chain of commerce. When one
thinks of different ways, he/she immediately recognize several different players of
the commerce such as:
� Buyers: These are the people or organizations with money who want to purchase
goods & service products.
� Sellers: These are the people who offer goods & services to buyers. Sellers are
recognizing in different forms such as retailers who sell directly to consumers and
wholesalers who sell to retailers & others. Wholesalers are also known as
distributors.
� Producers: these are the people organization that create the product & services
that the seller's offer to buyers. The producer may is classified in the category
of a seller. They can sell their products to any category to customers.

DEFINITIONS OF &COMMERCE
"What is E-Commerce? E-Commerce supports an entire range of activities such as
product design, manufacturing, advertising, commercial transactions, settlements of
accounts using a variety of computer networks".
Thus, e-commerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using
electronic data interchange, electronic mail, electronic fund transfer & other
networked-based technologies.
In a holistic sense electronic commerce can be summarized as:
? It is a business strategy.
? It uses technology to achieve business goals.
? It improves external business relationships.
? It is an evolution in the way companies' internet.
? It provides information to facilitate the delivery of goods & services.
Internet, sellers have the potential to market their products or services globally
and are not limited by the physical location of a store. Internet technologies also
permit sellers to track the interests and preferences of their customers with the
customer's permission and then use this information to build an ongoing
relationship with the customer by customizing products and services to meet the
customer's needs.
At the close of the 20th century, retail transactions made up the largest part of
e-commerce. Consumers purchased computers, airline tickets, hotel rooms,
automobiles, clothing, electronics, books, event tickets, food, furniture, and
countless other commodities over the Internet. Business-to-business commerce
represented one of the fastest-growing segments of e-commerce. Businesses ordered
supplies and coordinated complicated projects electronically
E-commerce also has some disadvantages, however. Consumers are reluctant to buy
some products online. Online furniture businesses. for example, they have failed
for the most part because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item
such as a sofa before they purchase it. Many people also consider shopping as a
social experience. For instance, they may enjoy going to a store or a shopping mall
with friends or family, an experience that they cannot duplicate online. Consumers
also need to be reassured that credit card transactions are secure and that their
privacy is respected. E-Commerce according to Person Halls book E-Commerce started
in 1994 with the first banner ad being placed on a website.

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COMMERCE

Commerce is the exchange of goods & services, usually for money. When you buy
something at a store you are participating in commerce. Going to work each day for
a company that produces a product, is a link in the chain of commerce. When one
thinks of different ways, he/she immediately recognize several different players of
the commerce such as:
� Buyers: These are the people or organizations with money who want to purchase
goods & service products.
� Sellers: These are the people who offer goods & services to buyers. Sellers are
recognizing in different forms such as retailers who sell directly to consumers and
wholesalers who sell to retailers & others. Wholesalers are also known as
distributors.
� Producers: these are the people organization that create the product & services
that the seller's offer to buyers. The producer may is classified in the category
of a seller. They can sell their products to any category to customers.

DEFINITIONS OF &COMMERCE
"What is E-Commerce? E-Commerce supports an entire range of activities such as
product design, manufacturing, advertising, commercial transactions, settlements of
accounts using a variety of computer networks".
Thus, e-commerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using
electronic data interchange, electronic mail, electronic fund transfer & other
networked-based technologies.
In a holistic sense electronic commerce can be summarized as:
? It is a business strategy.
? It uses technology to achieve business goals.
? It improves external business relationships.
? It is an evolution in the way companies' internet.
? It provides information to facilitate the delivery of goods & services.

Modes of E-commerce:
There are six basic sorts of e-commerce:
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Consumer-to-Business (C2B).
Business-to-Administration (B2A)
Consumer-to-Administration (C2A)
Business-to-Business (B2B)

As the title suggests, a B2B transaction is where one business is selling to

another business. These transactions often involve customizing an order on a
rolling basis. B2B transactions can include bulk pricing, larger quantity orders,
or specialty products that an average consumer would never need on a day to day
basis. B2B transactions create powerful and long-lasting relationships between each
side when orchestrated correctly. Typical products that are involved in B2B
transactions include office supplies, gasoline and oil, medical equipment,
airplanes, ships, and military equipment. These items are large in physical size or
quantities needed which would be overwhelming for an average consumer to purchase
on their own.

B2B transactions occur in many forms and take place globally. A popular derivative
of the B2B model occurs between business and an administration of some sort (B2A).
B2A transactions occur between companies and bodies of public administration such
as the government. Also, the B2A model is sometimes referred to as B2G (business-
to-government). As the world becomes increasingly reliant upon the internet, so
have governments. Many processes are becoming optimized through digitalization and
many administrations and governing bodies have implemented third-party technologies
to assist in the process. To win business, marketing may occur targeted at
decision-makers within the government or authoritative body. These efforts would
fall under the B2A model. Other B2A transactions include social security,
employment contracting, financial measuring, and other online payment options.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
The most traditional transaction type from a consumer�s point of view is the B2C
model. This model mimics a purchase that made in-store at a brick and mortar
location but occurs entirely online. Businesses sell goods straight to consumers
through their website. The internet serves as a marketplace in itself and the
eCommerce store serves as the portal between businesses and consumer shopping
online. Online stores can list multiple products and SKUs which gives customers
many options to pick and choose from during their buying experience. This allows
for more options for a customer to research and find the perfect fit. Clothing,
electronics, and outdoor recreational equipment are just a few of the products that
effectively sold online in the B2C. The B2C transaction is not limited to products,
but services are quite often distributed in this fashion as well. Businesses may
offer services like financial advising, tutoring, subscription memberships, and
others to grow their presence online.

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
With the rise of eCommerce, much innovation has taken place in many forms. The
internet itself is a powerful marketplace in and of itself. Other marketplaces have
come to fruition to offer consumers shopping options and pathways to obtain desired
products. Platforms like eBay, Craigslist, Grailed, and even parts of Amazon allow
consumers to sell to consumers. This bridge allows men and women to sell goods
without setting up a personalized store. This results in fast and easy individual
transactions allowing for niche items used goods, and individual listings to be
sold online.

In the C2C model, the platform itself does not own or sell any products. rather, it
serves as the bridge between the consumer selling and consumer buying. They act as
a third party to oversee and authorize the transaction to ensure it goes smoothly.
Popular platforms became successful due to a high amount of users and traffic while
offering a solution to get rid of goods with little cost and overhead. Selling an
item on these sites can be as simple as opening the app or site, creating an
account, listing the item, and waiting for another consumer to purchase. No
additional marketing is needed which leaves more profit in the lister�s pockets.

This type of model is becoming increasingly prominent with the inception of

different marketplaces looking to gain a share of the market opportunity. C2C
opportunities increase consumer buying power by eliminating many steps of the
buying process.

Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
On the other side of the spectrum, the C2B model allows businesses to receive value
from consumers when it is traditionally the other way around. Consumers can provide
a service to businesses to augment their existing business through a reverse
auction system. Consumers can act like contractors bidding on certain projects
which allows them to bring value back to the business. This name your price option
allows businesses to reach different parts of a community that may have been
previously untapped. For example, popular bloggers can charge a fee to businesses
wishing to have their items or idea listed to receive exposure. The consumer is
setting the price and has leverage over the transaction since they are providing
the service.

Examples of such practices are the sites where designers present several proposals
for a company logo and where only one of them is selected and effectively
purchased. Another platform that is very common in this type of commerce are the
markets that sell royalty-free photographs, images, media, and design elements

5. Business-to-Administration (B2A)
This a part of e-commerce encompasses all transactions conducted online between
corporations and public administration. this is often an area that involves a large
amount and a spread of services, notably in areas like fiscal, social insurance,
employment, legal documents, and registers, etc. These sorts of services have
augmented increased in recent years with investments created in e-government.

6. Consumer-to-Administration (C2A)
The Consumer-to-Administration model encompasses all electronic transactions
conducted between people and public administration.

Examples of applications include:

Education � spreading data, distance learning, etc.

Social Security � through the distribution of knowledge, creating payments, etc.
Taxes � filing tax returns, payments, etc.
Health � appointments, information about diseases, payment of health services, etc.
Both models involving Public Administration (B2A and C2A) are strongly associated
with the concept of efficiency and easy usability of the services provided to
citizens by the govt., with the support of information and communication
technologies.

Objectives:

To know the importance of E-commerce in today's Environment

to understand the Impact of e-commerce on indian economy.
To study the current satus of E-commerce in India
To study the growth & contribution of e-commerce in Indian Economy.
To study an impact of e-commerce on international market.
To study the challenges faced by e-commerce in India.
The rules & Regulations of Indian Government on E-commerce